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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at |http: //books .google .com/I o?^. ) ■^ • fO >- r / / r\ AUTHORITIES CONSULTED FOB THE THIBD VOLUME. Government Records. Wellington's Dispatches. Brialmont and Gleig's Life of Wellington. Wilson's History of India. Marshman's History of India. Asiatic Register. James' Naval History. Jones's ** Papers on the Progress of British Power in India." Sir John Malcolm's Report on the Province of Malwa. Stewart's BLighlanders. Welsh's Reminiscences. ERRATA FOR THIRD YOLUMB. Fiige 98. The figures under the head '< Batta per daj " in the table ought to be in the colnmnB for fanams and cash** thna 6 ^ 8 10 1 80 2 Page 161. 8rd line from bottom, for 4 feet 6 inches, ttad 6 feet 4 inches. Page 199. Top line, f^ " indifferent," t9oA ** in different." Page 246. 18th line from bottom, for " Bnperior," read ** superior. Page 878. Foot-note, for ** Godayery," rsod '< Nerbndda." Page 406. For " Cnnoia, ' read *' Cnnnia." M CONTENTS OF VOLUME THIRD. CHAPTEE XVI. Fbom the Capttrb of Sebinoapatam in 1799, to the Commkncxment OF THE Hahbatta Wab IN AuousT 1808. Faob The conqaered territory — Operatione against Dhoondia — Capitalation of Gooty — Sarrender of Jamalabad — Oocnpation of Soonda — Southern Poly- gars — Northern Giroars — ^Acqoisition of Tanjore — Resignation of General Harris — Serrioe in Bidlam — ^Final operations against Dhoondia— Aoqnisi* tion of the Ceded Districts — Operations against the Pyohy Bajah — Polygars of Dindigal — Expeditions against Temate — Acquisition of the Camatic — Insurrection in TinneTeUy and Madura — Expedition to Egypt — Treaty of Amiens — Final service in Bullum — Insurrection in the Wynaad — Affairs in BCalabar — Mahratta affairs — Advance from Huiryhur — Belief of Poonah — Declaration of war — Foreign settlements 1 SepalMe accounts of each branch of the Army, 1799-1803 67 CHAPTEE XVn. Fbom the Commencement of the Mahbatta Wab in 1806, to thx Tbbaty with Holkab, 1806. Storm of Ahmednuggor, and Jaulna- -Battle at Assaye — Defence of Korjet Koregaum — Affair at Umber — Gallant conduct of a Jemadar — Surrender of Burhanpoor, and Asseeighur— Armistice with Bcindia — ^Battle at Argaum — Siege and storm of Gawilghur — Treaties of Deogaum and 8ur- jee Anjengaum — Mahratta armies ^Banditti in the Nisam's country— Lieutenant Wight's detachment — Affair at Munkaisir — ^Detachment in Berar*~General Wellesley leaves the army— His order on the occasion — Prise-money — Thanks of the House of Commons, Ac. — ^Army of reserve — AfEair at Hunmunsagur — Conquest of the province of Cuttack — Operations against Holkar in Oandeish — Capture of Chandore, Lussulganm, Dhoorb, and Galna — Thanks to the iroops — ^Attacks on the camp of the Besident wiUi Scindia — Steady conduct of the escort — General Wellesley's farewell order, 1805 — Defeat of Arabs on the Beema, and of Mahratta horse near Mulkapoor — Conclusion of the war, and thanks to the troops, 1806 — Aoquiidtion of territory — Belief of the Madras troops at Poonah ... 108 Military Operation$ within the limit$ of the Madras Preeidenejf, 1804-6. Outbreak in Dindigul — Operations in the Chittoor Pollams — Aflsiis in Traranoore, Malabar, and the Wynaad — ^Death of the Pychy Bajah — Suo- oession of Governors and Commanders-in-Chief, 1808-6 140 Separate accounts of each branch of the Armyi 1808-6 161 • VI CONTINTS OF VOLUME THIRD. CHAPTER XVIII. Page Mutiny AT Vbllore, 1806 169 CHAPTER XIX. FaoM THE Treaty with Holkae in 1806, to the Termination of THE War in Trayancorb, 1809. Arriyal of Sir Qeorge BarloW'-^Mohiput Bam — ^Affair at Amalnair — Order of the Governor- General thereon — Capture of Bnngnsh, and Dandin Khan — Northern Circars — Projected expedition to the Persian Gnlf — ^Insnrrec- tionin Travancore — Flight of the Resident — Actions at and near Qnilon — Defence of Cochin — Thanks to the troops — ^Colonel Sentleger's force enters Travancore — Takes the Arambooly lines and other places, and encamps before Trevandrum — Further actions at Qnilon — Thanks to the troops — Colonel Chalmers encamps before Trevandmm — Sabmission of the Bajah and settlement of the province 202 Separate accounts of each branch of the Army, 1806-9 ... ... ... 220 CHAPTER XX. Mutiny oT THE SuBOPEAN 09FICBRS, 1809 .«, 235 CHAPTER XXI. From the Termination or the War in Travancore; 1809, to the GoitPLETION of THE CONqCBST OF JaVA, 1812. Ameer Khan seizes Jnbbnlpoor — Colonel Close advances against him to Seronge — Order on the tetnm of Colonel Close to England — Occupation of Bodrigues — Capture of St. Paul's — Bzpedition to Bourbon — Surrender of the ishund — Thanks to the troops — Capture of the Isle de la Passe- Disasters of the British squadron — Surrender of the Isle de la Passe to ihe French — The French blockade Bourbon — ^The blockade raised — Capture and recapture of H.M.'s Africaine — Capture of the French frigate Venus, and recapture of the British ship Ceylon — General Aberorombie takes command of the expedition — General Sir Samuel Auchmuty assumes command of the Madras Army — Capture of the llauritius — Becapture of British ships, and rescue of British prisoners — Casualties — Strength of the enemy — Thanks to the troops — Medals — ^Disposal of the islands of Bourbon and Mauritius — ^Volunteering for foreign service — Capture of Amboyna, and the dependent islands — Occupation of Manado — Thanks to the troops — Capture of Banda Neira, and dependent islands — Thanks to the troops — Capture of Temate — ^Thanks to the troops — fiestoration of ; the islands, 1816—Korthem Circars, 1810-^12 — Auxiliary force at Goa, 1809-18 — Expedition to Java — Occupation of the capital — ^Assault and capture of the lines at Comelis — Casualties — Captured ordnance and stores— Surrender of the island — Thanks of the Governor-General and Prince Begent — Expedition to Palembang — Capture of Djojo-carta — Cessation of hostilities — Complimentary orders — Java restored to the Uutcli, lolv ... •.. ..• ... ... .•• ... «.. ••« 2«70 Separate accounts of each branch of the Army, 1810-11 ... ••• .•. 833 CONTENTS OF VOLUME THIRD. Vll CHAPTER XXII. FBOM the GoXPLKnON OF THE GON^USST 09 JATA IN 1812, TO TBB GOMHXNCSMSNT OV THE MAHRATTA WaB IN I8l7. Coloael Dowse's force — Complimentary order — First trial of the Commis- Bariat in the field — Intelligence Department— Insurrection in the Wynaad — Mntiny at Qmlon — Sacoession of GbTemors and Commanders- in-Chief, 1818-14 — Northern Circars — ^Aifaim in Knmool — Surreniler of the fort — Treaty of Paris — Thanks of the Honse of Commons — Return of the troops from the Molnocas, and orders thereon — Pindskries, 1812-17 — They enter Mirsapore and plnnder (Sanjam — Defeated by Major Oliver, Lieutenant Borthwick, Major Loshington, and Major M. McDowall Separate accounts of each branch of the Army, 1812-16 Page B51 875 APPENDIX. A. — ^Armfl taken from the Southern Polygars, 1802 B. — Casualties at Ahmednuggfur, 1803 ... C— Do. at Assaye, 1803 D. — Do. at Argaum, 1803 K. — Ordnance taken in Travancore, 1809 F. — Booty taken at Amboyna, &o,, 1810 6.— Military Establishment at Amboyna, 1810 »•• 400 401 402 405 406 407 408 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. CHAPTER XVI. PBOM THB CAPTURE OF SEKINGAPATAM IN 1799, TO THE COHMENCEMEKT OF THE MAHBATTA WAB IN AUGUST 1808. Ths territory acqaired by the conqaest of the Kingdom of CHAP. XVI. Mysore was taken possession of without opposition with ij^^ the exception of the districts of Nuggtuv and BuUnm in conquered Mysore, Wynaad and Ootiote in Malabar, the fort of 1799. Jamalabad in South Ganara> and the fort at Gooty, situated in what were afterwards known as the Ceded Districts. Operations against Dhoondiah. Daring the confusion attending the storm of Seringa- patam^ Dhoondiah Waugh, a notorious freebooter who had been imprisoned by Tippoo, managed to effect his escape,^ and having collected a body of horse, he took possession of Shimooga and other forts in Nuggur or Bednore^ and having thus provided himself with artillery, ammunition, and money, he increased his force, and asserted his right to the sovereignty of the province. Two field detachments were immediately equipped Colonel HgBinst liim. One, under Colonel Pater, composed of the Detachment. 4th cavahy, the 1st battah'dn 1st, and the 1st battalion 8th 1 Colonel Beatson (page 246} sajs that Dhoondiah was released by the iiMwiisiderate hnmanity of the British troops. The yersion in the text -ia taken from General Harris' report. VOL. III. 1 HISTOI^T OF THE MADRAS ABMT. Colonel Dalrymple's DetMhment. CHAP. XYI. N.I., advanced to the fort at Hassan ^ in order to check any possible incursion from Nuggar, and to act according to circumstances. The other, under Lieutenant-Colonel James Dalrjrmple, who had succeeded to the command of the Hyderabad Subsidiary Force after the capture of Seringapatam, was composed of the Ist cavalry, the 2nd battalion 7th, the 2nd battalion 11th, and a party of Bengal Artillery. This detachment obtained possession of the hill forts at Cfait- tledroog' on the 6th July without opposition. Colonel Dalrymple gave a minute description of the place in his report to the Adjutant-Gleneral, from which the following is an extract : — " The lower fort is very extensive, and contains within it several other smaller forts, and a great number of inhabitants. Some parts of the old Hindoo fortifications are still remaining in the upper and lower forts, but by far the greatest part of the works are all done in the modem style of solid masonry, and built under the inspection of our unfortunate prisoners during their confinement at this place." A few days after the occupation of Chittledroog, Colonel Dalrymple was joined by the 2nd cavalry, and both battalions of the 10th regiment of Bengal sepoys. On the 14th he marched with the two regiments of cavalry and 400 grenadier sepoys in pursuit of a body of Dhoondiah^s men who had been plundering the country. He came up with them on the 15th, about 20 miles from Chittledroog, and having halted his infantry and guns, he attacked with the cavalry, and destroyed nearly the whole party, the number of which was estimated at about 250 horse, and 400 foot. . This service was accomplished after a march of 40 Surprises several parties of Dhoondtah's followers. > About 00 miles north-west of Seringapatam. ' About 150 miles north of Seringapatam. HJSTOfST Of THX 1CADBA8 AlUCY. 3 miles in 24 hoars. The marftuclers having been guilty OHAP. XTI. of many atrocities^ more especially after their capture of "" the small fort at Ooondair> the Commander-in-Chief directed that the 40 prisoners taken by Colonel Dalrym- pie shonld be hanged at that plaoe> with the exception of one man who was to be set at liberty after having wit- nessed the execati(m of his comrades. On the 17th Colonel Dalrymple again surprised a small body of horse and foot near the fort of Chengherry in Naf^gar^ and dispersed it with his cavalry^ killing 40 men and taking 40 prisoners. He then attacked the fort and carmd it by a ^' coup de mam'* On the 29th he captured abont 6^000 head of cattle from Dhoondiah's brinjarrieSj together with a quantity of grain. Colonel Dalrymple. receiyed the thanks of the Commander-in-Chief for these services, and was authorised to grant the captured cattle and grain to his detachment. About the end of July, Colonel James Stevenson Colonel relieved Colonel Pater, and advanced towards the fort of reiievea Shimooga in order to co-operate with Colonel Dalrymple. S^^^^ By the 7th August both detachments had crossed to the western banks of the rivers upon which the forts of Shimooga and Honelly are situated, and on the morning Capture of of the 8th these places were attacked and taken by storm, midH^liy. the former by the detachment under Stevenson, the latter by that nnder Dalrymple. General Harris, in his report to the Oommander.in-Chief in India, remarked that '' the gallant behaviour of the native troops, who alone were employed, was highly honorable to them, and reflected gro at credit on Colonels Stevenson and Dalrymple, and the officers, who, under their orders, conducted the attacks/' Colonel Stevenson was thanked in General Orders of the 10th August , as were also Captain Mac- farlane, Ist battalion 8th regiment; Captain Strachan HtSTOBT OF THE XADRAS ARHT. Storm of Hoolal. Defeat of Dhoondiah. CHAP. XYl. Staff Officer^ and Lieutenant Whitney McCallj, Ist batin- lion 1st regiment. The head<>qaarter8 of the Army left the neighbourhood of Seringapatam on the 10th July, reached Chittledroog on the 24th9 and early in August advanced to Hurryhur . on the east bank of the Toombuddra. a fort which had surrendered to Captain WiUet of the 1st battalion 10th Bengal sepoys, on the 30th July. On the 14th August a detachment,^ under Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace, H.M.fs 74th regiment, was sent against the fort of Hoolal, about 20 miles direct north of Hurryhur. The place was . carried by storm on the 16th, and most of the garrison were killed, either during the assault, or in their attempt to escape. Colonel Wallace and the detachment were thanked in orders. £arly on the morning of the 17th August, Dhoondiah's collected force, amounting to 1,200 horse, and 300 in&ntry, posted under the walls of the fort at Shikarpoor in Nuggur, was attacked and defeated by Colonel Dalrymple, aided by a part of Colonel Stevenson's detachment. The action was thus described by General Harris :— ^The in&ntry and artillery of Dhoondiah were formed behind a small river, which, swelled by the rains,. had become almost unfordable from the depth and rapidity of its current. His horse, separated by this stream from the infantry, formed, and steadily waited the attack of the regiments of Native cavalry which led Lieutenant- Colonel Dalrymple's detach- ment. These instantly charged, and in a short, but arduous conflict, drove the enemy into the river, who left 600 men and horses killed or drowned. Lieutenant Colonel Dalrymple's infiuitry at the same time assaulted and took the fort by storm, assisted by part of Colonel Stevenson's detachment, whose march had been retarded by the badness of the roads. The ' Two flank companies, H.M.'s 78rd and 74th, and a battalion of Bengal Kative Yolonteers. HI8T0BT or THB MADRAS ABMT. 5 Killadars of the fort, when taken, were hanged on its walls OHAP. XTT. in sight of the enemy's troops, who fled in the utmost disorder, while the^depth of the river prevented an immediate pursuit." The effect of this blow was decisive. Colonel Stevenson, who had assumed command of the united detachments^ pursued Dhoondiah as far as the frontier of the Mahratta country, in which he took refuge on the 20th August. That very night his camp was attacked by a chief named Doondah Punt Gk>kla, who dispersed his remaining fol- lowers and captured his elephants, camels, bullocks, and guns. The province of Bednore was then occupied by our troops without further opposition. Capitulation op Gooty. A detachment of the Hyderabad Subsidiary Force under Colonel Bowser obtained possession of Gurrumcondah, and other places which had fallen to the share of the Nizam, without resistance, but the Killadar of the strong and extensive hiU-f ort at Oooty refused to give it up, and did not capitulate until the 9th August when a prac- ticable breach had been made. The casualties^ in the detachment during the investment ^ere trifling. SUBBBKDSB OV JaMALABAD. The fort of Jamalabad in Canara was reduced by blockade, and surrendered to the Bombay troops on the 8th October. Killed. Wounded. Total. ArtiileEy ••* ••. ••• ••. 8 o 8 Sndbatn. 2nd regt. (20th M.N.I.) ... 6 17 28 l8t do. 11th do. (2l8t M.N.I.) ... 2 16 18 . Total.. 10 89 48 Lientenant-Colonel Bowser wonnded. Captain Boberts, 2nd battalion 2nd, killed. 6 HI8T0BT or THI MADRAS ABUT. OHAP. XTI. Geiienl to Madras. Action at Sambranee. Qeneral Harris^ being required at the Presidency, left the Army on the 24th Ang^t, having made orer the command to Oolonel Wellesley, and taken farewell of the troops remaining in the field in a very flattering order. OcOtJPATION or SOONDA, 1799. The Peshwa Haying rejected the conditions attached to the offer of Soonda^^ Harponelly, and certain talooks in Mysore, viz., that he should accept the mediation of the British Government on every question in dispute between him and the Nizam, and that he should exclude the French from his dominions ; these districts were divided between the Company and the Nizam, and Lieutenant- Colonel, the Honorable A. Sentleger, with the 4th cavalry, the Ist battalion Ist regiment, and 4 guns, was sent early in September to take possession of Soonda, He met with no opposition until he arrived at the village of Sambranee near HuUihal, which was held by 300 Mah- rattas sent from Dharwar by the Killadar of that place, to plunder the country, and to maintain the post against the British. The fort at Hullihal was held by 500 men with similar instructions. Colonel Sentleger made his attack on Sambranee on the 29th. The village was strongly barricaded, and the walls loop-holed, but it was carried after an action of about two hours. The loss of the detachment was trifling, but most of the garrison were killed. The fort at HuUi- hal was evacuated the next day, and no further opposition was offered. Colonel Sentleger was thanked in Division orders by Colonel WeUesley for having '' brought forward, with incredible expedition, his troops and guns ' Soonda is a small district abore the Western Ghauts, now incladed in North Canara. Harponelly is the western district of the ceded terri- tories. HT8T0BT OF THI MADRAS ABUT. 7 ibToagfa jungles^ over BWftmps, by the worst roads that I CHAP. STL have seen in India.'' Lieatenant Mason^ 4th cavalry^ and Lieutenant Macallj^ Ist battalion 1st regiment^ were specially mentioned on this occasion* Opbbations against thb Southern Poltoars, 1799. Although the distarbances in Madura and Tinnevelly had been put down by Colonel Maxwell's detachment in 1792^ the Polygars soon began to resume their turbulent and predatory habits. They withheld payment of their kists^ and not only attacked each other, but made inroads into the district of Ramnad^ and into the Company's territory, burning villages, and murdering the inhabi- tants. The campaign against Tippoo had rendered it expedient Major to postpone operations against these offenders^ but early Detaohmont in August 1799, the Goyemor-Greneral directed the form- ation of a detachment^ at Palamcottah for that service, and appointed Major John Bannerman to the command. He was ordered to proceed in the first instance against Cataboma Naig, Polygar of Pan jalamcoorchy, a fort about 26 miles north-east of Palamcottah^ and after having secured his person, he was then to dispossess the inferior chiefs who had acted in concert with him, and finally to disarm the whole of the Southern Polygars, friendly or otherwise* He was invested with the power to execute such of the Polygars and their followers as might be found in open rebellion, and to sequester their lands. > DeteohmeBt native cavalry. Detachment Bengal artiUeiy, with two 6 and two S-ponndem, nnder a Snbaltem. H.M.'8 19th Foot, 400 men. lat battalion Srd regiment i 6 companies let battaUon 18th ragS- ment. 5 companies 2nd battalion 18th r^ment (Srd, 25th, and 26th 8 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XVI^ Major Bannerman wrote to Gataboma Naig from Pal- ""^ amcottah on the 1st September^ directing his attendance BepnUe at on the 4th^ to which a reply was sent dated the 2nd idem^ Panjaiam- j^ ^j^^ effect that there was no lucky day at that time, but that as soon as there should be one, he would come. On receipt of this communication Major Bannerman marched for Panjalamcoorchy^and arrived on the morning of the 5th with the Native troops. The fort was sur- rounded by a detachment of the 3rd cavalry under Lieutenant Dallas supported by a party of infantry ; soon after which a considerable body of Polygars endeavoured to force their way into the fort, but they were repulsed with loss. Oataboma Naig was then called upon to surrender at discretion, but he refused to leave the fort unless fur- nished with a written safe conduct. Major Bannerman being apprehensive that the Polygar might make his escape during the night, and not anticipating any diffi- culty in getting possession of the fort, determined to assault it at once. The storming party was composed of six companiesi viz. j^ the flank companies Ist battalion 8rd legiment under Captain Bruce, and the flank com- panies of the 13th regiment under Captain O^Beilly. A few artillerymen, with a 6-pounder intended to blow open the southern gate, accompanied the party. The supports consisted of the battalion companies 1st batta- lion 3rd regiment, and three companies 1st battalion 13th regiment. The men advanced with seeming resolution, and the gate was blown open by the artilleiy, supported by the leading sections of infantry under Cap- tain CBeilly, who believed the place to be in his hands. At this moment Lieutenant Douglas of the artillery was piked in the gateway, and the storming party, falling back, commenced a disorderly fire in return to that from BISTORT 09 THE MADBAS ABJtT. 9 the fort. Captain O'Beilly, after haying in yain endea- OHAF. ZVI. ▼onred to induce the men to advance, was finally obliged to retire with the loss of 93 men, and 6 European ^ officers killed and wounded. The Native commissioned and non-commissioned officers having, with a few ezceptions, behaved ill on this occasion^ General Harris recom- mended their summary dismissal, and that the vacancies thus made should be filled up from the detachments under Colonels Stevenson and Dalrymple, which had recently distinguished themselves in Mysore. The companies of H.M/s 19th Foot arrived at Panjalam- Evaoufttion coorchy on the evening of the 6thy and during that night the fort was evacuated. Early on the 7th the vakeels of tlie Polygar waited on Major Bannerman with a request that their master might be permitted to proceed to the Presidency with his ordinary retinue, and accompanied by a British officer, but without being in any respect considered as under restraint. - Major Bannerman having refused to listen to any- Flight of tlia thing less than an unconditional surrender, the Polygar ^ ^^^* went off in a northerly direction with a number of followers. A day or two afterwards he was overtaken by the C»pkaeor ' Zemindar of Etiapooram, who dispersed his people and ^S^JJJ** captured Soobramoonia Pillay, his principal officer and adviser. CatabomaNaig effected his escape on horseback. Soobramoonia Pillay was executed at J7aglepoor on the 13th for acts of plunder and outrage committed in the territories of the Company, and of the Nawaub, and on the same day Soondrapandia Naig, brother of the Polygar * Lienfccaatit Dooglsa Bengal artillery, laeatenantd D'Ormieiiz and Collins Ist battalion 18th, and laeatenant Blake Snd battalion ISth, kOled ; Comet Mont ol the caTalxy, and laeutenant MoDowaU, 1st bat- talion 18th, wounded. VOL. m. 2 10 HISTOBT OF TBI ICADBAS ABMT. CHAP. XVI. Oaptnre and ezeoation of tho Folygar. Forfeiture of liT« PoUams. Demolition •of forts. Measares for •ettling the oonntry. of Naglepoor, was sent for ezecntdon to the village of Gt>palpoomm in the Zemindary of Ramnad, the inhabi- tants of which had been murdered by a party under his immediate orders. Cataboma Naig was taken on the 23rd by the peons of the Tondiman/ and was executed at Eytar on the 16th October. His brother, and several other members of his family^ were brought to Eytar at the same time, and sent^ shortly afterwards^ to Palamcottah as prisoners. The lands of the five most refractory Polygars, viz., those of Panjalamcoorchy, Naglepoor, Eolampettah^ Yali- rampanna, Gadulgoody, and Eylatoor, were forfeited to Government. The remaining Polygars tendered their submission^ and consented to demolish their forts under the supervision of European officers^ and to give up their arms. The destruction of the forts in the forfeited PoUams was effected by the detachment of pioneers under Lieutenant Bagshaw. The completion ' of these measures was reported to Government on the 21st October, and Major Bannerman left camp, for Madras the next day, having made over charge to Major Turing. Shortly afterwards, steps were taken for revising the assessment, and for relieving the Polygars from the obli- gations of military service and police duties which were attached to their tenures; the Government charging themselves with the military protection of the country, and the administration of the police. ' Bepreeented by the Rajah of Poodoocottah, whose ancestorB ren« dered material aerrioe to the English during the early wan in the Bontbem Camatic. This dignitary does not pay any tribute. * Forty-four forts were reported as haying been destroyed. The arms eoasisted principally of moskets, matchlocks and pikes. About 1,800 of the two first, -and 8,800 of the last, were g^yen up. - Subsequent ev'ents showed that the Polygars had managed to ret«un a considerable number. fmn HISTOBT Of TBS MADRAS ARHT. 11 Major Bannerman was thanked for his services by the OHAP. XYT. Governor-General, as weU as by the Government of Madras. NOBTHKBK ClRCARS^ 1799. A detachment^ nnder Lieutenant-Colonel Fotheringham was employed dnring March and April against parties of maranders in Ganjam^ but Hili progress having been slow, he was superseded by Colonel Urban Vigors, commanding the division, who soon brought matters to a satisfactory termination, and received the thanks of Government. Acquisition of Takjobb, 1799. On the 25th October 1799 the Kingdom of Tanjoro was made over to the East India Company on condition of the annual payment to the Bajah of one lakh of pago- das, and one-fifth of the net revenue of the province, after deducting bhe charges of collection. The fort of Taujore was given up to the Bajah to be garrisoned at his pleasure. General Harris resigned command of the Army on the General 26th January 1800, and was succeeded by Major-General „g|gQg^ xsoo. Brathwaite of the Company's service. Early in February the three battalions of Bengal Volun- The Bengal teers under Lieutenant-Colonel Gardiner, set out on their y^^^^^ return, but were detained in the Northern Circars for some little time on account of disturbances in the Zemin- dary of Polaveram. Operations were brought to a suc- cessful termination in April, and the services of Colonel Gardiner and his brigade were acknowledged in hand- some terms by the Madras Government in a General Order dated 12th May. ' 1st battalion lOtb, 3 companies ; 2nd battalion Stb, 7 companiei ; Sgona. 12 HISTOBT Of THE ICADBAS ARHT. CHAP. XYI. The lOth regiment ^ Bengal native infantry^ and the company of Bengal artillery, which had formed part of the Subsidiary Force at Hyderabad, marched for their own Presidency on the 27th Febmary. Colonel Dalrymple ' issued a very complimentary order on their departure^ a copy of which he forwarded to the Madras Government with a letter from which the following is an extract : — *'The accompanying extract from the order issaed at parting with the Bengal troops is fully expressive of the estimation in which I held them, and conveys the general sentiments, I am convinced, of the Coast officers here, who have so long served with them on the most cordial terms." Sebvicx in Bullum^ 1800. About the end of March a detachment ^ under Lieuten- ant-Colonel Tolfrey was sent against Kistnapah Naik, the Bajah of BuUum^ who had taken possession of the Bissly or Soobroomony ghaut leading from Mysore into Canaraj and interrupted our commanication with Manga- lore. Colonel Tolfrey arrived at Eygoor on ••• .«. ... .»• 9 O O ... ••• ••• ••• I . • 2 4 O Total ... 18 es 81 Kyiore troopi, 19 killed, 41 wounded. 14 HISTORT OF THE KADBAS ARVT. CHAP. XTI. The thanks of Goyemment to Golonel Montresor and t nuL«ir« ».rt tho detachment were published to the Army in an order the troops. dated 12th May. Final Operations against Dtoondiah, 1800. Dhoondiah, after his defeat by Q-okla in August 1799, soon collected his scattered followers, and having been joined by nearly the whole of Tippoo^s cavalry, and a number of disaffected men from the Hyderabad country and from Guddapah, he obtained possession of several places in the Southern Mahratta country, and threatened to enter Mysore. The Peshwa sent a force consisting of 5,000 horse and a large body of infantry to oppose his further progress in Savanoor, but this force was beaten, and a large number of horses captured. Such being the state of matters, orders were sent to Colonel Wellesley on the 2nd May 1800, directing him to assemble a field force as speedily as possible, and giving him authority to pursue Dhoondiah into the Mahratta territory or else- where. In conformity with this order a body ^ of troops ' CavaZry— Colonel Sceyesson. 1 f ki*im>^A / H.M.'8 19th dragoons. \ Lieutenant-Colonel Torin, igiongaae. | igt and 4*h native cavalry, f Ut cavalry. 9 A Ary f H.M.'s 25th dragoons. \ Colonel Pater, 2nd cav- zna ao. ^ 2nd native cavalry. / airy. Firgt Brigade of Infantry, H.M.'b 73rd and 77th regimentB ... ... Lieut.-Col. Monypenny, H.M.'b 73rd. Second Brigade of Infantry, l0t battalion Ist regiment. \ let do. 8th do. } ... Lient. -Colonel Tdfrey, let do. 12th do. ) l8tl2th. Third Brigade of InfanU-y, 2nd battalion 4th regiment. \ -u^i^ n*».*«*» o^a a^\, 2nd do. 2nd Bombay regiment. \' Major Capper, 2nd 4th. The let battalion 4th Bombay regiment, was ordered to join this brigade, but did not do so nntil abont the middle of August. Detachment Madras artillery under Captain, Sir John, Sinclair. Detachment Madras pioneers under Captain Heitland, 6th regiment. HISTOBT Of THI HADBAS ABUT. 15 was assembled at Chittledroog daring the early part of OHAP. XYI. Jnne^ and by the 28rd of that month they had crossed the riyer Toombaddra at Hurryhur^ and encamped in the Mahratta country. A detachment^ of the Hyderabad Subsidiary Force petoohmentg from Hydeza- under Lieutenant-Colonel Maclean^ 2nd battalion 9th bad. regiment, was sent to co-operate in the Baichoor Doab, and this was reinforced soon afterwards by another detachment ' from the same f orce^ composed of a regi* ment of cavalry and 8 companies of in&ntry* under Lieutenant-Colonel Bowser, who assumed command of the whole. Colonel Wellesley marched for Ranee ' Bednore on the Capture of Banoo 27th. His adyanced guard having been fired at from Bednoxe. the fort, it was immediately attacked by the pioquets under Colonel Monypenny, consisting of 50 europeans and 150 natives, supported by the 1st battalion 1st regiment, and carried by escalade without the loss of a The cavalry having surrounded the fort so as to cut off retreat, Dhoondiah's garrison, amounting to about 500 men, were nearly all killed. The following order was issued to the troops: — '< Eanee Bednore, Friday, 27th June^lB89. ' ^ " Colonel Wellesley received much pleasure from observing the vivacity with which the attack of the fort of Banee 1 l«t battalion 6t1i, and 2nd battalion 9th regiment, 8 field pieces, and 1,000 Kiiam'a hone. * 8rd i«£^ent native oavahrj and six companies of infantry, vis., the flank companies 2nd battalion 2nd, 2nd battalion 7th, and 2nd battaUon llth. * About 14 miles north-west of Harryhur. 16 HISTOfiT Of THK MADRAS kVUY. Defeat of Gokla by Dhoondiah. Oaptare of Koondgnl. CHAP. XVI. Bodnore was conducted this xnoming under the orders of Lieutenant-Colonel Monypenny. To this is to be attributed the immediate success of the attack without any loss on our side, although it appears that the fort contained a large garrison." DhocndaPant Gokla^ the Mahratta leader, with 10,000 horse, 5,000 foot and 8 guns, who was at this time in the vicinity of Kittoor for the purpose of co-operating with the British, was suddenly attacked by Dhoondiah ^ on the SOth June, and defeated with the Io]3s of his guns. He himself was killed. Colonel Wellesley crossed the Werdah near Deogherry on the 8th and 9th July, and after having constructed a redoubt upon the river, in which he left a small detach- ment, he marched to Savanoor on the 12th. Leaving his heavy baggage and stores in that place, he proceeded against the fort of Koondgul, in which Dhoondiah had left a garrison of 600 men, and carried it by assault on the evening of the 14th with trifling loss. The following is an extract from his report to the Adjutant-General, dated 18th July :— *' The troops attacked Koondgul after a march of above 22 miles, and that they had been under arms above 12 hours. The cavalry surrounded the place ; the gateway was attacked by the Ist of the 12th, and an endeavour was made to blow it open, while the grenadiers of the 73rd regiment under Captain Todd, supported by those of the 1st of the 8th, escaladed the curtain on the opposite side with a spirit which overcame every obstacle." On the 16th Colonel Wellesley relieved the fort at Sirhetty, which was besieged by one of Dhoondiah's Belief of Sirhetty. ^ It waa said that Dhoondiah dyed his mnataoheB in the heart's blood of Gokla, in fulfilment of a vow of reyenge made after his defeat by that chief in August 1799. HISTORT OV THl MADBAS ASMT, 17 adherents, and lie then returned to Savanoor for the CHAP. XYL baggage and stores. Dhoondiah, who had fled from Koondgnl on the Capture of approach of the detachment, being reported to be in the forest in the neighbourhood of the fort of Dummul, Colonel Wellesley moyed in that direction from Sayanoor on the 22nd, haying been joined a day or two preyiously by a body of Mahratta horse recently under Gokla. He came before the fort on the morning of the 26th, and the garrison, consisting^c^ about 1,000 men, haying refused to surrender, the place was immediately attacked and carried by escalade. The following is an extract from Colonel Wellesley's report to the Adjutant-General : — " Camp at Dtimmul, 2eih My 1800. " The fort was surrounded by the cayalry under Colonel Steyenson, and by the Mahrattas under Goklah/ It was attacked in three places : at the gateway by Major Desse with the picquets, supported by two companies of the 2nd of the 2ud; on one face by Lieutenant-Colonel Capper with the grenadiers and light infantry of the 73rd, and the 2nd batta- lion 4th ; and on the other face by Captain Macpherson with the grenadiers and li^ht infantry of the 77th, and the remainder of the 2nd of the 2nd Bombay regiment. It was impossible to force the gateway, and t|ie party on that attack entered the fort by escalade ; and the other two attacks like- wise succeeded nearly at the same time." " The fort is strong and well built, the wall about 30 feet high, with a dry ditch, in some places of considerable depth. I cannot say too much in fayor of the troops, who, by this exploit^ haye added to the reputation which they haye already gained in this country.*' Colonel Steyenson, Lieutenant-Colonel Capper, 2nd ^ A leader who had snooeeded hia namesake. yoL. III. 3 18 HISTOBT OF THE XADBAS ABXT. Dhoondiah retreats to the north. Defeated at Manoiee. CHAP. XVI. battalion 4th, Major Desse, Ist battalion 8th, Captain Macpherson, H.M/s 77th, Lieutenant Hooper, H.M.'s 73rd, and Captain Heitland of the Pioneers were specially mentioned as having distinguished themselves. The fort at Gaddack was evacnated after the arrival of the accounts of the fall of Dummul, and was occupied by the British on the 27th. Dhoondiah, having thus lost all his forts in Savanoor and in the Dharwar country, moved northwards with the intention of crossing the river Malpurba at Manolee, and encamped near Soondootty, about six miles south of that place. While there he heard of Colonel Wellesley's approach, and broke up his army into .three divisions. One division and the baggage marched towards Manolee and encamped in front of it, but without crossing the river. In this hazardous posi- tion it was surprised on the afternoon of the 30th and destroyed. The following is an extract from Colonel Wellesley's report : — " I arrived here with the cavalry at about 3 o'clock in the afternoon and found the camp standing, and that we had surprised the enemy. I instantly attacked his camp with the cavalry only. Lieutenant-Colonel Torin attacked their left with the 1st and 4th regiments, and Colonel Stevenson and Colonel Pater their front and right with the 25th Dragoons and 2nd regiment of cavalry. "The camp was strong, with its rear to the Malpurba, covered by the fort of Manowly on the other side of it, and a deep nullah along its front and left. The 2nd regiment of cavalry, under these circumstances, was the only corps which got into it ; but every person there was either killed or driven into the river. All the baggage, two elephants, many camels, horses, bullocks, &c, fell into our hands. Numbers ^ of people ^ In a letter to Major Hiinro, dated Ist August, Colonel Welledey gave the number at about 5,000. A number of arms and aooontremente belonging to the 26th Dragoons -and the Sootoh Brigade, whioh had been stolen at Vellore, were found in the oamp. HI8T0BT OF THE XADBAS ABMT. 19 were drowned or shot in attempting to cross fche river, and CHAP. XYI. many prisoners, women and children, &c. were taken." This exploit was performed after a march of 26 miles. On the 2nd August the detachment from Hyderabad, Colonel StereiLBoii augmented by the 4th cavalry, was placed under the com- command. mand of Colonel Stevenson with instructions to follow ^^ ^eSch- Dhoondiah up the river Malpurba; Colonel Wellesley nieJit- moving in the same direction, but at the distance of about 15 miles from the river. A few days later it was ascer- tained that Dhoondiah having crossed the Malpurba near its sources had again turned eastward, and reached a place named Cowdelghee, about 24 miles east of the fort of Farther Grokauk on the Grutpurba. In consequence of this intelli- in ponnit of gence the following disposition of the troops was ordered. ^^«>^d»^- Colonel Capper, with his brigade strengthened by the Ist battalion 4th Bombay regiment recently arrived in camp, and a body of Mahrattas, was directed to move down the southern bank of the Malpurba towards Jellahali while Colonel Wellesley was to march along the northern bank by Manolee. Colonel Stevenson was to move down the river Outpurba from Hanoor by Cowdelghee towards Bhagalcottah. The Mahrattas were to move between Colonels Wellesley and Stevenson. On the 22nd August Lieutenant-Colonel Capper arrived Colonel at the fort of Hooley, jthe garrison of which had carried DeSaohment. off the baggage of the Dragoons as it was passing on the march to Soondootty on the Ist. Colonel Capper attacked the place at once and carried it by escalade ; after which he marched to Syringhy, a fort about eight miles east of Hooley. The place was strong, the scaling ladders too Capture of short, and the resistance determined, but it was taken s^i^hy? after a sharp struggle. These afiEairs were brought to ihe special notice of the Commander-in-Chief, by whom the following order was issued on the occasion :— - 30 HI8T6RT or tBS MADftAS ARMY. CHAP. XTI. *< Bead-quarters, Chauliry Plain, Qth Septemh^ 1800. ' " Miyor.Gkneral Brathwaiie has receii^ firom the Officer Gommandiiig in Mysore a report of the Teiy spirited oondnct of a detachment from his force under lieutenant-Colonel Capper, of the 2nd battalion 4(th regiment, Madras native infantry, and oomposed of detachments from that corps, from the 2nd battalion 2nd, and 1st battalion of the 4th Bombay regiments under Captains Look and Dickinson, and a detail of Coast and Bombay artillery under Captain Sir John Sinclair. This force, on the morning of the 22nd August, attacked and carried by assault the forts of Hooley and Syringhy. '* The praise with which the Honorable Colonel Wellesley reports the conduct of the officers of the detachment in carrying a ladder to the walls, and of the troops in general in the course of these attacks is so favorable to their military character, that Major-General Brathwaite deems it his duty to announce it to the Army at large ; and to particularize the meritorious exertions of Captain Sir John Sinclair with his detachment of artillery in dismounting and carrying a gun (which the outer entrance was too small to admit on its carriage) for the purpose of bursting the inner gate of the fort of Syringhy. This service, successfully performed under a heavy fire from the place, reflects the highest honor on that officer, and on the gallant detachment under his immediate orders.'* Dhoondiah From Syringhy Colonel Capper proceeded towards the^Doab. Boodihall, a short distanoe above the junction of the ICalparba with the Kistna^ and he had got within 20 miles of Dhoondiah when the Malpurba fell suddenly. Dhoondiah^ taking advantage of this, crossed near Boodi- hall on the night of the 24th, and marched towarda the Baichoor Doab. His escape was attributed to the miscon- duct of the Mahratta troops with Colonel Capper, who refused to proceed in advance and guard the ford as had been directed by Colonel Wellesley. « 8I8T0fiT 6t THE KAPSAB ARXT. 21 On the 5th September Dhoondiah and his parsners CHAP. XVL oocapied the nndennentioned positions. Dhoondiah was pogiaons of at Mooski^ nearly in the centre of the Doab ; Colonel ^^ *«»?•. Bteyenson was at Hdonagoonda^ close to the north- western frontier ; Colonel Wellesley near Hnnmnnsagor at the sonth-westem frontier; and the Mahratta and Nizam's horse in the centre; the intention being to driYe Dhoondiah into the narrow fork between the Kistna and Toombnddra, by which the Doab is bounded on the east. The next few days were passed in getting nearer to the Defeat and fagitire, and on the 10th he was defeated and killed at Dbooodiali. Conahgul. The following is an extract from Colonel Wellesley's account of his proceedings from the time of his entering the Nizam's country up to the conclusion of - the action. ** Camp at Tepuljpervy^ lOth September 1800. " After I had crossed the Malpnrba at Jellahal, I marched on the 8rd instant^ and entered the Nizam's territories at HnnmniiBagar on the 5th. As Colonel Stevenson was obliged to cross the Malpnrba in boats, he was not able to advance from that riyer until the 4th. It appeared to me probable that when Dhoondiah should be pressed by the whole of our force on the northern side of the Doab, he would return into Savanoor by Kanagherry and Copaul, and would thus impede our communication ; or, if favored by the Patans of Kumool, and the Foligars on the right bank of the Toombuddra, he would pass that river and enter the territories of the Rajah of Mysore. I therefore determined to bring my detachment to the southward, and to prevent the execution of either of these designs, if he had them : and afterwards push him to the eastward, and to take such advantage of his movements as I might be able ; while Colonel Stevenson should move by 22 HI6T0BT OF THS XADRAS ABUT; CHAP. XYI. Ifoodgul and Mooski, at the distance of between 12 and 20 miles from the Kistna, and the Mahratta and Mogul cavalry collected in one body between his corps and mine. " I arrived at Eanagherrj on the 7th, and on the 8th moved with the cavalry to Baswapoor, and on the 9th to this place ^ the in&ntry being on those days at Hatty and Ghinnoor, about 15 miles in my rear. On the 9th in the morning, Dhoondiah moved from Mndgherry, a place about 25 miles from Baichoor, at which he had been encamped for some days, towards the Kistna; but on his road having seen Colonel Stevenson's camp, he returned and encamped about 9 miles in my front, between me and Bunnoo. It was clear that he did not know that I was so near him ; and I have reason to know that he believed that I was at Chinnoor." ^ '* I moved forward this evening, and met his army at a place called Conagpil, about six miles from hence. He was on his march, and to the westward ; apparently with the design of passing between the Mahratta and Mogul cavalry and my detachment, which he supposed to be at Ghinnoor. He had only a larg^ body of cavalry, apparently 5,000, which I immediately attacked with the 19th and 25th Dragoons, and Ist and 2nd regiments of cavalry.*' " The enemy was strongly posted, with his rear and left flank covered by the village and rock of Conagul, and stood for some time with apparent firmness; but such was the rapidity and determination of the charge made by those four reg^- inents, which I was obliged to form in one line in order at all to equalize in length that of the enemy, that the whole ga^e way, and were pursued by my cavalry for many miles. Many, among others Dhoondiah, were killed ; and the whole body dispersed, and were scattered in small parties over the fb.ce of the country." ^ Thig allades to the discovery of the fact that the headman of Chinnoor had been famishing Dhoondiah with intelligence of Colonel Wellesley's moyements. HISTORY OF THS MADRAS ARKT. 23 *'Pari of the enemy *8 baggage was stiU remaining in bis camp CHAP. XYI. about tbree miles from Gonagnl. I returned tbitber, and got possession of elepbants, camels, and everjtbing be. bad." '* Tbe complete defeat and dispersion of tbe enemy's force, and aboye all, tbe deatb of Dboondiab, put an end to tbis warfare, and I cannot avoid taking this opportunity of expressing my sense of tbe oondact of tbe troops. Upon tbis last occasion tbeir determined valonr and discipline were con* spicaons, and tbeir conduct, and tbat of tbeir commanding officers. Colonel Pater,^ Major Paterson,' Major Blaquiere,' Captain Doveton,^ and Captain Price,' bare deserved my most particular approbation. At tbe same time I must inform you, tbat aU tbe troops bave undergone, witb tbe greatest patience and perseverance, a series of fatiguing services." Colonel Stevenson came up witb tbe retreating enemj Colonel tbe same evening near Deodroog, and entirely dispersed ^^^^J^^ them^ capturing tbeir remaining guns^ ^^gg^g^t tknd the enemy, cattle. Colonel Wellesley in his report stated tbat be attributed *' tbe opportunity which was given of destroy- ing the enemy's army to the movements of the detach- ment ^ under Colonel Stevenson ; in no part of the army has there been greater exertion or more fatigue^ or has it been more cheerfully borne, and I conceive Colonel Sterenson, Lieutenant-Colonel Bowser, and the officers and troops under their orders^ to be entitled to my appro- bation, and to the favorable report of their conduct which I now make to you." Colonels Wellesley and Stevenson, as well as the Thanks to officers and men, received the thanks of the Madras ^ ^ iMi I III » I ■! ^ ■^■■i« ■■■■^»i M ■■»»■■■ 11 I I i^iii mm »■ ■■! III. ' find cayalry. ' 19th Dragoons. ' 25th Dragoons. * Ist oavahry. * 2nd cavalry. * Tbe 4th oaTalry and the detachment from Hyderabad. The information as to the position of Dboondiab on the night of tbe 9tb September was given by a sepoy of Linntenant-Colonel Bowser's regi- ment, rix., the 2nd battcdion 2nd. Ck>lonel Wellesley presented the man with a reward of 200 pagodas, and recommended him for promotion. 24 HISTORY or THE XADRAS ABXT. CHAP. XYI. Ooyemment and of the Qoyemor-Gteneral ; the latter deBiring that it might be particalarly expressed '' to the officers and men of the detachment of cayalry employed in the action of the 10th September, the high sense entertained by the Qoyernor-Oeneral in Goancil of the eminent courage and discipline manifested by them in the attack of the army of Dhoondiah Waugh, which terminated in the &11 of that insurgent, and in the complete destraction or dispersion of his force/' AcQuisrnoN of thi Cidsd Districts, 1800. The territory on the south of the Toombuddra and £istna, now known as the Ceded Districts, which had come into the possession of the Nizam under the treaties of 1792 and 1799, was principally held by Poly gar chiefe^ generally in a state of rebellion, and from whom both Hyder and Tippoo had experienced great opposition. Matters became worse under the Nizam, so much so that he made over the country to the East India Company on the following terms, embodied in a treaty dated 12th October 1800, viz. :— Treaty with That two battalions of sepoys, and one regiment of SSo^^*^ cavalry, with a due proportion of guns and artillery, should be added to the existing Subsidiary Force at Hyderabad, bringing the strength up to eight battalions of sepoys (or 8,000 firelocks) and two regiments of cavalry (or 1,000 horse), with the requisite complement of guns^^ European artillerymen, lascars, and pioneers,' fully equipped with warlike stores and ammunition. That for the regular payment of the whole, all the territories acquired by the Nizam under the treaties above * Two 12, And eighteen B-ponndera, 140 artiUerymen, eaoolnnTe of oommiuioned and noim)ommiBno&ed offioen. * 1 Serjeant, 1 Jemadar, 8 Hayildars, 8 Naigaes, 100 Priyates, and 1 Paokally. The oompany was generally commanded by a Lientenant* filSTOBT OF THE HABBAS ABMT. 25 specified^ slioald be made over to the Company for eyer^ CHAP. XVI. with the following modification^ viz., that with' the view of establishing a strong and well-defined boundary, the district of Adoni on the sonth of the Toombuddra, which belonged to the Nizam, should be given to the Company in lieu of certain districts north of that river, which had belonged to Mysore. Occupation ov the Ceded Teeritoey. Early in November the following measures, under the direction of Colonel Wellesley, were taken for the occupation of the ceded territory. Lieutenant-Colonel Mackay, with the 2nd battalion 5th regiment, entered Harponelly on the 9th, accompanied by Major Thomas Munro, who had been appointed to conduct the civil administration of the country. Lieutenant-Colonel Monypenny, with the 25th dragoons, the Ist and 4th cavalry, the 73rd foot, the 2nd battalion 4th, and the 1st battalion 12th, crossed the Toombuddra near Anagoondy, and proceeded to ta;ke possession of Bellary, Adoni, and Gooty. Lieutenant-Colonel Cuppage, commanding at Nundidroog, sent a detachment of the 2nd battalion 18th to occupy the fort at Gurrumcondah. On the 15th November Major-General Dugald Camp- General bell was appointed to command in the Ceded Districts, ^^^dg. and was ordered to join immediately. The principal places were occupied without difficulty, DistribnHon but the settlement introduced by Major Munro was isoi.^ ^' resisted by many of the Jagheerdars and Polygar Chiefs. Serious disturbances ensued^ and the troops were actively employed until September 1801, when General Campbell reported that tranquillity had been established throughout the provinces under his authority, and he therefore recommended that the force should be with* VOL. in. 4 2$ HISTOBT OF THE ICADRAS ABUT. CHAP. XYI. drawn from the fields and be distribnted in the following^ """^ manner^ via. : — Cantonment at Bellary. H.M/s 25th dragoons^ and the 4th regiment cavalry. Fort at Bellary, Detachment of artillery. Six companies H.M/s 73rd^ and 1st battalion 12th regiment. Fort at OooUf, Detachment of artillery. Four companies H.M.'s 73rd^ and four companies 2nd battalion 4th regiment. OamjecottaJi, Head-qnarters and six companies 2nd battalion 4th regiment. Ca/ntonment at Cumlapoor, Sixth regiment cavalry. Fort at Rachouty. Head-quarters and five companies 2nd battalion 5th regiment. Fort at Ourrumeondah. Two companies 2nd battalion 5th regiment. ChitwaiL Two companies 2nd battalion 5th regiment. Fort at Sidhout, One company 2nd battalion 5th regiment. Ownibum. Head-quarters and six companies 2nd battalion 15th regiment. HISTOBY or THE KABBAS ABUT. 27 Ootta Gotta. CHAP. XYI. Two companies 2zid battalion 15th regiment. ""** No88um. Two companies 2nd battalion IStli regiment. These recommendations were approved of , and Greneral THanks to Campbell and the troops received the thanks of Govern- ment in a General Order dated 7th October, bat this had scarcely been pnblished, when the Polygar of Temaknl, E«volt oft!» a fort abont 17 miles east of Adoni, broke oat into Ternakui. rebellion. A detachment.^ under the command of Major Strachan. ]!f^P^^^ *^ Temakali 6th cavalry, attacked the place on the 14th December, but was repulsed with the loss of 60 * men killed and wounded. A few days afterwards General Campbell arrived with H.M.'s 73rd foot, and a second attack was made on the 20th, but with a similar result, which was attributed to the want of artillery of sufficient calibre ; the light field- pieces in camp having been unequal to effect a practica- ble breach. The loss on this occasion was 173 officers and men killed and wounded. Breaching guns were afterwards brought up, and the Gapture ol fort was carried on the 30th December with the trifling loss of four men wounded, one horse killed, and two horses wounded. * H.M.'8 26th dngocms, 4th and 6th regiments of oaTaby. Detaohment of artilleiy : 2nd battalion ith, let battalion 12th, and 2nd battalion 16th regiment. * Captain Maitland, 2nd battalion 4th, was killed on the 14th ; Cap. tain Cxane, lat battalion 12th, and Lientenant Dade, 4th cayabry, were wonnded. Major Strachan, 6th oavalry, Lientenant-Oolonel Monypenny, Major Maodonald, and Lientenants Qawler and Thompson, 78rd, were wounded on the 20th. 28 HISTOBT OT THE XADBAS ARMT. 3HAP. XYI. Opibations AQAnrsT THB Ptcht Bajah. 1801. ^J^"j^ The Government of Bombay, on acquiring the pro- 1792-07/ vinoe of Malabar in 1792, reinstated most of the chiefs in their possessions, fixing, at the same time, a moderate assessment on their lands ; bat the reyenues were not paid, and frequent petty insurrections took place. The principal offender, generally known as the Pychy Rajah, was a junior member of the family of the Bajah of Cotiote near Tellicherry. During the early part of 1797 he was at open war&re with Government, but during the rainy season of that year he agreed to resign his pretensions to authority in Cotiote, in consideration of an annual stipend of 8,000 rupees. The Tyohy Shortly afterwards he retired above the ghauts into theWynaad, the Wynaad, which at that time was so difficult to penetrate that Tippoo never attempted to occupy it, but contented himself with sending occasional detachments from his frontier posts at Elakencottah and Edatora to destroy the crops, and to plunder the inhabitants. He olaima The Bajah, immediately on his arrival in the Wynaad, that distriotf _,, 1799. made friendly overtures to Tippoo, by whom they were favorably received, and who permitted him to remain in quiet possession o£ the greater part of the district with- out paying tribute. Matters continued on this footing until the conquest of Mysore, when the Bajah preferred a claim to the sovereignty of the Wynaad on the ground that it had been granted to him by Tippoo. Colonel Close, and others, nominated to inquire, were of opinion that no such grant had been made, and that the Bajah's residence in the Wynaad had been permitted in the hope that he would make use of his position there to create disturbances in Malabar, and thus embarrass the British Government. HISTOBT Of THV XADBA.S ABXT. 2& The GoYemor-General^ in a letter to the Government CHAP. XYI. of Madras^ dated 15th January 1800, thus expressed Opinion of himseK with reference to the Rajah's claim :— ^^""isw! " With respect to Wynaad, my decided opinion is, that any consideration of the pretensions of the Pychy Rajah previonsly to onr taking possession of the district under the treaty of Mysore, wonld be fatal to the anthority of the Company. No oompromise mnst therefore be admitted on this subject. The authority of the Company must be estab- lished in Wynaad as soon as possible, and if the Pychy Rajah should presume to resist the measure, his contumacy must be punished with the most signal severity." Early in March Colonel Wellesley was invested with Bombay the general command in Malabar and Canara in addition Malabi^ to that of Mysore, and he was about to march into the P^^*^^, "^ , ' under the Wynaad when it was found necessary to postpone opera- Govemment tions in consequence of the inability of the Bombay authorities to spare troops to take part in the service. On the 9th September an order was issued by the Ctovemor-General to the effect that the Bombay troops serving in Malabar and Canara, as well as those at Goa, should be placed under the Gt)vemment of Madras, and put on the same footing as the Madras troops in reelect of pay and allowances. Shortly afterwards preparations were made for taking. Colonel possession of the Wynaad by a force under Colonel gnoorodsto Wellesley, aided by the Bombay troops in Malabar under the command. Colonel Sartorius ; but Colonel Wellesley having been ordered to Ceylon on special duty, the command in Mysore^ Malabar, and Canara devolved upon Colonel Stevenson, who entered the Wynaad in January 1801. The Pychy Rajah's adherents were speedily dispersed, Ooonpation he himself became a fugitive, and before the commence- ^qx J'^'^' ment of the rains every post of any consequence in the Wynaad was in our hands. The Rajah, however, eluded 80 HI8T0BT OF THE MABBA? ABXT. Thanks to the iroopf. CHAP. XYI. all attempts to secure his person and escaped into the hill country of Travancore. The troops were sent into cantonments 09 the approadi of the rains in May, and on the 16th of that month, a General Order was published, in which Colonel Ste7enson» Colonel Sartorios the second in command, and the troops were thanked for their serrices. Colonel Wellesley, having landed at Cannanore on the 28th April, was reappointed to the Mysore Division immediately afterwards. Colonel Stevenson, as a reward for his services, was at the same time nominated to the command of Malabar and Canara under the orders of the Officer commanding in Mysore. Oolonel WeUotlej oommaad. Opibatioks aqainst the Poltoabs of DiNDiaUL, 1801. The Polygar chiefs in the hill tracts of Dindigul had withheld payment of their kists since 1798, and set the orders of the Collector at defiance. Gk>vemment, howeyer, were not in a position to c6erce them until 1801, when Lieutenant-Colonel Innes, commanding at Dindigul, was directed to equip a small field force for that purpose. This was immediately done, but the destination of the detachment ^ was altered, and Colonel Infles was sent into Malabar to support Colonel Stevenson, then employed against the Pychy Rajah. Colonel Innes arrived at Arria- code, about 25 miles from Calicut, on the 27th February, but his services not being required, he returned towards Dindigul accompanied by a detachment of the 5th cavalry under Major Leonard. He arrived at Pylney about the 1 Flank oompanies 2iid battalion 18th regiment, 88(^ Detachment Malay corps, 400. Pioneers under Gaptain Bagshaw, KXK Detachment of artillecy. StSTORT Of TfiS IfADRAS ABlCt. 31 middle of March, and having received reinforcements/ ghap. xVh he commenced operations against Gopal Naigne, Polygar of Yeerapatchy^ the principal of the refractory chiefs. Veerapatchy/ and two adjacent strongholds belong- Capture of ing to the same chief, were taken on the 21st without ^^^'^P* ^' loBs ; other places in the vicinity were occupied without, opposition, and on the 27th, most of the Polygar's haggage, horses and elephants were taken at his resi- dence at Woodacaud. The Polygar himself having taken ref age with Yedul Naigue, the chief of DhuUeecottah, a fort about 40 miles west of Veerapatchy, and at which several of the minor insurgent chiefs had assembled. Colonel Innes sent a summons to Yedul Naigue desiring him to give up Gopal Naigue and all the other chiefs on pain of being himself considered a rebel. An evasive reply having been returned, preparations were made to attack the place. Detachments were sent to occupy certain posts to the Capture of westward of Dhullee so as to cut off any attempted retreat ^' towards Travancore or Cochin, and a garrison having been left at Yeerapatchy, Colonel Innes advanced to Dhullee on the 12th April, and took the place on the 18th with trifling loss, dispersing the Polygars and their adherents. Those who escaped fled to Jelliputty, where they made a last stand on the 22nd, after which no further opposition was attempted. The Polygar of Yeerapatchy was taken on the 4th May, and on the 15th Colonel Innes reported to Government that the authority of the Civil power had been completely re-established in the province. Colonel Innes and the troops were thanked by Government in * Detaohment H.M.'b 12th foot under Major Pioton. Do. 2nd battalion let regiment under Major Innes. > About 25 miles north-west of the fort of Dindigul. 32 HISTORY Of THE MADRAS ARUt. CHAP. XVI. an order dated 22Dd May, from wliich the following is an extract : — Twi 8t George, 22nd May 1801. Thanks to ^* The operations of Lien tenant- Colonel Innes' detachment the troopi. h^ye been eqnallj distingnished by the jndicions arrangements with which they were planned, and by the great energy and ability which signalised their execntion, and the GK)Temor in Council has viewed with the highest satisfaction, the nndi^nnted and persevering ardour with which the difficulties opposed by the united force of the rebels, the seyerity of a fatiguing service, and of an unfkvorable climate have been surmounted. The force of the rebels has been subdued, their strongholds attacked and taken, and the civil government restored in the rebellious pollams, with a degree of rapidity, judgment, and success, which merits his Lordship's warmest applause.' »» Expeditions aqaikst Tbrnatk^ 1801. Early in 1801, at the instance of Mr. Farqnhar, Resident at Amboyna, Colonel Burr, commanding the troops in the Moluccas, organised an expedition against Temate, one of the spice islands belonging to the Dutch. Although the detachment^ was small, yet it was considered sufficient, as Captain Astl^, the senior Naval officer on the ' Madras artillery : 22 Europeans and 28 gnn-lascars. Captain Boss. Madras European regiment t 88 non-oomnuBsioned rank and file. Captain Walker, 4th M.N.I. Bombay Marine : 40 Europeans. Lieutenant Hayes, Indian Navy. Wirtemberg Company : 86 Europeans. Captain Gaupp. Madras Pioneers t 20 men. Lieutenant Wissett, 9th M.N.I. Bengal Marine Battalion : 80 men. Lieutenant GiU. First Bengal N.I. : 1 Havildar, 8 Bepoys. Volunteer Corpe : 68 men. Captain Boles, 8rd M.N.I. Europeans 178) Natives 170, total 348. HISTORY 07 THE KADBAS ABMT. 33 station^ Iiad promised Ids co-operation^ and the force of CHAP. XYI. the Dntqh was supposed not to exceed 60 Europeans and 2,000 trained natives. The detachment left Amboyna on the 22nd January Detaobment under the escort of H.M/s frigate "La Virginie" and the ^jjoyna. sloop " Hobart/' accompanied by the Company's armed vessels " Temate '^ and '* Splinter/' The fleet anchored oft Temate on the 10th* February, an was pablished at Madras. On the 28th July Lieatenani-Gbneral James Staart/ recently Commander-in-Chief at Bombay, assomed com- mand of the Madras Army. AcQinsiTioN ov THi Cabnatic, 1801. * On the 31st of the same month, the following order, announcing the transfer of the Camatic to the East India Company, was published to the Army : — FaH 8t. Oeorge, Slai JtOy 1801. ** In conformity to a treaty ' this day concluded between the Eight Honorable the Governor in Council, and His High- ness the Nawaub Azeem ool Dowlah Bahader, Nabob of the Camatic, by which the entire Civil and Military GoTemment of the Camatic has been transferred for ever to ihe hands of the Honorable Company ; orders have been transmitted to the civil ofloers appointed by the Governor in Councii to receive chai^ of the provinces of the Camatic from the officers of the late Government. His Lordship is therefore pleased to order and direct %I1 Officers commandiag Divisions, Stations, Garrisons, and Forts, to afford to the Civil Officers of Government whatever military aid may be necessary to the ^ Thii officer came to Madnui in April 1782 with theTSUi (72nd) regi- ment, and served in the Frefiideno/ for many years. He commanded the expedition to Ceylon in 1796» and became Commander-in-Chief at Bombay in 1797. * The Company charged itself with the maintenance and support of the force required for the defence of the Carnatic, and with the protec- tion of the rights, person, and property of the Nawanb. One-fifth of the reyennes were to be set aside for his maintenance, and to be paid to him by monthly instalments of 12,000 star pagodas, and never less, whatever might be the state of the revennes. HISTOBT OV THl MADRAS ABUT. 87 eBtablkbme&t of ihe anihority of the GompaBy throughoat OHAP. XTL the proviaoes of the Ottrnatia" ""^ Insubbiotion in Tihnitbllt and Maduba^ 1801-2. The Polygar prisoners, oonfined in the fort at Palam- - cottah after the suppression of the disturbances in Tinne- yelly by the force onder Major Bannerman in 1799, made their escape ^ on the night of the 2nd February 1801, and immediately repured to the Wahiaad hill near Panjalam- coorchy, where they were joined by nearly 4,000 armed men, who had been prepared for the attempt to escape, which, as subsequently ascertained, had been concerted for some time previously. Major Colin Macaulay, commanding in the province Major of Tinnevelly, assembled all the available troops^ at adyai^e/to Kytar, about 19 miles north of Palamcottah, and 17 miles 2^^" direct west from Panjalamcoorchy, against which place he inarched on the 6th February. On the 8th he arrived at Eolanelloor, and while coming on his encamping gpround, he was attacked at several points by considerable bodies of Polygars. The sepoys behaved steadily, and repulsed these assaults, killing 40 or 60 of the insurgents. On the 9th the detachment encamped close to Panjalamcoorchy, when Major Macaulay was astonished to find that the ^ The degree of resirauit in which fcheae prieonen were kept was eeid to hftve been detormined from timerto time by the OoUeotor, and it appears, that in oonaeqnenoe of an outbreak of snuJl-pox shortly before tiie eeoape, their fetters had been removed. The GoUeotor, on his part, laid the responsihility on the subaltern oom- mandin^ at Palamcottah. The resnlt was a general order in which it was directed that aU State prisoners should, in fntnre, be made orer to the officer oommaading the district. * 1st battation 8rd, regiment onder Major Sheppard i 100 men of the Tinner^y Prorineial battalion ; Nawanb's irregular horse 28 men ; two 6 and two S pounders. 38 HI8T0BT or THl MADBA8 ABMY. Retreats to Palamoottah. CHAP. xyi. fort, whioh had been reported as having been completely ^ destroyed by the pioneers in 1799, had been rebuilt, and that the insurgents were in considerable force, both within and without the walls. In these circumstances the Major determined to retreat to Palamoottah^ and he marched accordingly about 8 a.m. on the 10th. The insurgents followed and attacked the column, but having been repulsed with loss by Captain Yesey, who com* manded the rear guard, they desisted from any further attempt. • Owing to the unsettled state of affairs in Ifalabar, in Dindigul, and in the Ceded Districts, some difficulty was experienced in organising a force for service in Tinnevelly, but G-ovemment lost no time in despatching such troops as could be spared. On arriving at Palamoottah Major Macaulay informed Government of his intention to defer offensive operations until the arrival of reinforcements, but on the 22nd February he directed Captain Hazard, then on the inarch from Madura with a detachment 1st battalion 9th regiment, to attack the fort at Cadulgoody, which he described as being without gates, and defended by 800 common peons, only 100 of whom were armed. Beinforoe noents. ProoeedlngB of Major Ma^nlay. ^ " The woUb were lerelled with the gromd ; this waa not the ease with the bastioDB, whioh were large inaMef of solid and rery flzm olay, f aoed with unbnmt briok. These were dug down considerably from the centre till the earth formed a gradual slope, leaving considerable monnds. By scarping the earth from the remainder of their exterior faces, and raising It ronnd the centres which remained from 7 to 10 feet high, the rebels, in the short space of six days from their escape, completed the bastions in a defensible manner, and connected them with a waU of 5 or 6 feet high, in whioh state Major Macailay saw the fort on the 9th February. AXL the laborers of the sorronnding country had been summoned and compelled to perform this work, which, before the end of that month, placed the fort of Panjalamcoorchy in a better state than it had been before its dem<^tion."— Lieutenant^Colonel Agnew, to the Commander-in-Chief, Falamcottah, Sth March 1808, HISTORY Of THI XADBAS ARMY. 39 ►r^Macaolay also took the step of sending a party OHAP. XYI. of 60 men nnder a native officer to occapy the pagoda at Streevyg^ndnm, about 15 miles south-east of Palam- cottah, which was accomplished on the night of the 25th February. Captain Hasard cam<9 before Oadulgoody on the 27th Fulnre at February, and found it surrounded by a dense hedge of ^^ ^' thorns, and defended by at least 1,500 men. Finding himself not sufficiently strong to attack the place, he proceeded towards Nagulpoor, a fort distant only a few miles, which was held by a detachment of the Bamnad battalion. Captain Hazard was attacked on the march, and lost 22 men killed and wounded, but he repulsed the enemy, whose loss was not ascertained. The party at Streevygoondum remained unmolested Withdrawal nnta about the* 12th March, when the pagoda was sur- ^^^^. rounded by large bodies of Polygars, and it was found goondun. necessary to send a strong detachment imder Major Shep- pard of the 3rd to relieve and withdraw the garrison. This was effected on, the 16th after some sxnart skirmishes. These proceedings elicited the disapproval of Qovem-' Bemarks ment, which was thus expressed in a letter to l^jor 2^^^^^™* Macaulay : — " His Lordship regrets that the same motives of prudence which induced you to reliuquiBh the intention of attacking the rebels in Psnjalamooorohy were not considered applicable to your projected attack on Oadulgoody, or any other offensive operation of the troops under your command ; for il the whole disposable force of the province, collected under 'your own command, was insufficient to make any impression on the body of rebels at Pan jalamooorchy, it was presumable that a detachment fh>myoiir force would be equally incapable of attacking the rebels with advantage at any other post of importance to them. The cfystem of detachments, at all 40 HI8T0BT OT THB MADRAS ABUT. liOSB of Tnticoiin. CHAP. XVI. timeB excepfcionable, the Qovemor in Oounoil considers to be *~^ peculiarly hasftrdoos in the face of an enemy so avowedly superior to your own force." On the 2nd March the fort at Tutioorin was taken by the insurgents in consequence of the misconduct of the garrison, which consisted of a party of the 2nd battalion 6th regiment nnder Lieutenant Ormsby. This officer, not having been longer than eight months iiL the country, had no control over the men, who paid no attention to his orders, and gave up the fort without resistance, on being assured of their own personal safety. The Poly- gars behaved remarkably well on this occasion, as they put Lieutenant Ormsby on board a native craft with all his effects, and landed him at the adjacent port of Manapur, from whence he made his way to Palamcottah unmolested* Mr. Bagot, the Postmaster, who was taken at the same time, was released a few days afterwards, without having been ill-treated in any way. The expected reinforcements having arrived, the- whole, amounting to about 2,800 men,^ assembled at Kytar on the 27th, and marched for Panjalamcoorchy on the 29th. On the morning of the 30th, while on the march to Pashen- thelly^ a body of about 200 Polygar pikemen appeared The troops assemble at Kytar. SkirmiBh on the maroli. ••t 1 Body Guaid Ist oavaliy ' ••• ..< H.M.'8 74th regiment ... let battalion 8rd regiment • • . • • • Ist iBt l8t Ist 2nd do. do. do. do. do. 4ith 9th 18th 14th 16th do, do. do. do. do. ••« . tt 00 men and 2 galloper gnus. One troop. Two oompanies. The whole. Five companies. Three do. Three do. Bix do. One company. Detachments Bengal and Madras artillery, with one 18 and two 12 pounders, two 6| inch howitzers, two 6 and two 4 ponnders. Detachment of pioneers. HISTOBT Of THS MADRAS ABUT. 41 on the right flank. This was immediately charged by the CHAP. XYL cavalry under Lieutenant Grant of the Body Guards and almoBt entirely destroyed. Our loss was numerically small^ viz., 4 men IdUed and 12 wounded; 3 horses killed and 18 wounded ; but Lieutenant Grant was severely woundedj and Shaik Ibrahim^ the Subadar of the Body Guards a very gallant soldier^ was killed. The services of this valuable officer were recognised in a General Order dated 15th Aprils and a pension equal to the pay of his rank, viz., 30 pagodas per mensem, was granted to his family* The detachment- came before Panjalamooorchy on the RepniBeai morning of the 31st March. It was an irregular oblong ooonjhy. ' about 500 feet in length and 300 feet broad, and had been considerably strengthened since Major Macaulay's retreat, the walls and bastions having been raised to the height of about 12 and 15 feet respectively. The whole was surrounded by a thick hedge of thorns. Major Macaulay having determined to attack the bastion at the north-western angle, the guns were placed in position accordingly, and what appeared to be a practicable breach having been m&de by about 3 p.m., the storming party, composed of the two companies 74th, the grenadiers of the several native battalions, and one battalion company 1st battalion 3rd regiment, advanced to the assault, covered by the fire of the rest of the force which had been disposed on the flanks. The hedge was passed under a heavy fire, and the men reached the top of the breach, but they were unable to make any further progress, being either killed or disabled the moment they showed themselves. Major Macaulay, in his report, expressed himself as Behayionr having been well satisfied with the conduct of the troops. ^ ^^ *^ Notwithstanding the intrepid firmness of the assaulting party, the daring and desperate resistasce of the enemy VOL. III. 6 42 HISTOBT or THX MADBAB ARVT. Canie oi the iailara. CHAP. XYI. made it utterly impossible to enter the place, all those wlio attempted it being instantly piked or shot. *' Peroeiying at length the impossibility of succeeding, I was reduced to the painfiil necessity of ordering the troops to retire. Our loss is very severe. The whole behaved with the greatest animation and ardour/' On the capture of the place in May it was found that the bastions were hollow^ and that there was no footing on the top for the assailants. The defenders, standing closely packed in the bastions, armed with sharp pikes from 18 to 20 feet in length, were enabled to get at any man who showed himself above them without being themselves in the least exposed. Moreover^ the breach having been narrow^ the front of the assailants was neces- sarily contracted. The repulse sustained by Colonel Fnllarton at this place in 1 788, was attributed by him to similar difficulties. • The casualties ^ were numerous, our loss having amounted to 317 killed and wounded of all ranks. Casualties. Killed. Wounded. Total. • • • • ^ Cavalry ... •.. ... ••• ^Ll'lilll6x'y .•• ... ••• •.. •>. Detachment H.M.'b 74(th regiment Ist battalion 8rd regiment (Srd L.I.) Detachment Istbatt. 4th regt. (4th N.I). Do. Ist do. 9th do. (9th N.I). Do. 1st do. 18th do. (26th N.I.). Do. Ist do. 14th do. (27th N.I.). Do. SSnd do. 16th do. (82nd N.I.). Total 1 • . . 1 8 12 16 18 69 71 9 84 98 9 86 46 8 26 84 a .* 10 10 2 40 42 60 6 267 6 817 Qfieers included ahove» Killed. — Lieutenant Shank, 74th, Lieutenant Egan, 1st battalion Srd, and Lieutenant Mangnall, Ist battalion 4th regiment. Wounded. — Captain John Campbell, Lieutenants Fletcher and Camp- bell,* 74th, Lieutenant Greaves and Surgeon Barter Ist battalion Srd, Lieutenant Clapham Ist battalion 4th, Captain Hazard and Lieutenant Toriano Ist battalion 9th, Lieutenant Norris Ist battalion 18th, Lieute- nants Wright and KQiot 1st battalion 14th. Mortally. BI8T0BT Of THK MADRAS JLBXT. 43 jor Macanlay retired to a &yorable position aboat CHAP. Tfh 1^600 yards from the fort^ and encamped there pending Lieutenftnt- the arrival of reinforcements. The Goremorin ConndL OoIohbI Agnew immediately on hearing of the disaster, appointed Lieate- oommaads. nant-Golonel Agnew, then Adjatant-Gteneral, to com- mand the troops in the field, and inrested him with full powers, such as had been exercised by Major Banner- man in 1799. H.M/s 77th regiment was sent from Malabar by Beinforor- Colonel Stevenson, the 2nd battalion 6th regiment MJ^.I. '^''^' was ordered from Ceylon, and such troops in the Oamatio as were available, were ordered to march forthwith for the scene of action. Lieutenant- Colonel Agnew arrived in camp on the 21st Oaptnn of May and the troops came up the next day. Batteries oomhTT' were constructed on the night of the 22nd, and on the 23rd fire was opened on the south-^west bastion and the adjoining curtains. A practicable breach having been made in the bastion, the curtains having been nearly levelled, and the flanking defences ruined, the troops moved forward to the assault about I o'clock on the afternoon of the !^th. Their advance was impeded for some time l>y the hedge, and when they reached the summit of the breach, they met with such an obstinate resistance that an entrance was not effected until after a contest of above twenty minutes, when nearly the whole of the defenders of the bastion had been killed by hand grenades, and shot thrown over the walls. Immediately on the capture of the bastion, the Poly- gars, to the number of about 3,000, who ha3 assembled on the opposite side of the fort, rushed rapidly, but in close order, out of the place. They were pursued and charged by the cavalry under Captain Doveton and Lieutenant Orant. The loss of the 44 HI8T0ST 07 TBI XADRIS ABKT. OperatioBfl in ShoTAgimga. OHAP. XYI. insiu]gf6nt8 in the fort^ and during the pnrsnit, was ""* estimated by Colonel Agnew at about 1,000 men. Oar loss amounted to 186^ of all ranks killed and wounded. On the capture of the fort the rebels fled into Sheva- gunga, then ruled by Vella Murdoo and Ohinna Murdoo, generally known as ''The Murdoos/' who, from having been the principal officers of the Zemindar, had usurped his authority, and exercised supreme control over the district. They were called upon by Colonel Agnew to give up the Chief of Panjalamcoorchy, and other princi- pal leaders, on pain of being themselves treated as rebels, and as they failed to comply, operations were commenced against them. The detachment of the 9th was left at Panjalamcoor- ohy, together with the sick and wounded. The company of the 2nd battalion 16th was sent to occupy Tuticorin, which had been abandoned by the rebels, and the rest OoIohaI Agnew xnarolieB to Banmad. Killed. Woanded. Total. l^aVIku V ••• ••• ••. ••• Artillery ••• ••• ••« ••• Detaohment H.M.'s 74th regiment H.M.'fl 77th regiment lot battalion 8rd regiment let do. 4th do. let do. 7th do. Ist do. 9th do. ... let do. 13th do. iBt do. 14th do. Malay corps ••• ... ••• Pioneers ••• •>• ••• •!• 2 •• • 6 14 8 2 2 2 8 1 Total ... 84 12 4 14 89 * 16 *16 6 11 12 6 12 6 162 14 4 19 68 18 16 6 18 14 7 16 7 186 • QgicerB indnded abovi* Killed. — Lientenant Gilchrist 74th ; Lieutenants Campbell and Spalding, 77th. Wonnded. — ^Lientenant Oampbell 74th ; Lientenant Blacker 1st oaralry ; Lieutenants Birch and Fraser* 1st battalion 4th ; and Oaptain Whitlie Malay corps. • Died on the 86th. HISTOBT Of THB UADBAS ABKY. 46 of the force matched towards Bamnad on the 26th. By GHAP. XTI. tiiis moyement Colonel Agnew expected to be famished with supplies from the friendly district in his rear while * he shonld be engaged ?nth the Polygars of Sheragunga, whoin he intended to attack from the eastern side of the foreat between Sermyial and Galiarcoil. On the 29th the fort at Oomery, then invested by the insurgents from Belief of Sbevagonga, was relieyed by the 1st battalion 8rd, and a ^^^^'y* detachment 2nd battalion 6th under Major Gray of the latter. The garrison of revenue peons having been replaced by a company of the 3rd under Lieutenant Greaves^ the force proceeded towards Bamnad. Colonel Agnew halted at Trippawanum^ from whence he Colonel sent his heavy guns to Madura, and then resumed his ^^^^j march. The rebels, taking advantage of the many <»tbem«roh. facilities for attack^ with little risk to themselves^ which were afforded by the nature of the country on the line « of march, harassed the detachment a good deal, more especially near Tripulchetty on the 7th, and between Manamadura and Patinoor on the 10th June. Our loss on the 7th, which amounted to 14 killed ^ and Casualties. 81 wounded, was owing either to over-forwardness or misapprehension of orders on the part of Major Gray, who formed his men in front of a bank, instead of behind it as had been directed. The loss' on the 10th was caused by want of precau- tion on the part of the .officer commanding the rear guard, who neglected to take up a proper position to cover the passage of the river Vigay, 1 Q/ieen hilled and wrnnded, 7ih J«m ISOl.^lst battalion Srtl» Lieatenaiit Stewart wounded i 2&d battalion Cth, Major Qray kilted i itenants Parminter and Oole wounded. * Killed 6, wounded 70, miMing 8. 46 HISTORY or THl MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XYI. Colonel Agnew retnms-to Betadhmeat under Colonel Innea. Atteokedat Manapa- oherry. Colonel Innea afc Kattam. Joins Colonel Agnew. Colonel Agnew^ on amving at Bamnad about the middle of June, found the northern part of the district in revolt, and that he could not hope to be supplied with proyisions. In these circumstances he was compelled to change his plan of operations, and therefore marched to Madura, which he reached on the 4th July. Lieutenant-Colonel Innes,^ commanding in Dindigul, having been directed to co-c^erate with the troops in Shevagunga, arrived at Nuttum early in June, and on the 18th he surprised and cut up a party of the rebels at Sing^umpadaree, about three miles south of the fort at Perah Mally. He then encamped at Manapacherry, between Nuttum and Perah Mally, for the purpose of covering the advance of certain reinforcements expected from Trichinopoly. On the 8th he was attacked by the rebels in force, who drove in his outposts, but they were soon repulsed, and having been charged by the detach- ment of the 5th cavalry supported by the infantry, they dispersed, losing a number of men. The casualties in the cavalry '.were serious considering the small number engaged. Colonel Innes returned to Nuttum on the 9th, and was joined at that place a few days afterwards by the flank companies of the regiment DeMeuron, the 2nd battalion 12th regiment native infantry, and a strong detachment of pioneers. Colonel Agnew marched from Madura on the 22nd July, and reached Tricatoor on the 24th without opposi- tion. Colonel Innes left Nuttum on. the 23rd, and after having reconnoitered the fort at Perah Mally, he proceeded to join Colonel Agnew. On the 25th he encamped at ^ Detachment 5tli oayaliy, detadiment 12th foot, detachment JBnd battalion 18th natire infantry, detachments artillery and pioneen. ' 14 men killed, 3 men wounded, 8 horaea kiUed, 8 hones wounded. HISTORY OF TH8 MADRAS ABMT. 47 * Suttasingaraooitah^ about 6 miles from Tricatoor, and CHAP. ZYI. resumed his march on the 26th. The country was close "~*~ and difficult, and the Colonel was attacked ^ by the rebels^ who hi(d occupied some strong positions in his fronts and when driven from these they turned upon his rear. Colonel Agnew, hearing the firings moved out in support^ and on his approach the insurgents retired. On the 28th the united detachments ^ marched to Ookoor^ and from thence to the neighbourhood of Serruvial/ where they encamped on the 29th after having been fired upon during nearly the whole day. On the 30th the place was abandoned by the Polygars after firing a few shots. From the 31st July until the 1st September^ the force Failnre to was employed in endeavouring to penetrate the dense ooUfrom forest between the camp and the fort at Caliarcoil, the S®"^'^**** principal stronghold of the rebels^ situated about five miles direct south of Serruvial ; but the difficulties were found insurmountable^ and the attempt was given up after the completion of a road about four miles in length, which had been effected by the labor of the pioneers^ ' Oasnalties in the detaohment under Colonel Innes, 26th June 1801 : Killed. Wounded. Missing. Cavalry ... ... ... 1 ... 4 horses wounded. Bnropean jnfuitry 4 10 Native do. ... 2 18 1 6 24 1 Captain Heitland, pioneers, and Lieutenant Firth, H.H.'8 12th foot, wounded. 'It appears incidentally from the correspondenoe, that a detaohment of the Bootoh Brigade was present during the operations in the forest between Semmal and Caliarcoil, but no particulars regarding it hare been found. * Sherewele in the old maps. An extensive village, which contained the palace of the Murdoos. Colonel Agnew's return of the loss on the 894h has not. been found. Colonel Welsh, in his reminiscences, gives it as 10 Bnropeans and 26 natives killed and wounded. 48 HISTOBT OV THB MABBAS ABXT. CHAP. XVI. assiflted by a large number of woodcutters from Dindi- gul and Poodoocottab. The communications having been cut o£F^ only three ^ letters from Colonel Agnew between the end of July^ and the 6th September are forthcomings so that there is little information to be found regarding his proceedings during that time, beyond the &ct of the failure. On the night of the 5th August the rebels threw up an entrenchment across the road^ and in driving them out on the Gth, 37 Europeans ' and 25 natives were killed and wounded. The following extracts from a letter written from Serruvial by Colonel Agnew on the 21st August will give some idea of the nature of the service : — ** Daily attempts have since been made to cut roads to the flank of the enemy's position, but, I am sorry to add, without success. Covered by banks and entreuchments against which the troops cannot advance from the thickness of the jungle, the enemy has baffled every attempt which has been made to penetrate further : the pioneers being tmable to work under the fire brought against them by the rebels from situations of perfect security. Repeated failures have dispirited the troops, although they have not suffered any considerable loss, and I do not entertain an expectation of success on this line of attack." '' Constant exposure to the sun, and considerable &tigue, has produced much sickness in the detachment. A great proportion of the officers are at present unfit for duty." 1 Of these, two are on slips of paper about 8 inches long and 1 inch broad, supposed to have been conveyed in quills. * Oaptain Macintosh, 77th, and Lieutenant B. Campbell, 74th, were wounded on this occasion. A general roll of casualties during the operations in the forest was forwarded by Colonel Agnew, but is not to be found. HISTORY OF THI UADSJlS ABUT. 49 Colonel Agnew left Serruyial on the 2nd September CHAP. xn. for Ookoor, where he arrived the same day without coiond" opposition, and established his head-quarters. The ^®^** detachment under Colonel Innes was located at Shola- poomm^ about three miles south of Ookoor. Government having determined to reinstate one of the inangoraUon Shevagunga family in possession of that zemindary, they ZemindAr of fixed upon Moottoo Vadaganadha Taver, and on the 12th ^^^^e^'^e^ September he was duly inaugurated by Colonel Agnew in camp at Sholapoorum. On the 18th the fort at Perah Mally was taken posses- Oapinre of sion of by a small detachment^ under Colonel Agnew, who ^' then returned to Ookoor, leaving a detachment of the 1st battaUon 7th in the fort. The fort at Comery was invested by the rebels on the inveBtment 21st July. They did all in their power to induce the sepoys to desert, and having enticed Lieutenant G-reaves to the walls by a flag of truce, they fired at him, but without doing any mischief. No assistance was received firom Colonel Agnew, as the communications had been cut ofE, but on the 13th August the place was relieved by Belief of Lieutenant Millar, with a detachment of the Ranmad ^^^^^' loca] corps, who, although greatly out-numbered by the rebels, attacked them without hesitation, and Lieutenant Greaves sallying from the lort at the same time, the enemy were defeated. Lieutenants Greaves and Millar received the thanks of Government for their conduct. About the end of the xhonth Colonel Agnew, having Capture of received information which led him to believe he might ^*"""^ surprise the rebels at Caliarcoil, made the following arrangements for a combined movement upon that place. Lieutenant-Colonel Spry with H.M.'s 77th, and the 2nd ' A party of the Ist oayalry under Majoir Doveton, and detaohments of the let battalion 3rd, and Ist battaUon 7th N.I. VOL. HI. 7 50 HISTOBT OT THE KADBAS ARVT. OHAP. XVI. battalion 6th regiment, amounting to abont 1^000 men^ with 50 pioneers, marched from Ookoor abont 10 p.m. on the SOth September in order to reach Galiarcoil by the road which liad been cnt through the forest from Serruviali and afterwards by a path^ the existence of which had been communicated by a Mahomedan ^ who had formerly been an officer in our cavalry. Colonel Agnew, with the centre party^ set out before daylight on the Ist October by the main road leading to Galiarcoil through Moottoor. Colonel Innes marched from Sholapo6rum about the same time by Kerranoor and Calangoody. ThiA operation was completely successful. The fort at CaUarcoil* was in Colonel Spry's possession by 8 a.m. on the Ist^ and Colonel Agnew occupied Moottoor after a trifling resistance. The march of Colonel Innes was opposed at several barriers^ but the rebels were quickly driven from them^ and the detachment reached Calan- goody without loss« At one barrier alone^ and at an adjacent tank, the enemy left 100 men killed. Insiirreotion This was the death-blow to the insurrection^ and the ^"* rebels dispersed in every direction immediately after- wards. One body under the Polygars of Panjalamcoorchy, estimated at about 600 men, entered Dindignl and endeavoured to collect adherents in the hills near Veera- patchy, but being pressed by a detachment under Colonel Innes, they separated, and the leaders were captured soon afterwards by the peons of the Collector. By the 1 Mahomed Khaleel. He was taken at Brathwaite's defeat in 1782, effected his esoape, and afterwards served nntil the close of the war in 1784. He was rewaxded for his services on this occasion by a pension of 20 pagodas a month. ' Twenty-eight gxms and swivels, 14^000 cartridges and a few military stores were found in the fort. A quantity of gunpowder was subsequently discovered in different parts of the forest. HISTOBT OT THl MADRAS ABMT. 51 end of ihe months the two Mardoos» their sons, .and CHAP. xvi. principal followers^ aa well as the Chiefs of Panjalam- coorchy, had all been taken^ and ezecatedj with the exception of afew^ who were deported to Prince of Wales Island. Early in November Colonel Agnew marched for Palam- Breaking np cottah by Panjalamcoorchy to make arrangements for ^^ *^* '®"** the destmction of the forts, and the disarming of the population. H.M/s 77th, the detachment H.M.'s 74th, and the 1st cavalry were sent to Trichinopoly, and the Feat of the force to the stations from whence they had come. The 2nd cavalry recently from Trichinopoly, together with the 2nd battalion 6th, and the 1st battalion 8rd, were to remain in Tinnevelly nnder Major Sheppard, appointed to command in that district. The 2nd batta- lion 12th, the detachment 1st of 7th, and the five com- panies of the Malay corps, were left in Shevagunga and Bamnad nnder Major Lindsay of the 7th. The destmction of the forts was completed early in Destmcfcion March 1802, and the officers commanding were directed ^2.^ ^'^ to cause the sites to be visited at certain regular intervals* by European officers. The general disarming ^ of the population was completed about the same time, and Colonel Agnew left P^lamcottah on the 7th March on his return to Madras. The following is an extract from tha General Order issued by Government on the suppression of the rebellion r-— ' Vide List ol Arma, Appendix A. ThiB list, one item of wbioh Is 85,978 piket, was signed at Palamoottah bj Colonel Agnew on the 7th Msroh 1808. It is enoneonsly stated by Welsh that Agnew left the force in Oetober 1801, making oyer the oommand to Major Maoanlay. In liay 1818, the Oonrt of Directors, at the instanoe of the Secretary of State for the War Department, wrote to the Goyemment of Madras /lor 80,000 Folygar pikes of the best qnaUty ior the use of His Majesty 's forces. 52 HISTOBT OF THB KADBAS ABMT. OHAP. XVI. " P<^ Si. Oeorge, 22fu2 February 1802. Thanks to " ^® whole coorae of operations connected with that ser- tha troopa. yice lu^g {^een distinguished by a spirit of animated bravery, and persevering exertion, which has merited the warmest approbation of the Governor in Oonncil, and His Lordship in Ck)Qnoil on bestowing npon the officers and troops the applause due to their conduct, reflects with the greatest satiafoction on the advantages which have been derived to the public inter- ests by the suppression of a confederacy which threatened the most injurious consequences to the tranquillity of the British possessions.'* ExPSDiTiON TO Egtpt^ 1801-2. A detachment of the 2nd battalion artillery, and one of pioneers, accompanied the expedition to Egypt under Major-General Baird in 1801. The force arrived at Bosetta on the 31st August, and reached General Hutchinson's camp in time to witness fhe surrender of Alexandria on the 2nd September. It left Alexandria on tjie 7th May 1802 on its return to 'India, and in July of that year it was thanked by the Gt>vemor-General in Council, who, at the same time, was pleased to order that medals should be conferred on all the native troops which had been employed upon the expedition. The Boyal troops having been granted the privilege of bearing the '' Sphinx'' with the word '' Egypt " on their colors and appointments, the Com- pany's troops were subsequently allowed to participate in that honor. Tbsaty of Amisns, 1802. Intelligence of the Treaty of Peace between Great Britain and France, Spaing and the Batavian Bepublio, which was signed at Amiens on the 27th March 1802, HI8T0BY OF THE KADSAS ABMT. 53 having been received at Madras^ it was pnblislied to the CHAP. XTI. Army on the 4th September. FlKAL OPBRATtONS IH BuLLUMy 1802* The Bajah of Ballum re-occupied his position at Arra- kaira immediately after the departore of Colonel Mon- tresor's detachment in Jnne 1800, and recommenced his predatory incursions. The operations against Dhoondiah^ those in Malabar and Wynaadj and in the Ceded Districts, prevented Government from taking any notice of his conduct until January 1802, when Colonel Wellesley marched against him from Seringapatam. On arriving in the neighbourhood of Arrakaira he divided his own infantry into three parties for the attack of the stockaded posts in the forest, and placed that of the Mysore Bajah so as to cut off the retreat of the enemy towards the ghauts. The cavalry, under Lieutenant-Colonel Macalister, occupied all the open ground. The attack was made at 10 a.m. on the 16th by the Xlbptnre of three * divisions, via., one under Lieutenant-Colonel A. ^''**^**^ Cuppage, 1st 'battalion 6th regiment; one under Major English, 2nd battalion 10th regiment; and one under Lieutenant-Colonel Spry, H.M.'s 77th foot. Each party was successful, and all the posts in the forest were carried with trifling loss. Colonel Wellesley, and ^ Bigfat attack under Lieutenant-Colonel Spry. — ^H.M.'8 19th dragoons, detachment of artillery, detaohmentd H.M.'8 77th, and regiment De Mesron, let battalion let regiment, let battation S^d regiment, and a party of pioneera. Centre attaok nnder Lieutenant-Colonel Cuppage. — Oetaohments 5th cavalry, artillery, H.M.'8 77th and regiment De Menron, the let battalion 5th regiment, and a party of pioneers. Left attack under liajor Bnglislu^DetadhmentB H.H.'s 77th, and regiment De Meuron, 2nd battalion 10th regiment, and a pctfty of pioneers. 64 HISTORY OF TSI XADBAS ABMT. CHAP. XTT. the officers and men employed on this service received the thanks of Government^ conveyed in an order dated 16th March. A detaehment was left at Arrakaira while Colonel Wellesley proceeded towards the Bissli Ghaut to destroy other strongholds which the Rajah was reported to possess in that direction, and also to open roads down the several passes leading into Canara. ExecaUon of The Bajah was captured on the 9th Febmary, and ^ ' ezecnted the next day, together with six of his followers, after which Colonel Wellesley broke up his detachment, and marched on his return to Seringapatam, having first made the following arrangements for the occupation of Bullum, and certain adjoining districts of the Mysore territory. Arrttiigemeiita Five companies. 1st battalion 5th, three companies 2nd ^e ^r^. battalion 10th, two guns, and a detachment of pioneers were left at Arrakaira, under Captain Macf arlane of the ^ 5th, for the purpose of making a road down the Sissul Ghaut, constructing defensible posts at the heads of the Sissuly^ Bissli, and Sampaji Ghauts, clearing the jungle, and destroying the stockades, and filling up the ditches by which the villages were surrounded. Major English, with seven companies 2nd battalion 10th, and five companies 1st battalion 5th, with two guns, and a party of pioneers, was to encamp at Belloor ' in order to support the authority of the Mysore Bajah in that district, and in those of Oostara and Maharajdroog. .The inhabitants were to be disarmed, roads were to be made, and the fortified villages dismantled as in Bullum. * These ghantg lead down into Ganftn, the BUusul or Oioiny being the northernmost. * Ooatara, Belloor, and llaharajdroog bound Ballom on the east. HISTOBT or THS MADRAS ABMT. 55 Insurrkctiok in Wynaad, 1802. CHAP, xvi. On iihe llth October 1802 the post at Panamnrtha^ Surprise of Cottah in Wynaad was surprised by a body of Nairs^ Cottah. • about 400 in number^ divided into three parties, one of which seissed the barrack in which the arms were kept, and another attacked the sepoys, while the third surrounded the houses of the officers. The detachment consisted of about 70 men of the 1st battalion 4th Bombay regiment, with two European officers. Both of these, viz.. Captain Dickinson and Lieutenant Maxwell, were killed. Twenty-four sepoys shared the same fate, and twenty-one were wounded* All the buildings were set on Bre and destroyed. The head- quarters, and about 360 men of this battalion were at Poolingall, about nine miles west of Panamurtha Cottah, inactivity of but the Major in command neither moyed from his post ^^[^^fa * nor took any steps for the security of the district. This t^® Wynaad. was not the only instance of such inactivity, for Colonel Welledey, when writing on the 20th to the officer com- manding the Bombay troops in Malabar, animadverted upon the general want of energy on the part of the officers, and went on as follows :— " I beg that you will urge the officers to active measures. Let them put their troops in camp forthwith, excepting the number of men that may be absolutely necessary for the defence of the small posts against surprise- If the rebels are really in force, let a junction be formed, and then not a moment lost in dashing at them, whatever may be their force." At this time there were no Madras troops either in Madifs Wynaad or Malabar, but the Ist-battalion 8th regiment, ^J^SIX**' under Captain Oumell, with a party of pioneers, and ^ In North Wynaad, about 7 miles aonth-eaat of Manantoddy. 66 HI8T0BT or THS HADBAS ABUT. CHAP. XTI. Theltt battalion 8tk relieves Manantft' waddy. Skirmiflhat SangaloOi 200 Mysore horse, was ordered from Seringapatam immediately the disaster became known. Captain Ghimell was directed to enter Wynaad from Kakencottah for the relief of Manantawaddy, and the general support of the Bombay troops in the district. The battalion marched from Elakencottah on the 27th^ and on reaching the frontier at Snngaloo on the Bawally nnllah, it was opposed •by a body of Nairs who had occupied an old stockade. Captain Gumell passed the nullah on both flanks of the stockade under cover of the fire of a third party, and carried it without loss ; the Nairs suffered considerably. The next day he marched 17 miles to Manantawaddy, and reached that place with trifling^ loss, although opposed nearly the whole way. On the 30th, fiye companies of the 8th returned to Snngaloo as an escort to the Mysore horse, which were sent back as being useless in so wet a country. A few days later. Captain Gnmell was ordered to construct a stockade for one company at Snngaloo, and two similar stockades between that place and Mananta- waddy. The main body of the battalion was to keep moving in the neighbourhood of Snngaloo, and to attack the insurgents wherever they could be found. These arrangements produced so much effect ' that Colonel Wellesley halted a detachment of H.M.'s 33rd, and the 1st battalion 14rth N.I., which were moving towards the Wynaad as a further support. About the 12th November a smart skirmish took place between a detachment of the 8th and the Nairs near ^ Fiye of the Mjsore oayaliy were killed, and seventeen honee wounded. * " Bj the bye, I hear that sinoe Major Dmmmond has been released from Kyde (t.6., from being shut np in his post at Pnllingal) he says that the insurrection is nothing at all/'— Colonel Wellesley, to Major McLeod, 8rd Noyember 1802. mstOBT Of t&I MADRAS ARITT. 57 Simgaloo, thxLB described by Colonel Wellesley in a CHAP, report to the Gommander-in- Chief : — *' Since I wrote to you on the 9tli instant, a detachment of the 1st battalion 8th regiment has had a smart action with the Nairs in Wynaad, in which they sustained a considerable loss. They had marched to Manantawaddy with a despatch to Lientenant-Golonel Lawrence, and on their return . were attacked near a* swamp at which the battalion had been hard pressed heretofore. The Nairs took advantage of a nullah which was impassable, across which tbey fired at them, and killed nine and wounded eighteen. The officer in command of the battaEon, however, at Sungaloo, sent out three com- panies to the support of the other detachment, and the Nairs were driven off with considerable loss. Many of those on this side of the nullah were put to death in the road. By all accounts the troops behaved remarkably well on this occa* sion." Intelligence having been receiyed about this time of Uadraa the defeat of the armies of the Peshwah and of Scindiah^ wioSIrawn by that of Holkar at Poonah, it became necessary to ^f^^^ assemble a strong force on the Toombuddra^ in con- aeqnenoe of which orders were issued for the withdrawal of the Madras troops in the Wynaad. . Affairs in Malabar, 1802-3. On the 30th October 1802, Colonel John Montresor, H.M/s 80th regiment, was appointed to the command in Malabar and Canara, which had been temporarily held by Lieutenant-Colonel Boles of the Bombay Army since the departure of Colonel Stevenson, who had been nomi« nated in February to the command of the Subsidiary Force at Hyderabad in enccession to Colonel Urban Vigors. The disturbances in the Wynaad spread into Malabar early in 1803, and as Colonel Montresor made a special application for a Madras battalion, the 2nd of the 1st was VOL. III. 8 58 HISTORT OF THI MADRAS ARHT. Can8« of the rebellion in Wynaad. CHAP. XTI. ordered into the Wynaad from Erode in Febmary to supply the place of the Ist of the 8th, which had been selected ^ by Major-G^eral ^ Wellesley for field service in the Mahratta country. General Wellesley, when writing to Colonel Montresor on the 27th December 1802, expressed the following opinion regarding the disturbances in the, Wynaad :— " I don*t belieye that the disturbances in the Wynaad are to be attributed to extortion on the part of the revenue officers. They appear to have commenced by an accidental murder, and riot, after which the party proceeded to surprise the poflt at Panamurta Oottah, and murder the officers, and then finding that the troops did nothing to defend themselves, or to revenge the murder of their comrades, Goongan Nair, who was at the head of the insurrection, issued a proclamation calling upon the inhabitants to meet him on a certain day at a pagoda not far firom Mauantawaddy, another of our posts. They met there to the unmber of 5,000, and have been in rebellion ever since." ** Upon the whole I am indnc^d to believe that accident alone was the original cause of an insurrection which has grown to be a rebellion from the subsequent inactivity of the troojw." > ** It is neoessary that I shoold apprise you that the Ist of the 8th, one of the oorpe wluch I haye pitched upon for field serFioe, is remark- ably sickly at present, having brought nearly 800 sick from the Wynaad and I don't believe they will leave less than 200 siok at this place at the time we shall march. I have pre f erred to take this corps to the field to either of the others abovementioned, first, because I know it is a good corps, which has seen much service, and, secondly, because it has been in the Hahratta territory before, which you may find an advan- tage.'* — Major-General Wellesley to the Commander-in-Chief, dated 8eringapatam, 13th January 1803. ' Promoted 27th November 1802. HI8T0BT OV THB MADRAS ABVY. 69 HaHKATTA A.FFAIB8, 1802-3. CHAP. XYI. The dominions formerly constituting the Mahratta Empire had^ for many years previons to this period^ been divided into five separate independent states, which^ in 1802, were governed by the undermentioned chiefs, viz. : — Bajee Row, the Peshwah, who resided at Poonah, and The PeahwaJi. ruled over the Southern Mahratta couutry, Sattarah, and the Goncan, in the name of the Rajah of Sattarah, the nominal sovereign of the Mahrattas, who lived at Sattarah under surveillance, if not in a state of actual imprison- ment. Ragojee Bhonslah, Rajah of Berar, residing at Nag- Bajah of pore m Gondwana. Dowlut Rov7 Scindiah, residing at Oojein in Malwah» Sdndiah. and possessing Gandeish and half of Malwah. Jeswunt Row Holkar, residing at Indore, possessing HoUar. half of BCalwah. This chief ruled ostensibly in behalf of his nephew Khundah Row. The Gnickwar ruling in Ouzerat. Gkdckwar. Scindiah, who was ambitious of becoming the head of Defeat of the the Mahratta Empire, had, with a view towards that end, q^^^^ ^ succeeded in obtaimng complete ascendancy over the Holkar, councils of the Peshwah, and on the 14th October 1801, he advanced his prospects by inflicting a severe defeat upon Holkar, his principal rival; but having neglected to follow up this victory, Holkar reassembled an army, laid waste Gandeish, and defeated the combined armies of Scindiah and the Peshwah under the walls of Poonah on the 25th October 1802. The Peshwah fled into the Concan, and shortly afterwards embarked for Bassein, where he landed on the 6th December, and immediately made overtures* to the British.. 60 nSTOBT Of THI MADRAS ABMT. OHAP. ZVL The resalt was the treaty of Bassein concloded on the Xrett^^ 31st Deoember^ the principal stipulations of which were BaflMin. as follows, via.:— That a permanent subsidiary force of not less than 6,000 regular native infantry^ with the usual proportion of field pieces and European artillery- men, and a proper equipment of warlike stores and ammunition, should be stationed in His Highness' domi- nions ; and that for the regular payment of this force, territory, the annual revenue of which was estimated at 26 lakhs of rupees, should be ceded to the Company in perpetuity. All the forts in the ceded territory were to be made over, together with their equipment of ordnance, stores, and provisions. It was subsequently agreed that a regiment of native cavalry should be added to the force, and paid for by a further cession of territory. AdVANCB F&OM HOBRTHtJR, 1803. In the meantime, an army, amounting to 19,798 regular * troops, was being assembled at Hurryhur on the north- west frontier of Mysore, for the protection of the Com- pany's territories, and the eventual establishment of the subsidiary force at Poonah;but in conformity with instructions subsequently received from the Qovemor- Oeneral, the troops destined to advance into the Mahratta country were limited to 10,617^ men under the command of 1 Cavalry BrigaiiB, — OoUmel ThomoB DoUos, 4tfc etuvaUy, H.M.'i 19th dragoons 412, 4th oavalry 438, 6th oanUrj 481, 7th oaTalrj 488. First Infan:try Brigade,— Lieut,- Colonel HoimesB, H.M,*s BOtXfoot Scotch brigade 1«018, let battalion 8nd rogimeat 1,006^ 2nd battalion 8rd regiment 998, 2nd battatioii 12th regiment 1,000. Second Infantry Brigade,^IA9%U,'Colonel Wattaee,H,M:t lHh, H.M.'8 74th regiment 754, Ist battalion 8rd regiment 1,109, Iflt battalion 8th regiment 997, 2nd battalion 18th regiment 1,014< Artillery 108» gnn lasoars 206, pioneers 704. Eoropeana 2,287, natives 8^880, total 10,617« HTfiTOBT or THE MADRAS ABKT. 61 Major-General ^ WeUesley, to be supported by the Hyder- CHAP. XYL abad Subsidiary Force under Colonel Stevenson, which was ordered to Ferindah on the western frontier of the Nizam's dominions, there to remain pending instructions from the General. The General marched from Hurryhnr on the 9th March Belief of Poonalu 1808, and crossed the Toombuddra into the Mahratta territory on the ISth. On the Slst he crossed the Eistna at Eroor, and halted there for two days. On the 13th April he reached Akloos on the river Neera, and, while halted there on the 15th, he detached the ** Scotch Brigade'' ' to join Colonel Stevenson's division,' which had moved from Perindah, and ?^as encamped near Nur* Bingpoor at the junction of the rivers Beemah and Neera, about two ordinary marches from General Wellesley's camp. On the 16th the General resumed his march towards Poonah, having directed Colonel Stevenson to move up the left bank of the Beemah, and to take up a 1 Od the 4ih April 1803 the Goyeraor>6eneral dixeoted that the command of Myeore should be retained hy General Wellealej daring hie fkhsenoe on eervioe. This was in oonseqnenoe of a representation made bj the General to the elTeot that he ooold not otherwise make oertain of reoeiving the necessary snppUee for his army. * The '* Sootoh Brigade** was numbered the 94ith regiment of fbot early in 1808» bat the order was not published in Madras until September. * Cavalry Brigad$.'^L%&iU,'Oolon$l the Hon*hU A. Smitleg^r, 6th eamatry* Srd regiment eaTslry 610, Sth regiment oaralry 602. Firtt Infantry Br%0Qde.^Lient'Col»nat MacUan, 2nd hattn, ith r^t N.L Snd battalion Snd re^pment 1^6^ 1st battalion fith regunent 1,288, 2nd battalion 9th reghnent 1,286. \. fSeotmd It^mUry Brigada.^LUitl..Ool, BaUhurUmy 2nd haUn. 7ih rigi. N. L 2nd battalion 7th regiment 1,280, 1st battalion 11th regiment 1,008; 2nd battaUoD 11th regiment 1,086. Artillery 168, gun lasears 810, two companies of pioneers 206. Europeans (inolndang Sootoh Brigade) 1»181, natives 8»716. total 9,897. Au»iiUafy tro9p$ aUaehtd und^r Cclon$l SUvenaof^B eemmand, Nizam's hone 7,000, Nisam's infantry 6,000, Kisam's artillery 40 guns. 62 HISTORY OP THK MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XVI. The Peshwah retnriiB to Poonah. General Wellealey marohes to the north- east. Galls njx>n the oonfeder* ate chiefs to retire. position on that river between Poonah and Qardoon. On the 18th, when in camp near Baramatty^ the General reoeived intelligence that it was the intention of Amrot Row, the brother of Holkar, who had been left in charge of Poonah since the battle of the 25th October 1802, to set fire to the town as soon as the British troops should arrive in the neighbourhood. In order to prevent this, Oeneral Wellesley set out on the night of the 19th with the cavalry, and the 2nd battalion 12th regiment N.I., and reached Poonah at 2 p.k. on the 20th, after a forced march of above 40 miles, in time to save it from the flames. The road down the little Bhore Ghaut was so bad that six hours were occupied in getting through, and several of the tumbrils attached to the cavalry had to be left behind. Colonel McLeod, with the 2nd battalion 12th regiment, was ordered to halt at Loonee near the foot of the ghaut, and to rejoin the General the next day. The remainder of the force did not reach Poonah until the 22nd. On the 13th May the Peshwah returned to his capital, escorted by the 78th foot, five companies of the 84th, and a battalion of Bombay sepoys, all under Colonel Murray of the 84th regiment. On the 4th June General Wellesley marched towards the Godavery in order to watch the armies of Scindiah, and the Rajah of Berar, which had been assembled near Boorhanpoor ^ with the supposed intention of invading the territory of the Nizam. He took with him the 78th foot in exchange for the 2nd battalion 8rd regiment which was left at Poonah. On the 14th July it was ascertained that the two confederate chiefs were advancing towards the Adjuntah ' The ancient oapital of Candeish, on the northern bank of the river Tap tee, about 70 miles from Adjuntah on the Nizam'i northern frontier. HISTORY 07 THE KABBAS ARMY. 63 Ghaut^ in consequence of which (General Wellesley wrote OHAP. XVI. to the effect that unless the Bajah of Berar should immediately return to his capital at Nagpoor, and Scindiah reoross the Nerbuddah, their want of compliance would be treated as a declaration of war. Colonel Stevenson^ then encamped near Aurungabad, was directed to be prepared to' oppose Scindiah's ascent into the -Nizam's country by the Adjuntah Ghaut should he attempt it. On the 18th the General receired a despatch from inyested with Calcutta^ dated 26th June^ by which he was empowered ^^^^ to assume^ and exercise, the general direction and control of all the political and military affairs of the British Gh>Temment in the territories of the Nizam, of the Peshwah, and of the Mahratta states and chiefs. He was also invested with the power of negotiating and concluding treaties. In the meantime he had advanced towards Ahmed- Encamps nuggur, and while encamped about six miles from the nnggnr. city on the 8rd August, he reeeived replies from the confederate chie& to the effect that, provided the British troops near Aurungabad, those under theinmae- diate command of General Wellesley, and those in the Baichoor^ Doab, wovld all return to their respective stations at Hyderabad, Seringapatam, and Madras, they, Scindiah and Bagojee Bhonslah, would retire towards Boorhanpoor. Upon this the General determined to attack Ahmed- nuggur at once, and he sent orders to the officer com- 1 Cbrp« 0/ ob9€rvati*of 300 men was sent from the European regiment to meet this augmentation* The establishment of a company was fixed at — 1 Captain. 1 Captain-Lieutenant- 2 Lieutenants. 1 Lieutenant-Fire- worker. 5 Serjeants. 5 Corporals. 10 Ounuers. 2 Drummers. 70 MatroBses. On the 31st December it was ordered that the artillery Increase should receive an addition to their pay equal to that ^ ^^' which had been made to the European infantry under the provisions of the Boyal Warrant of 1797. The company of native artillery, which had been Bednctionof raised at Madras shortly before the commencement of oompany, the wftr of 1799, was reduced on the 17th March 1802, ^^^' 72 HISTOBT Of THI MADAAB ABMT. j^ugmenta* tioQ of the Eniopean artiUsiy. 1 Oaptain. 1 Captain-Lientenaiit. 2 LientenantB. 2 Lieutenant-Fire- workers. OHAF. XVI. and on the same day an order was published directing that each battalion of artillery should consist of seyen companies instead of five^ and that the establishment of each company should consist of ^- 5 Serjeants. 5 Oorporals. 10 Gunners. 2 Drummers and Tif ers- 80 Matrosses. During April of the same year the number of gun lascars was reduced from 56 to 45 per company. On the 21st March 1803, the Commander-in-Chief found it necessary to address Government regarding the condition of the corps^ which he did in the following words : — ** That yaluable corps, from a want of recruits, has become weak and inefficient; and should the supply of recruits con- tinue to be so inadequate to its demands, the army, in a very short period of time, will be destitute of artillery. I trust that your Lordship will represent this droumstance, and its consequences to the Houorable the Court of Directors* It must have hitherto escaped their notice ; for I cannot sup- pose that the Honorable Court would otherwise allow a corpSi which has always done credit to their army, and. whose services are essential to its success, to be reduced to a half of its proper establishment.'' Bodiiotiofi of gnnlasoan. IneffloidiLt state of the regiment) 1808. HI8T0BT or THS MADBAS ABMT. 73 CHAP. XVI. EuBOPXAN Ikvantbt^ 1799-1803. ; During September 1799, tlie office of Military Secre- MiUtary tary to the Governor was created, and Captain Mark f^ Oovmor^ Wilks was appointed thereto. The salary was that of an ^^^' Aide-de-Camp, with an allowance of 40 pagodas per mensem for clerks. Daring the same month Lientenant-Colonel Close was Adjutant* appointed Resident in Mysore, and was succeeded as ^°^^- Adjutant-General by Lieutenant-Colonel P. A. Agnew. On the 5th Noyember orders were issued for organis- Beorganisa- ing the European infantry in conformity with instruc- suzopean tions contained in a letter from the Court of Directors, in<^vemor in Council to promote the Cadets on this establishment to the vacant commissions in the corps for which they are ' 68 in nnmber. • * The Cadet company was remoyed to TripasBoor in Norember 1802, and to Cnddalore about the middle of 1806. HI8T0BY or THl MADRAS ARMY. 79 respeoiiyely destined, when Captain Armstrong shall report CHAP. XVI. them qualified to aot as officers ; they are permitted to draw the pay and allowances of Lieutenants from this date. *' Oaptain A.rm8tTong is permitted to draw, so long as he shall oontinae to command the company of Oadets, the pay and allowances of a M%jor of Infantry, instead of those of his own rank." *' Head'Quartera, Choultry Plain, 2Uh My 1800. ^ 0.0. by MajoT'Oeneral BraihwaUe. ^' As directed hy the Gbvernment orders of the 15th instant, the Cadets of Infantry lately arrived are formed into a company to he denominated the * Cadet Company/ which is to he mustered, paid, and returned as such, and to be commanded by Oaptain Armstrong of the 16th regiment native infantry. ** The Cadet Company is to be prepared as expeditiously as possible to march from the Presidency to Chingleput, and the necessary indents are to be made upon the arsenal of Fort St. Oeoige for such articles as cannot be supplied at Chingleput, towards completing the company with Europe accoutremetitB, arms, either muskets or fusils, and ammunition both balled and blank, in the proportion allowed by the regulations to a corps t>f infantry for annual practice. *' When reported ready to move, Oaptain Armstrong will be instructed in regi&rd to its camp-equipage." ** The dress of the Cadet Company is established as fol- Umfomi. lows:— " A scarlet jacket made to fit close and to button down the front, with yellow cuffs and collar; three rows of small white metal huttons with twist, the colour of the jacket, down the forepart ; twist also to be substituted for shoulder straps; a round black bat with cockade and red feather; white linen waist-coats and pantaloons, and half-boots ; side bayonet." 80 HI8T0BT or THl MADBA8 ABMT. CHAP. XVI. DreisregQ- latioDB, 1801. Begnlationa for the Gadet Company. Drill. Duty. Timd-ta))le. On the 7th July 1801, regulations on the snbjeot of dress were issued by the Commander-in-Chief, prescribing the color and pattern of the clothing to be worn by each branch of the army. Standards^ colors, and equipments, were all minutely described. On the 11th August rules and regulations for the management of the company of gentlemen Cadets, of which the following is an abstract, were published to the army :— 1. The company to be formed into two sab-divisions, each to be commanded by a European Officer. 2. The Ensigns, Seijeants, and Corporals required for the company to be selected from amongst the cadets. 3. The company to attend drill or parade twice a day. 4. Oenend orders, and the orders of the Cadet Company to be read daily to each sub-division. 5. The articles of war to be read to each cadet on his joining, and to the whole company at evening parade on the first Sunday in each month. 6. '* The instruction at drill will comprehend every part of the rules and regulations for the formations, movements, and field exercise established for His Majesty's forces ; and in addition thereto, the form of mounting and relieving g^nards, pickets, aentinels, &c., as also the modes of performing all other military duties of parade and otherwise.'^ 7. '' A suitable proportion of the Cadet Company shall always compose a part of the detail of the main guard at Chengleput, and from retreat beating till 8 o'clock of the following morning shall famish a certain number of sentinels, viz., at the Commanding Officer's quarters, over the arms, or prisoners of the guard, and at the main gate of ^e fort." 8. '* The cadets shall rise at daybreak, breakfiust at 7 or 8 o'clock according to the season, dine at 2, sup at 8, and retire to rest immediately after. All lights shall be put out at 9 o'clock, and the T>fficer of the day shall be held responsible for HI8T0BT OF THE MADRAS ABHT. 81 an exact and panctnal obfiervance of this order. No cadet, OHAP. XVI. between 9 o'clock at night, and daybreak of the following morning, shall go out of the fort.'' 9. '* A General Mess shall be established for the breakfast, Mess, dinner, and snpper of the Cadet Company. The Captain of the company shall be considered as the President of the Mess, and a Commissioned Officer in tnm as Vice-President. Every individual of the company shall belong to the Mess, and no one shall be absent from it on any other account than sickness. Each person shall appear in the prescribed uniform on all occasipns at the Mess. The utmost decornm in every respect shall be observed, and no meal shall be of longer continuance than an hour, or an hour and a half." 10. " No spirituous liquor, wine, or beer, shall be admit- Liquor, ted into the fort or pettah of Chengleput without the express sanction of the Commanding Officer, nor shall emjk issue of either of these articles be allowed from the Mess between meals, but under the permission of the Commanding Officer, and any native butler, or other person, convicted of selling spirituous liquors, wine, or beer, at Chenglepat, or in its neighbourhood without the license of the Commanding Officer, shall be punished in the most exemplary manner, and turned out of the place." 11. *' Every cadet shall study the Hindustanee language, studies, and for that purpose, as well as of being instructed in the- manner of making out returns, reports, Ac., and of acquiring a knowledge of the rules and regulations of the service by copying the general orders in force ; the port liberty of the Cadet Company shall be stopped daily between the hours of 10 and 12 ; during which time no individual of the company shall be permitted to go out of the fort." 12. ** Divine service shall be performed every Sunday Divine forenoon by the Captain, or other person under his nomination, 8®''^^*'®- at which the company shall attend." 13* *' Except on occasions of taking some manly exercise, Dieas. such as playing at cricket, fives, or other game, no cadet shall VOL. III. 11 82 HXSTOBT OF THE MADRAS ARMY. Leaye. Panishments. CHAP. XYI. appear out of his quarters, otherwise than dressed in the nni- form established for the Cadet Company in the General Order of the 24th April 1800 : the habit of lonnging from quarter to quarter in a white waistcoat is expressly forbid." 14. *^ No leave of absence from Chengleput, even for a day^ shall be granted to any individual belonging to the Cadet Company but by application to head-quartern.*' 15. " Inattention to orders, Delect of duty, and other irregularities will be punished by private, or public, reproof, extra drills, and duties in the first instance : by a privation of port liberty, and seclusion from society by temporary confinement in the second, and by arrest or confinement in the last." " Upon the receipt of this order at Chengleput, it is to be read at three successive evening parades to the Cadet Com- pany." On the 20th of the same month a new code of general regalations and orders, framed upon one recently issued for the guidance of the Boyal troops, was published to the army. Every officer serving in the Presidency was directed to furnish himself with a copy of these regula- tions which consisted of ten separate sections or chapters, viz.: — 1. Rotation of duties. 2. Field. 3. Garrison. 4. Sentries. 5. Mounting of guards. Genera] regalations. 6. Orderly men. 7. Sick officers. 8. Leave of absence. 9. Orders. 10. Casualties. Military bazars, 1802. On the 22nd September 1802 an order wa9 issued for the regulation of military bazars with the view of pre- venting the abuses and oppression which had existed under the old system. The following is an abstract of the order :— I. All officers commanding forts, stations, or cantonments are prohibited, from and after the 1st January 1803, from HISTO&T Of THE KADBAS ARKT. 83 being engaged, directly or indirectly, in levying, receiving, CHAP. XYI. or being concerned in any tax, impost, or receipt from the bazar, or from any article of supply ; or receiving, in any manner whatever, any perqoisite, or emolument of command not expressly authorised by Government. II. .The anthority of officers commanding forts or canton- m^iis, over military basars, or dealers of any description, is hereby expressly limited to the necessary means of preserv- ing peace and order, to the prohibition, within the limits of their command, of the sale of intoxicating drugs and liquors, to the extent that the health and discipline of the troops, may, in their judgment require, and to the punishment of crimes, strictly military, which may be committed by fol- lowers of the army. III. All disputes relative to property, all cases of civil injury, or matters relating to the general police of the coun- try, belong exclusively to the jurisdiction of the civil magis- trate, and military officers shall not interfere therein, ly . Bice, butcher's meat, and all articles of food for the use of the troops, shall be exempt from duties or imposts of any description, except such as may be levied by the authority of the Collector of the district, on the principle which regulates the ordinary collection of the revenue. V. The forcible seizure of sheep is expressly prohibited. VI. Annually, in the month of July, when a statement shall have been received of the amount collected from military bazars under the direction of the Board of Revenue, a com- mittee of officei'S will be appointed to report upon the distri- bution of the funds in conformity with the following rules : — Officers entitled to share shall be divided into three ' Shares of cla«e«. vi.. :- ;«-^„^ *» First Class — Officers commanding Divisions. bazars. Second do* do. Districts. Third do. do. • Garrisons or Canton- ments. * This classifioation was modified by an Order dated 16th October 1804. 84 HISTOBY OF THV MADBAS AEMT. CHAP. XYI. The portion allowed io-offioers of the first class shall be doable the amount allotted to officers of the second, and the portion of officers of the second shall be double the amount allotted to those of the third class. The distribution being approved by the Governor in Coun- cil, shall be published in General Orders to the army, and the payment provided for in the same manner as in a distribution of off-reckonings. HIST0B7 OF TH^ MADRAS ARMT. 85 CHAP. XVI. Native Infaotry, 1799-1808. Daring Angast 1799 a representation regarding the Protracted condition of the Native troops serving at Amboyna and on*fore^ Banda was received by Government from Lieatenant- fl«rvioo, 1799. Colonel HcNeile^ commanding in the Eastern islands. He stated that the 17th battalion had been fonr years on foreign service, and the volunteers from the 11th battalion nearly three years, although at the time of their embarkation the men did not expect to be absent for more than a year. He pointed out their sufferings from the climate, and from want of pay; arrears for 13 months having been due at the date of his report, and he concluded by saying that bad health had " prevailed to so distressing an excess as to have occasioned more instances of insaniiy and suicide than I have before known in the whole course of my service.'' Major-General Brathwaite, then in command at Madras during the absence of General Harris in the field, when forwarding Colonel McNeile's letter to Government, proposed to raise two or more corps of 500 men each for the special purpose of foreign service. This proposal was not adopted, but the Supreme Measuros Government were requested to order the Bengal Marine ^ '^ ^ * battalion to relieve the Madras Native troops, as the acces- sion of territory from the conquest of Mysore rendered it impossible for the Madras Government to spare men for that purpose. Government about the same time' issued the following Family •I j.» X • x-L J- * xi • o©rtifioat68. order as some compensation to the troops for their pro- longed detention on foreign service : — " Q,0,Q,, Fort St George, hth November 1799. '* Until an opportunity sball occur, which the Right Honor- able the Governor in Council now trusts will not be long 86 HISTOBT or THB KADBA8 ABXT. Pensions. Angmen* tation. CHAP. XYI. protracted, for relieving the Native troops now serying at Malacca, Amboyna, and Banda ; ' his Lordship in Goancil is pleased to order and direct, that no dedaction shall be made V from the fiunily certificates of those corps, on account of the casualties which may have happened since their embarkation on that service." " It being the farther intention of the Governor in Council to manifest his sense of the zeal and gallantry of these troops, and to reward their attachment to the Honorable Company, by granting to the families of those who may have died in battle, or otherwise, a pension equal to the regulated pension of the different ranks ; the Commander-in-Chief is requested to order lists to be prepared of the persons constituting the immediate families of the deceased, for the purpose of regulating the payment of the pensions." The troops on the Madras establishment having been found unequal to the duties entailed by the increase of territory on the conquest of Mysore^ an order was issued on the 14th December authorising an augmentation to the extent of three regiments of Native infantry, to be numbered the 15th, 16th and 17th. The 1st battalion 15th regiment was formed from the 3rd extra battalion, and placed under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Oeorge Ure. The 2nd battalion was formed from the ACasulipatam battalion, supplemented by drafts from the Native corps at Amboyna^ the 2nd of the 7kh, the 2nd of the 9th^ and the 1st of the 12th. Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Coke was appointed to command. Colonel Robert Croker became Colonel of the regiment. The 1st battalion 16th regiment was raised at Trichi- nopoly on the 1st January 1800^ the nucleus, to the extent of 860 men of all ranks^ having been furnished from the lat Ist^ 1st 2nd, Ist and 2nd 5th, 1st 6th, 1st 7th, 1st 8th, and 1st 13th. Lieutenant-Colonel Jenne« 16th regi- ment (McLeod's) 29th M.N.I. iSth regi- ment (Crewe's) aOth M.N.I. 16th regi- ment (Jennerett) 8l8t T.L.I. HI8T0&T OF THX MADRAS ARMT. 87 rett^ by whose name the battalion ia still known^ was CHAP xy.I. appointed to command, *"^ The 2nd battalion was raised at Madnra on the Isi l^th regi- January 1800^ the nuoleas being furnished by drafts to 82Dd K.N.I. the extent of 850 men from the 2nd Srd^ Ist and 2nd 4th, 2nd 6th, 1st 7th, 1st 9th, and 2nd 1 8th. Lieutenant- Colonel Dyce was appointed to this battalion, and Colonel Gteorge Fotheringham to command the regiment. The 1st battalion 17th regiment was raised at Guntoor 17th regi- on the same date as the other new battalions, and was (Wahab) formed of drafts from the 2nd 1st, 2ad 2nd, 2nd 5th, 1st ^"^ ^-^-I- 8th, 1st 9th, 1st 10th, 1st and 2nd 11th, and 2nd 12th. Lieutenant-Colonel Kinsey was appointed to command. The 2nd battalion was raised at Chicaoole and formed I7th xegi- of drafts from the 2nd 5th, 2nd 8th, 2nd lOth, and 1st (Durand) and2nd 11th. Lieutenant-Colonel Darand was appointed ^*^ ^'^•^* to command. Colonel George Wahab became Colonel of the regiment and gave his name to the Ist battalion haying been in command of the district of Guntoor when it was raised. The officers and men of the regiments which had misbehaved at Panjalamcoorchy on the 5th September 1799 were excluded from any share in the promotion created by this augmentation. The corps of Malays was struck off the strength of the Malay corps. Madras establishment during the month of December^ and transferred to the Gbvemment of Ceylon. On the 17th June 1800 orders were issued for the Angmen- formation of two additional regiments of Native infantry, ***^®"» i®^- to be numbered the 18th and 19th respectively. The 1st battalion 18th regiment was raised at Banga- isth regi- lore in July from a nucleus of drafts from the 1st 2nd, (p^^kiBon) 1st Srd, 2nd 5th, 2nd 6th, 1st 7th, 2nd 12th, 2nd 18th, ^^"^ M.N.I. 88 HISTORY OF THB MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XVI. 18th regi- ment (Nundy) 86th M.N.I. 19th regi- ment (Forbes) 87th Grenadiers. 19th regi- ment (Maogregor) 88th M.N.I. Begimentftl Adjatancies abolished. Increase to the pay and allowances of Native troops. and let 9Ui. Major Parkison was placed in oommandj tlie Lientenant-Colonel being on ihe staff. The 2nd battalion was raised at Nandidroog daring the same months receiving drafts from the 1st and 2nd Ist, 2nd 3rd, 2nd 4th, 1st 8thj 1st 12th, 1st 13th, and 1st 14th. lieutenant-Colonel J. Cappage was appointed to command. . The 1st battalion 19th regiment was raised at Itcha- poor, receiving drafts from the 2nd 7th, 2nd 8th, 2nd 9th, 2nd 10th, 1st and 2nd 11th, 2nd 14th, and 1st 7th. This battalion appears to have been named after an officer who originally belonged to the 2nd battalion. The 2nd battalion was raised at Ellore, receiving drafts from the 2nd 1st, 2nd 2nd, 1st 4th, 1st 5th, 1st 6th, 1st 9th, and 1st lOth, and was placed nnder Major Maogre- gor, the Lieutenant-Colonel being in England. Colonels Francis Torreus and Carey Lelande were appointed to the 18th and 19th regiments respectively. As a European Adjutant was allowed to each battalion of Native in&mtry, and the 'duties connected with the stores were performed by a serjeant, the appointment of Adjutant and Quartermaster to a regiment was considered to be unnecessary, and was abolished on the 25th June. Shortly after the increase to the pay of the European troops in 1798, the propriety of taking similar steps in the case of the Native Army was urged upon the Supreme Government on the ground that the increased price of provisions in the Camatic rendered it almost impossible for a sepoy to subsist upon the established rate of pay. It was also pointed out that — ^' The sepoy in Bengal, where rice is, at an average compu- tation, procurable at the rate of from 30 to 40 seers for the rupee, receives in addition to his pay a constant allowance of half batta. His situation is infinitely superior to that of an ordinary laborer, and consequently an object of attainment. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. 89 " On the Coast, where rice is seldom cheaper in any station CHAP. XYI. than 18 seers per rapee, and where it is frequently served to the troops from the public stores at 13 seers per rupee as a necessary indolgence from Oovemment, this allowance is onknown/* The Supreme Government eventually consented to revise the scale of pay and allowances to the Madras Native troops, and on the llth July 1800 the following General Order was issued on the subject : — " The Bight Honorable the Governor in Council reflecting on the series of important services rendered by the sepoys on the establishment of Fort St. George, has been impressed with a deep sense of the gallantry and fidelity so generally displayed by them. He has therefore been studious to avail himself of every opportunity to ijianifest his Lordship's attention to their interests and comforts, and his Lordship reflects with pride and satisfaction on the frequent instances in which he has been enabled to reward the distinguished merit of individuals. '' Under the impression of these sentiments, the Governor in Council has extended his enquiries with the assistance of Major-General Brathwaite into the actual situation of the Native soldiers, and has in consequence satisfied himself from the reports of General Brathwaite, as well as from other sources of information, that the rate of pay at present allowed to the Native infantry does not bear a just proportion to the expense of maintaining themselves and their families, nor to the duties attached to the profession of arms. The GK)ver- nor in Council has therefore represented the result of his Lordship's enquiries to the Most Noble the Governor-General of Bengal. ^ The Most Noble the Governor-General in Council having considered this representation, and being convinced from personal observation during his Lordship's residence at this Presidency, of the necessity of extending the bounty of the Company to the Native troops, the Governor in Council has VOL. in. 12 90 HISTOBT OF THI ICADBAS ARVT. OBAP. XYI. therefore sincere pleasure in announcing his Lordship*s ~~~' resolution to bestow on them a more adequate portion of the advantages derived to the State from those successes to which their bravery and attachment have materially contributed. " The Bight Honorable the Governor in Council has accord- ingly been pleased to establish, under the authority of the Most Noble the Oovernor-General in Council of Bengal, the following increase of pay and advantages to the Native troops on the establishment of Fort St. Oeorge according to the annexed tables of pay and batta : — Commissioned Officers, Pay of Native "The pay of all subadars of infantry who shall have offioen. actually served ten years in that rank shall be twenty star pagodas per month. ''The pay of all subadars of infantry who shall have actually served six years in that rank shall be fifteen star pagodas per month. "The pay of all subadars of infantry who shall not actually have served six years in that rank shall continne as at present to be twelve star pagodas per month. " Subadars of cavalry who shall actually have served ten years in that rank shall receive an addition, to their present pay, of eight star pagodas per month. '' Subadars of cavalry who shall have actually served six years in that rank shall receive an addition of three star pagodas per month to their present pay. *' The pay of subttdars of cavalry who may not actually have served six years in that rank shall continue to be, as at present, twenty-six star pagodas per month. ''The pay of syrangs of gun lascars, and jemadars of pioneers (having the command of companies) who shall actually have served ten years in that rank shall be twelve star pagodas per month. « The pay of syrangs of gun lascars, and jemadars of pioneers (having the command of companies) who shall BISTORT OF THE MADRAS ARICT. 91 actually have served six years in that rank shall be nine star OHAP. XYI. pagodas per month. "The pay of syrangs of gun lascars, and jemadars of pioneers (having the command of companies) who shall not actually have served six years in that rank shall continue as ai present to be seven star pagodas per month. " The Commander of the Army in Chief will direct the Adjutant-G^neral of the Army to famish the Native officers who may attaiii the gradations of ran^ above specified with certificates from his office, and to transmit duplicates of them to the Office of audit. " The pay of jemadars of infantry shall be seven star pagodas per month. " The Native adjutants of corps of cavalry as weU as of Natdve infantry shaU inrariably be chosen from among the jemadars, ^^^ and Major-General Brathwaite will direct that if the appoint- from fcbe ment of Native adjutant should now be held in any regi- f^j^dar. ment or battalion by officers of the rank of subadar, it shall be immediately vacated, and filled up according to the tenor of this order. "Thebatta of commissioned Native officers, of whatever Batta of corps or rank, shall continue to be the same as is at present ^^11 fixed by the existing regulations. A^on- Cotnmissioned and Privates. '* The pay of havildars of infantry shall be three star pay aod batta pagodas per month. of non-oom. '^ ° ^ miasioned " The pay of naigues of infantry shall be two star pagodas officers and and twenty-one fanams per monUi. pnvatea. '* The pay of sepoys and Native doctors of infantry shall be two star pagodas per month. " The pay of sepoy boys of whatever corps shall be one star pagoda per month. '*The pay of first tindals of gun lascars, and of havil* dars of pioneers shall each be three star pagodas per month. 92 HI8T0BT OF THB MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XYI. '' The pay of Bocond tindals of gnn lascars and naigaes of pioneers shall be two star pagodas and twentj-one fanams per month. '* The pay of gnn lascars, of pioneers, and of Native doctors shall be two star pagodas and ten fiemams per month. ''The batta of first and second tindals of gnn lascars, and of havildars and naigaes of pioneers, shall be one fanam and forty cash per day^ " The batta of havildars, naignes, and sepoys of infantry, of gon lascars, pioneers, and of Native doctors, shall be one fanam per day, or in lien thereof one seer of rice in cases when rice may be issned from the public stores. *^ The pay and batta of drammers, fifers, pnckallies, and of bhesties shall continue to be the same as are at preseilt fixed by the existing regulations. No stoppages *' The rates of pay and batta above specified for all corps for olothinff. ^^^ ranks shall be clear and exclusive of all stoppages for clothing, which will continue to be provided for, as at present, by issues of cash from the public treasury. ** The rates of pay above specified for all corps and ranks shall be the same in all months without reference to the number of days in each month." Invalids. Pay and " The pay and batta of invalids of Native infantry, of gun invalidB l&scars, and of pioneers, shall continue to be the same as at present. *' Subadars of infantry, syrangs of gun lascars, and jema- dars of pioneers, who may have attained the gradations of rank before specified, shall receive invalid pay or pensions according to the scale of their actual pay at the time of their being admitted on the non-effective list. " No class of Native cavalry shall in future be invalided, but officers and men, of whatever class or rank, shall, when HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. 98 judged unfit for the service by the proper committees, be penBioned on half the net pay which they respectively enjoyed at the time of being transferred to the non-effective list. ''The Governor in Council has been pleased further to resolve that the Native officers and men, of whatever corps or ranks, who may lose a limb by wounds on actual service, shall be pensioned on the full pay of their respective ranks. '* The Governor in Council is pleased to order and direct that the foregoing regulations for the payment of the Native troops on this establishment shall commence from the 1st day of July 1800. " The Governor in Council takes this occasion to publish bis Lordship's intention of disbanding the revenue corps as soon as circumstances may render that measure convenient. The pay and batta of those corps are not to be affected by this order. " Such parts of all orders or regulations as may be con- trary to the tenor of this order are to cease to have effect from the 1st July 1800." The following were the tables of pay and batta accord- ing to the new rates : — CHAP. ZVL Fensions for the loBs of limbs. Operation of order. Bevenue corps. Orders cancelled. NcUive Infantry, Net Pay per month exclosive of Stop- pages for Clothing. Batta per day when in the field, &o. FAO. rAN. CASH. PAO. FAN. CASH. Subeilar ... ... •*• 12 6 Jemadar ... ... ... 7 8 Hayildar 8 ) Naig^e ... ... ... 2 21 • Sepoy and Native Doctor. 2 J 1 Drommer and Fifer 2 21 1 80 Sepoy Boys ••• ••• 10 Piiokally with Bollock ... 8 2 72 2 • * Or in lien thereof, one seer of rice per day when rice may be issued from the public stores. 94 HISTORY OF THS MADRAS ARICT. CHAP. XVI. Oun Lascars and Piansers. Beoroit boyt. Belief of the Madras troops at Amboyna, 1801. * Gan Lascars. Pioneers. Batta per day when in the field. Net Pay per month exclu- sive of Stop- pages for Clothing. Net Pay per month exclu- sive of Stoppages for Clothing. Syrang First Tindal ... Second Tindal. • Lasoar and Na- tive Doctor. Bhesty Lascar Boys ... PAO. f'. c. 7 8 • 2 21 2 10 2 10 Havildar ... Naigue ... Pioneer ... PAO. F. C. 7 8 2 21 2 10 ... \ • a . F. c. 8 *1 40 •1 40 1 2 ••* . . • * Or in lieu thereof one seer of rice per day when rice is issued. '^ It is to be understood that the pay of the boys under the description of sepoy, &c, reomits, is to be the same, whether belonging to the corps of cavalry, or in&utry, or gun lascars, that is to say, one pagoda per month ; but they are not to receive batta in any situation until they are of ietge to be put on the effective strength of such corps respectively.** On the 11th August 1800* the Bengal Marine battalion^ about 747 strongs with 289 followers^ including women and children^ embarked at Madras under Captain Thomas Brougham for the relief of the Madras Native troops serving at Malacca and Amboyna. About two-thirds of this corps were Mahomedans. The 2nd battalion 1st regiment (formerly the 17th battalion) and the Madras Volunteer battalion returned to the coast in May 1801. The following is an extract, from a General Order issued ob the occasion :— HISTOBT OT THI MADRAi ABUT. 96 '' 29ih May 1801. GHAP. XVI. " Major-Q^neral Brath waitehas much satisfiEiction in ayailing Thanln to himself of this opportnnitj to express his entire approba- ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ tion of Lieutenant-Colonel McNeile's conduct during a long Volanteer hfttftftlipiii course of arduous and important command, as well as of the exemplary zeal and spirit which have so eminently distin- guished the 2nd battalion 1st regiment, and the Volunteer corps, throughout a very trying ^ service, and an uncommonly tedious passage by sea. ^' The General derives particular pleasure also in announ- Honorary cing to these corps the- resolution of the Oovernor in Council "*^fif®"' to testify his sense of their faithful attachment to the British Oovemment daring a period of more than five years on foreign service, by bestowing on them individually a badge to be worn as an honorary mark of distinction ; and which the General hopes may be in readiness for delivery previous to the departure of the corps from the Presidency." On the 20th August a new code of general regula- GenenJ tions and orders, for the conduct of the forces serving '^fl^**^*""' under tha Presidency of Fort St. George, was published to the Army. The following is an extract from that part of the regulations which relates to orderlies : — " Orderly men.— Para. 1st. '* The attachment of orderly EmploTmeEit soldiers to officers being solely for the performance of duties with the ordinary proportion of Native commissioned officers^ drmnmers^ pnckallies, &c. The European staff consisted of a Captain Commandant^ an Adjntsmt^ a Serjeant-Major^ and a Quartermaster Serjeant. The Native staffs of a Jemadar Adjutant, a Drill Havildar^ a Drill Naigue, a Drum-Major, and a Fife- Major. Captain Macpherson of the 14th regiment was appointed to command. The following order setting forth the conditions of Conditions service was issued by the Commander-in-Chief on the ® 8®^^*^* 23rd September :— " For the purpose of carrying into effect the resolution of the Bight Honorable the Governor in Council as published in the Oovemment General Order of the 22nd instant, the Commander-in-Chief is pleased to direct that such men of the undermentioned corps as may make a voluntary offer to serve in the Madras Volunteer battalion during a period of three years at the Molucca Islands, shall be permitted to do so on the following terms, viz.^ jemadars to enter the Madras Volunteer battalion as subadars, havildars as jemadars, naigues as havildars, and the requisite proportion of privates as naigues, according to seniority. " During the time the Madras Volunteer battalion may remain embodied, the promotion shall be confined to it ; the Native commissioned, non-commissioned, and rank and file^ will for the present be struck off the strength of their respec- tive corps, but on their return to the coast, be re-admitted in the several ranks which they may have then attained on the establishment of such corps as may best suit the conveni- ence of the public service, and they will be permitted to leave family certificates/* '* Corps from which men are permitted to volunteer for the Corps from Madras Volunteer battalion, viz. :— ^^^' VOL. III. IS aUowed. 98 HISTORY Of THX MADRAS ARXT. CHAP. XVI. Assistant Bargeon, and reomit boys. Battalion embarks. Rednotionfl, 1801-2. InTalids, 1802. Camp equipage and hatting. Deiaohment let battalion 4ih regiment at Fort St. George. The 2nd battalion 14th regiment at Fort St. Qeorge. The let do. 17th do. do. The Ist do. 18th do. do. The Ist and 2nd Madras battalions. On the 13th October an order was issued by which an Assistant Surgeon was posted to the battalion^ and three recruit boys allowed to each company. This battalion embarked at Madras on the 16th Octo- ber 1801. The Muggletoor Revenue battalion having shown, symptoms of insubordination in November, was broken up during the month. The Tinnevelly Provincial battalion, the Nair, Tier, and Mopla battalions in the province of Malabar, and the 1st and 2nd Madras battalions, were reduced early in 1802, the four first on the 31st March, and the others on the 29th April. Two companies, viz., the 19th and 20th, were added to the Native Invalid establishment on the 2nd April, and ordered to be stationed at Fort St. Qeorge. On the 22nd May an order, from which the following is an extract, was published regarding camp equipage and hutting : — ** Hospitals, and buildings for the reception of the arms, stores, and gpram of regiments of cavalry, and for the arms and stores of battalions of infantry, will be provided at fixed stations at the expense of Government, but the men, when not encamped, must be hutted without any additional expense to the public, as it is to be clearly understood that the allow- ance for the provision and carriage of camp equipage is to defray a]l expenses for cover to the Native troops in the field, in cantonment, or in garriBon, in peace or in war." The allowance in question for each branch of the Native Arlny is shown below : — BISTORT OT THE HABRAB ABHT, A regiment of Native mTslrj witli utUlery stUohed A compamjof artillerj... A. bstbtlion of ITatiTe infantry Thooorpe of pioneer* ... The nomber of tents, cattle, and followers specified. The allow. were to be maintained, mastered, and kept in constant S^wyr" readiness for serrice bj officers commanding corps, who were also to provide hatting accommodation for their men, and carriage for the regimental stores, ont of the sums allotted to them respeotirely as set forth in the table. In January 1803 it was ordered that the cnmmerbnnds CDminer- ahonld be discontinned as part of the clothing isened to ^^"^ 1B08. the Native soldiery. On the 38th of the same month the existing estab- Bftttaiiona lishment of 14 companies of pioneers ' was angmented to rfpwn^w. * As the ■errioea of the pioneers hare been inoladed in the " H iatorj of the Hadraa Bngineen," pnbliihed in 1881, it maj be well to explain whj thej' have been entered here under the hMd of Native in&mtiT. The pioneeiB wece not attached to the oorpa of Engineei* nntil Maf 1881, when the lat battalion wae made over to it, and Inatmoted En •apping and mining. The 2nd battalion wat made over, in like manner, in December 18U. From the time of the fint rormatlan of pioneei* in ITSO np to their tnuutfer in 1831 and 18U, the; wen offloeied exolniivelj from the infantry, empliiyed'aa pioneers, and placed Hnd«r tlie general direction of the Qnariernwater.Qeneral. ^ 100 HI6T0BT OF THB MADfilS ASMT. CHAP. XVI. Distribntioii. Sxtra battalions, April 1808. Ist Extra (l8cbatt.20th, 89th M^J.) Snd Extra (l8tbatt.2l8t, 4lBt M.N.L) 8rdBxtra(lBt batt. SSnd, 4draM.N.I.) 16^ to be formed into two separate battalions of eight companies each. The strength of a company was to remain as before, viz., 1 jemadar, 8 havildars, 3 naigaes, 1 pnckallj, and 100 privates. Captain W. P. Heitland of the 6th regiment was appointed to command the 1st battalion, with Captains Brown of the 7th and Davis of the 4th, and Lieutenant Barclay of the 5th to do duty. Captain Fitzpatrick, 9th regiment, was appointed to the 2nd battalion, with Captain Bagshaw of the 10th, and Lientenant Grant of the 12th to do duty. The new formation was completed in March, at which time the companies were distributed in the following manner, viz. : — 1st battalion. — ^The 6th company at Hyderabad ; the remaining companies in camp. 2nd battalion. — ^The 1st company at Hyderabad; the 3rd company in the Moluccas; the remaining 6 com- panies in camp. On the 16th April orders were issued for the form- ation of three battalions of Native in&ntry, to be returned as ''Extra Battalions.'' Each was to consist of ten companies, and the establishment was fixed at one Captain Commandant with a subaltern, and 900 privates, with the ordinary proportion of Native officers, havil- dars, and naigues. The 1st Extra battalion was raised at Trichinopoly^ and placed under the command of Captain Martin of the 5th regiment, with Lieutenant Trewman as adjutant. The 2nd Extra was raised at Chicacole, and placed under the command of Captain Crane of the 12th regi- ment, with Lieutenant Shaw as adjutant. The 3rd Extra was raised at Nellore, and placed under the command of Captain Whitlie of the 19th regiment, with Lieutenant Porter as adjutant. HI8T0BT OF THI MADBAS ABXT. 101 Eaoli of these battalions received drafts from the old CHAP. XYI. regiments to the following extent^ viz., 10 jemadars as ooni^^on, snbadars, 10 havildars as jemadars, 50 naigaes as havil- dars, and SO privates as naigaes. On the 22Dd July orders were issued directing that ^^^. all the additional privates which had been raised under July 1808. recent instructions by corps of Native infantry serving in the Carnatic, in Mysore, and in the Ceded Districts, should be formed into four extra battalions of the same strength as those raised in April. The 4th Extra was raised at EUore, and placed under 4th Extra Captain Macfarlane of the 5th regiment, with Lieutenant 2i8t, 42iid Hughes as adjutant. M.N.I.) The 5th Extra was raised at Wallajahbad, and placed 6th Extra (let under Captain Shaw of the 10th regiment, with Ineute- 45th ^n.i.) uant Bird as adjutant. The 6th Extra was raised at Trichinopoly, and placed 6th Extra under Captain Buchan of the 12th regiment, with Lieute- 22Dd, 44,th nant P. Le Couteur as adjutant. u.^.i,) The 7th Extra was raised at Sankemacoil in the 7th Extra District of Tinnevelly, and placed under Captain Farran ^^^ ^^ of the 14th, with Lieutenant Kent as adjutant. M.N.I.) These battalions were brought on the permanent Sndbattsoth strength of the army in October 1804, as was also the <^^' ^•^•^•) Volunteer battalion on its return from the Moluccas, when it became the 2nd battalion 20th (40th M.N.L) 102 HISTOBT OF TBS MADBAS ABICT. CHAPTER XVII, FROM THE GOMMENGSMENT OF THE MAHBATTA WAB IK 1803, TO THE TBEATY WITH HOLKAB IN 1806. CHAP.XYII. Majob-ObnebalWslleslxt arrived before Ahmednnggar 7T~ on the 8th Angnst 1803^ and found the pettah occupied nuggar, 1808. by a body of Arabs^ supported by one of Scindiah's regular battalions^ and a number of horse encamped between the pettah and the fort. The Killadar having refused to surrender, the pettah was immediately attacked by escalade in three columns. The curtains were about eighteen feet in height^ connected at every hundred yards by towers or bastions held by Arabs. The first column, composed of the pickets, and the flank companies H.M.'s 78th regiment under liieutenant-Colonel Harness, planted the ladders on one of the curtains, but as these had no ramparts, the men on getting to the top found nothing on which to stand, and were consequently obliged to desist. The 78th alone had 55 killed and wounded, of whom 4 were officers. Storm of the The right column, composed of the flank companies pettah. H.M.'s 74th, and the 1st battalion 8rd regiment, all under Captain Yesey of the latter, was more fortunate, as it escaladed at a re-entering angle touching one of the bas- tions. The Arabs made an obstinate defence, but after a sharp struggle, during which 18 of the 74th, and 18 of the 3rd were killed or wounded, the men made good their footing, and getting down into the pettah, they opened the gate to the third party under Lieutenant- Colonel Wallace, composed of the battalion companies of HISTOBT Of THX IfADBAS ABHT. 103 the 74tli, and the 1 st battalion 8th regiment. The two CHAP. XVIU colamna uniting, the place was speedily cleared of its defenders. Our total loss ^ daring the storm amounted to 27 killed and 92 wounded. On the morning of the 9th, a position within 400 yards of the forty was seized by Colonel Wallace with five companies of the 74thy and the 2nd battalion 12th regi- ment. During the night a battery for four guns was constructed at this post, and opened at daylight with such effect that the Elilladar surrendered, and gave up the place on condition that the garrison should be allowed to depart with their private property. He marched out accordingly on the morning of the Sorrender of 12th, with about 1,400 men, many of whom were Arabs. The fort was found to contain a large quantity of military stores. The gunpowder was of such good quality that the General made use of it to replace that which had been expended during the siege. The troops engaged in this service received the thanks of the Governor-General in Council conveyed in an order dated at Fort William on the 8th September 1803. After having made arranffements for the settlement of General . , Wellesley the districts dependent upon Ahmednugg^, and having crosses the placed a garrison ' in the fort, General Wellesley marched ^^^^^^^T- to the northward, and crossed the Godavery on the 21st and 22nd August at Toka, where he was joined on the 25th by Major Dallas with the 1st battalion 10th regi- ment. 1 Appendix B. ' Detaclpnent of artfllerj. H.M/s 84th regiment, 30 men i 2nd battalion 8rd regiment nnder Captftin Lnoas. 104 HISTOBT OT THl MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XVIL The oonfed- ] eratee elude Colonel Stevenson. Capture of Janlna. The oonfederat-es return to the north. General Wellesloy and Colonel Stevenson march separately on Bokerdon. Daring these operations Colonel Stevenson bad moved to the northern frontier of the Nizam's dominions in order to watch the passes ; and on the 26th Angast he encamped near the Dewul ghant^ in consequence of a demonstration made in that direction by Scindiah and the Bajah of Berar with part of their army, but the main body of their cavalry had been sent to the westward^ and on the 24th it had entered the Nizam's country by the Adjnnta ghaut. Colonel Stevenson followed, and on the 2nd September he attacked and carried by storm the small fort of Jaulna ^ at that time belonging to Bcindiah. On the 6th^ and again on the 9th, he surprised and dispersed the camps of two parties of the enemy's horse, after which he halted at Budnapoor near Jaulna for some days. In the meantime the confederates, who had arrived in the neighbourhood of Partoor with the apparent inten- tion of marching upon Hyderabad, suddenly broke up their camp on the night of the 6th September, and returned to the Adjunta ghaut, where they effected a junction with their artillery and infantry. General Wellesley, who had been watching their move- ments, was delayed on the Godavery until the 18th September, when the arrival of a large convoy, escorted by the 1st battalion 4th regiment under Major Hill, enabled him to prepare to bring the enemy to action. On the 19th he detached the 1st battalion ^ 3rd, and the 2nd battalion 1 40 miles east of Anmngabad, Lat. 19^ 62* N. Long. 76° S' B. Long the head^narten of the light field division, Hyderabad snbsidi- aiy force. * This was a very good battalion. It had marched from Hadnra to the Taptee» a distance of about 1,000 miles, without a single desertion, and was the second senior native corps with the force. It was sent back to Poonah, beoaose of ill-timed complaints made by the command- ing officer regarding the coin in which his men were paid. Bnpplementafy despatches, Duke of Wellington, Vol. IV, page 179. HISTOBT OV THE MADRAS ABMT. 105 18th for the better protection of Poonah^ and the next OHAP. XYIL day he encamped at Gola Pangiree on the river Doodna. On the 21st he made a short march to Jalg^am near Badnapoor^ where he reviewed Colonel Stevenson^s divi- sion, and concerted the plan of a combined attack on the enemy, to be made on the 24th. The two divisions separated' on the 22nd, and moved towards Bokerdun, where the enemy was reported to be, Colonel Stevenson marching nearly due north by Hnssainabad, and General Wellesley taking a more easterly route. The latter arrived at his ground near the village of General Naulniah about 11 a.h. on the 23rd, and hearing that leavM^hiii the enemy were within six miles of him, and preparing ^^^ to move off, he determined to attack at once without waiting for Colonel Stevenson, so leaving his stores and I>A?gt^ ft^ Naulniah, protected by the 1st battalion 2nd regiment, and the rear guard, all under Lieutenant- Colonel Chalmers of the 2nd, he advanced with the rest of his division, consisting of four regiments of cavalry, six regiments of infantry, and detachments of artillery and pioneers. About 1 o'clock in the afternoon the British troops Grosses the came in sight of the armies ^ of Scindiah and the Rajah of Berar, drawn up in order of battle between the rivers Kaitna and Juah, having the former parallel with their front at a short distance, and the latter nearly parallel with their rear. The General resolved to attack their left, and making a flank march to the right, he crossed the Kaitna at the village of Peepulgaum^ rather more than half a mile above its confluence with the Juah. The passage was not disputed, and the infantry was ^' About 20,000 cavalry, 18 battalions of disciplined infantiy, nnder Exiropean officers, estimated at about 12,000 men, and upwards of 100 gnni. VOL. III. 14 106 HISTOBT OF THS'VADBAS ABHT. CHAP.xyil. formed across the fork between the two riTers in two lines, with the cavalry in the rear. The first line was composed of H.M/s 78th on the left, the Ist of the 10th, and Ist of the 8th in the centre, and the pickets ^ on the right. The second fine, which followed the first at the distance of aboat three hundred paces, consisted of the 1 st of the 4th, and the 2nd of the 12th, with H.M.'8 74th on the right immediately in rear of the pickets. The enemy The enemy^ in the meantime, had changed fronts throw- ge ron . .^^ their left on the Juah at the village of Assaye, and resting their right on the Kaitna, being sufficiently strong to occupy the whole space between the two rivers, which^ at that place, was about a mile broad. Their line was defended by upwards of 100 guns, several of which were disposed in front of the village of Assaye which was occu- pied by a strong body of infantry. Battlis or ASSATE. The British troops advanced with great steadiness under a remarkably heavy fire, but Colonel Orrock of the 8th^ who commanded the pickets, and who had been directed to keep out of the range of shot from Assaye, mistook his orders, diverged to the right, and led directly' > The pickets were composed of details from each corps, and generally formed the advanced guard. Their strength on this occasion, probably amonnted to abont 400 rank and file. The detail of the 2nd battalion serving with the pickets on the 28rd September consisted of 1 sabal- tem and 60 sepoys, besides non-commissioned officers. This, with a similar detail from each of the other six regiments of infantry, and from the battalion of pioneers, would make 400 rank and file. ' Major-General Wellesley in a letter to Lientenant-Colonel Thomas Hnnro, dated Ist November 1808, expressed himself as foUows regard* ing Lientenant-Colonel Orrock : — ^ I do not wish to cast any reflection npon the officer who led the pioquets. I lament the conseqnenoes of his mistake, but I must acknowledge that it was not possible for a man to lead a body into a hotter iire than he did the picqneti on that day against Assaye." diSTOBT OF THl MABBAS ASMT> 107 apon that village followed by the 74th regiment. The jOHAP. XVII. conseqnence was that not only did the pickets and the 74th suffer severe ^ loss from the village, bat they were charged by the enemy's cavalry on their left flaoksi through the break in the line which had been caused by the divergence of the pickets. Fortunately, and before irretrievable damage could be done, our cavalry came up from the rear, defeated the enemy's horse, and pursued them to the left of th^ line. The 78th, with the native corps in the first line, supported by those in the second line, advancing at the same time» drove the enemy from their guns with the bayonet. A second position which ihey had taken up on the Juah at right angles to their first line was then attacked and carried. Several of the enemy's battalions gave way entirely and fled, but others retired in order until charged and broken by the cavalry. It was in one of these charges that Colonel Maxwell ' of the 19th dragoons, a most valuable officer, who com- manded the whole corps of cavalry, was killed. The false movement of the pickets was unfortunate in Effioienoy of other respects than the loss of infantry as was explained impaired^ by the General in his letter to Colonel Munro dated 1st *£ ?h?"^^, November. 1 Almost every man of the half oompanj let battalion 2nd regiment ■erving with the piokets was either killed or wonnded. KUIed. — 1 Uentenant, 1 havUdar, 1 drammer, 17 sepoys, 1 pnckally ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 21 Womided.— 2 havildars, 20 sepoys 22 Missing.— 8 sepoys ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 The casualties amongst the other details composing the pickets cannot be asoortained, as they are merged in the general casualties of the ■everal regiments. * A pension of £300 per annum was granted to his widow by the Court of Directors. 108 HI8T0BT Of THI MADBAB ABMT. CHAP. xni. '* Another evil which resulted from this mistake was the " necessity of introdacing the cavaby into the cannonade, and the action, long before it was time ; by which the corps lost many men/ and its onity and efficiency that I intended to bring forward in a close porsnit at the heel of the day. But it was necessary to bring forward the cavalry to saye the remains of the 74th and the picqnets, which would otherwise have been destroyed. Another evil resolting from it was, that we had no reserve left, and a parcel of stragglers cnt up oar wounded : and straggling infimtry who had pretended to be dead, turned their guns against our backs. • • • • • " After the action there was no pursuit, because our cavalry was not then in a state to pursue. It was near dark when the action was over, and we passed the night on the field of battle." Camialties. The loss of the enemy was computed at 1^200 killed, and 4^800 wounded. Our casualties amounted to 1,584,' viz., 198 Europeans and 230 natives killed, 442 Euro^ peans, and 696 natives wounded, 4 Europeans, and 14 natives missing. The 74th, alone had 401 of all ranks killed and wounded. The native regiments also suffered severely^ more especially those which became on the right after the divergence of the pickets and the 74th, viz., the 1st of the 8th, and the 2nd of the 12th, the former having had 174, and the latter 228, killed and wounded. Killed. Wonnded* HorseB killed. Wounded. 1 H.M.'8 19th dragoons ... 17 40 87 86 4th, 6th and 7th oavalry. 89 dS 288 76 ' Appendix C. Welsh, in his Reminisoenoes, gives the nnmber as 2,277, being an excess of 698, and this error has been repeated in several works. It will be seen oo examining the items in the retnm, that both Enro- peans and natives are included in the general totals of killed and wounded, viz., 198 + 280 = 428, and 443 , ,^^ Three native regiments 860 j ** *»^*^ To these mnst be added one sepoy battalion left in oamp, 90O, and 100 men from each regiment, left as a baggage guard, about 700 ] total ont of fixe 1,800." Alison's History of Sorope, 10th edition, Vol. YIII, pi^ 06. filBTORT or THS MADBAS ABMT. Ill were EnropeaxiB ; bat neither the battalion of pioneers/ CHAP. XYII. nor the corps of gun lascars^ both of which suffered in the action, have been included in the sereral accounts. Moreover, an examination of the returns for August and September 1803, will show that the strength of the native corps, cavalry, as well as infantry, was consider- ably greater than has been generally represented, and that it is difficult, after making all reasonable deductions, to get the number of effective rank and file alone below 6,000. Number of eif eotiye rank and file aa per retoroa. Corpa. Bank and file present for dnty ezolnsive of sick. Return, let Sept. 1808. Betnm, Ist Oct. 1808. H>M.'a 19tli dragoona ... ... ••« ••• 4th cavalry 876, 6tli oavaliy 888, 7th oavalry OOff ... *•* •*. •«• •*. ••• European artillery ... Gnn laacara H.M.'b 74th regiment H.M.'s78th do let battalion 2nd 80a lat of 4th 766, Ist of 8th 764, iBt of 10th 668, 2nd of 12th 782. 1st battalion pioneers Total ... Oednot 1st of 8nd (minus 60 men with the pickets^ and 700 men for the baggage guaro ... ... •*• *•* ... Effective rank and file available for action ... 818 1,146 164 828 600 670 8,764 606 876 1,088 188 817 220 687 8,866 648 7,474 1,460 6,469 ••• 6,024 .*• It is not clear bow tbe 700 men for the baggage guard are to be accounted for. One hundred from each of the four native battalions in the battle gives 400. The rest ' The pioneers had 66, and the gun lasoars 48, men killed and wounded ; the latter corps was probably recruited from Colonel Steven- son's division, which joined on the 26th September. 112 DISTORT OF THI MADRAS ARXT. CHAP.XYII. must be supposed to haye been taken from the cavalrj and artillery; bat these corps could not possibly have spared 300 men. It is extremely improbable that either of the weak regiments of European in&ntry would detach any considerable party on the eye of a general action^ more especially as an experienced field officer^ with a strong body of native troops^ had already been selected for the duty, A deduction of 700 men, in addi- tion to the 750 men of the 1st battalion 2nd, appears, in these circumstances, to be excessive ; nevertheless it has been accepted in the statement in the text. It was stated officially at the time, that the casualties somewhAt exceeded a third of the whole British force engaged. This calculation, with the addition of the pioneers and gun lascars, would give a total of about 5,680,^ but 6,000 is probably nearer the truth, bearing in mind the fact that the non-commissioned officers, European and native, have not been included in the foregoing table. The enemy passed the night about twelve miles from the field, and went down the Adjunta ghaut the next day in great disorder on their retreat towards Burhan- poor. Colonel Stevenson joined General Wellesley near Assaye on the 25th, and marched down the ghaut on the 26th, his pursuit of the enemy having been delayed in Probuble Btrength of the fcroops engaged. The enemy retreat. 1 1,SS4X 8s 4^762; 4,768 + 006 pioneers -I- S8dganluoar8 = 6,(180. H.M.'b 78th regiment having been attached to the Bombay Presi- dency, it does not appear in the Madras records, and no return of it has been obtained, with the exception of one, dated at Fort William^ 19th Jannaiy 1808, when the regiment was abont to embark for Bombay. This retom, a copy of which was kindly famished by Brigadier-Qenend Annesley, Adjntant-General of the Bombay Army, shows 764 rank and file, sick included. The number, 670, given in the table in the text le supposed to represent the total effective men in September. With this exception all the figures were taken from the Madras retoms for August and September. ISISTOBT or THB MADRAS ARICY. 113 order that the surgeons of his division might assist in CHAP.XVII. dressing the wounded.* « Gteneral Wellesley remained at Assaye for a few days General to make arrangements for the security of the captured moves guns and stores, after which he proceeded to Ad junta, Aui^abad. ' where he established a field hospital in the fort. On the 8th October he marched towards the south, and on the 10th he arrived at Binkenhully 80 miles north of Aurungabad, where he halted to watch the movements of the confederates who had gone to the westward with the supposed intention of entering the territories of the Peshwah. While at that place he received accounts of the success- DefoDoe of f ul defence of the village of Korjet Corygaum by a small ^J^^^u^ detachment ' of native infantry which had been attacked by about 1,600 men, a third of whom were Arabs. The position was steadily maintained against several attacks, during which the assailants lost, in killed alone, a number exceeding that of the detachment. The place was relieved by CSaptain Lucas with four companies 2nd battalion 3rd regiment which came up from Ahmednuggur, distant about 40 miles. The detachment was thanked by General Wellesley in division orders, and the conduct of the officers and men was brought to the favorable notice of the Commander- in-Chief. Intelligence having been received to the effect that Movements , >—__ of General WeUeslej. * The gpreat proportion of the wounded having been stmok by can- non shot, it was apprehended that at least 100 woald be permanently disabled. * One company Ist battalion 12th regiment (23rd L.I.), itnder Identeiiant Morgan, accompanied by drafts firom the corps in eamp intended for new battalions then being raised in the south. Captain O'Donnell and Lieutenant Bryant of the 1st caralry happening to be with the detachment, the command, during the action, waa assumed by the former as senior officer. VOL. III. 15 114 HISTORY OF THI ICADBAS ABUT. CHAP. XYII. Scindiah liad marched to the north for the purpose of relieving Burhanpoor, then threatened by Colonel Stevenson, General Wellesley retraced his steps, and was joined near Adjnnta on the 22nd October by the Isfc battalion 3rd regiment which he had recalled from Ahmednaggur to replace his loss at Assaye. While at Adjnnta he heard of the surrender of Burhanpoor ; and also that the Bajah of Berar, separating from Scindiah, had gone towards the south. This information led the General to march to Aurungabad, where he arrived on the 29th^ and, ascertaining that the Bajah was in the neighbourhood, he endeavoured to surprise him, but without success, although he compelled him to move his camp five times between the 29th and 81st. Afhur at On the date last mentioned, the Bajah detached a body TTvnViAi* of 5,000 horse to intercept a convoy of 1,500 bullocks, carrying grain for the army, which was protected by an escort ^ under Captain Baynes. The convoy left the Godavery on the morning of tiie 81st, and was attacked at the village of Umber' the same afternoon, but the assailants were repulsed with consider- able loss, particularly in horses, and the convoy joined the General on the next day. Captain Baynes was thanked for the able disposition he had made of his small force, and the steadiness of the officers and men was favorably noticed in the same order. The Bajah, immediately after this failure, retreated hastily towards his own territories* ' 2nd battaUon Srd regiment, 3 companies. SSnd do. 10th do. 2 do. Hyderabad subsidiary foroe, 1 company (battalion not known). Two S-ponnders. Mysore horse, 400. * About 20 miles north of the Qodavery, and half way between it and Janlna. HI8T0BT OF THB MADRAS ARMY. 115 About the same time as the action at Umber, an CHAP. XVII. attempt was made to take possession of the bridge of chaUant boats at Rackisbaam on the Godavery which was in ^^^^^^""^ charse of a party of the 1st battalion 6th re^ment under of the eth _, . _ . regiment. Jemadar Shaik Modeen of that corps. This officer not only repulsed the enemy, but followed them up, and captured part of their equipments. This affair was mentioned in general orders of the 28th November, and the Jemadar was promoted. Oeneral Wellesley, in reporting the circumstance to the Commander-in-Chief, observed : ** This man has behaved remarkably well in other instances besides that stated in my letter to the Adjutant-General. If the Soubah had had a dozen such men in his service, the Bajah of Berar would have lost his baggage in his flight from me.'* The large and opulent city of Bnrhanpoor surrendered Sarrender of to Colonel Stevenson on the 15th October without resist- ^'^ ^ ^ Since, and on the 17th he marched against the fortress of Asseerghur, about 12 miles north of Burhanpoor. On the 18th he reconnoitred the fort, attended by a squadron of cavalry, and the pickets of native infantry, and on the evening of the same day he attacked ^ and carried the pettaii. During the 19th, batteries for seven guns were established in the pettah, and on the 20th, fire was opened on the lower fort. The extraordinary strength of the upper, or hill fort, and the great importance attached to the possession of the place, induced Colonel Stevenson to offer liberal terms of capitulation, viz., that the garrison should be paid 20,000 rupees on account of ^ Casualties during the operations at Asseerghur. Ist battalion 6th regiment, 2 killed, 4 wounded. Pioneers, 1 killed, 1 wounded. i 116 HISTORY OF THS MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XVII. and ABseerghur. Ifovementi of General Wellealey's divuion. Armistice with Sciudiifth. arrears dae to them, and that they should be allowed to march oat with their private property^ and to go where they pleased. These terms were accepted, and the fort was given up on the 2lst. The operations were con- sidered to have been very creditable to Colonel Stevenson whose division ^ appears to have been in a very efficient condition. On the 6th November, General Wellesley, when about 85 miles south of Jaulna, detached ^ Lieutenant-Colonel Chalmers to take possession of the towns of Pokrie, Soorengaum, and E[aralla, distant from 10 to 20 miles from camp, and to make them over to Appah Dessaye, the commandant of the Peshwah's contingent, in behalf of his master. The General encamped near Patree on the 10th, and then proceeding northwards, he crossed the Payeii Gunga at Wakud on the 20th, and arrived at Bajoora on the 23rd, where he concluded an armistice with Scindiah for ten days, tibie principal condition of which was that Scindiah should take up a position about 50 miles to the eastward of Ellichpoor. On the 25th the General entered Berar, on the 27th he reached Akolah,' and on the 29th he joined C<^onel Stevenson at Parterly, for the purpose of ^ ** I cannot omit to taJce this opportunity to expreas to your Kzoel- lenoy my sense of the merits of Colonel Stevenson, and of the body of troops under his command. ** Upon every oooasion I haye received from the Colonel the most cordial, and zealous assistanoe, and the troops under his command are in the highest state of discipline and order, and fit for any service in which they can be employed." Major-General Wellesley to the Governor-General, 6th November 1808. ' 1st battalion 2nd regiment, 60 pioneers, 100 Mysore horse, and a party of artillery. * A considerable city in Berar, Lat. 22^ 40' N. Long. 77* 10' E. HISTORY Of THE MADRAS ARMT. 117 undertaking the siege of QawilgHnr ^ wiUi their united OHAP^XYIL divisions. Shortly after arriving at Parterly^ bodies of the enemy's Battle of cavalry approached^and commenced to skirmish with the -^'8*''"^ Mysore horse, in support of which the infantry pickets were sent out, and it was then discovered that the enemy were drawn up in force on the plains of Argaum^ immedi- ately in front of the village of that name, distant about six miles from Farterly. Their centre and left were composed of the troops of the Bajah of Berar consisting of artillery, cavalry, and infantry. A very heavy body of Soindiah^s cavalry, with a number of Pindarries, composed the right wing. Although it was late in the day, an immediate attack was determined upon, and both divisions advanced in one column in a direction almost parallel to the line of the enemy which was about 5 miles in length. On emerging from the rear of a village nearly opposite their centre^ where it was intended to deploy, the enemy's guns opened upon the native pickets, the 1st of the 10th, and the 2nd of the 12th,' which led the column, and although the cannonade was from a distance, and not to be com- pared with that at Assaye, these regiments broke, and retreated in confusion. Fortunately, the General, who was (dose by, was able to rally them himself, and to bring them back into action. In the meantime Colonel Stevenson's division had Advanoe of deployed and formed on the left, and about half past ^^ ^^' > A Btroag fortrees between tlie Bourcea of the Taptee and Pooma, about 15 miles north.weet ftrom Blliohpoor, Lai. 2V* 22^ N. Long. * A TilUige in Berar, 88 miles weet-Boath-west of IBUiohpoor. ' This battalion was badly oiffor Boropean ofBoen. Lieutenant* Colonel McLeod, Major McCally, and 4 Uentenants bad been wonnded at Assays. Neither of the field officers were present at Arganm. T I 118 HISTORY or THX X1DRA$ ABXT. Defeat and pursuit of the enemj. CHAP. XVII. four o'clock, the whole army advanced in line^ and in perfect order. The 74th and 78th were attacked by a large body of in&ntry, snppoaed to have been composed of Persians and Arabs^ which suddenly made their appearance from behind a battery in front of the 74th. Nearly all of these men were killed, and several standards taken from them. ScindiaVs cavalry charged the Ist battalion 6th regiment, which was on the left of Colonel Stevenson's division, bnt they were repnlsed with loss. The enemy made no farther attempt, and gave way immediately afterwards, leaving 38 guns, and all their ammunition. The cavalry, under the Honorable Lieutenant-Colonel Sentleger of the 6th r^ment, pursued them for several miles, killed great numbers, and captured a quantity of baggage, together with many elephants and camels. The pursuit was continued for two days, and with great effect, by the irregular horse belonging to the Nizam, the Rajah of Mysore, and the Peshwah. Our loss was inconsiderable,^ viz., 15 Europeans killed, 145 wounded, and 3 missing; 31 natives killed, 163 wounded, and 5 missing ; 19 horses killed, 9 wounded, and 11 missing* After the battle, the General lost no time in commenc- ing the siege of Ghiwilghur, a fortress of g^reat strength, Casualties. Siege of Gawilghnr. 1 Europeans. Natives. Hones. K. w. M. K. w. M. K. W. M. Major.(ih>nl. Wellesley's diyision Colonel StevenBon's di- vision 1.. ... ... IS 2 16 101 44 146 ••• 2 8 21 10 81 104 69 163 4 1 6 6 18 19 8 6 9 9 2 11 For partioiilars see Appendix D. HISTORY or THE MADRAS ARXT. 119 standing on a lofby mountain in the range of hills between OHAP. ZYII, the sources of the Taptee and the Poorna. Both divisions encamped near EUichpoor on the 5th Decemberj and halted on the 6th to establish a hospital for the wounded. On the same day the 1st battalion 2nd regiment^ under Lieutenant-Colonel Chalmers, was sent to drive the enemy from their position on the south of the fort, while two companies of the 94th, and the 1st battalion 6th regiment, all under Captain Maitland of the latter, took possession of the fortified village of Damergaum which commanded the road by which Colonel Stevenson was to advance in order to take up his position on the north of the fort, that being the side it was proposed to attack. Colonel Stevenson crossed the river Sapun near Jinkerra on the 7th, and reached his destination on the 12th, having experienced the greatest difficulty in getting his guns and stores over the hills and ravines through which his route lay. General Wellesley took up his ground at Deogaum on the southern side. Practicable breaches in the outer fort having been effected by the night of the 14th, the following dispositions were made for the assault on the next day. The storming parties, under Lieut. -Colonel William Dispodtioiis Kenny, 1st battalion 11th regiment, were composed of— J^^® One Serjeant and twelve volunteers 94th regiment in advance. First party. — One flank, and two battalion companies 94th, and the flank companies of the 2nd battalion 7th, and of the 1st and 2nd battalions 11th regi- ment under the immediate command of Colonel Kenny. Second party. — One flank, and two battalion companies 94th, and the flank companies 1st 120 HISTOBT OF THl XADEAS ABXT. CHAP.XVIL Attacks by General WeUealej's 4ivi8ioii« Capture of tkefort. battalion 6th^ 2nd battalion 9tli^ and 2nd battalion 2nd^ nnder Lieutenant*Colonel Desse of the last. Third party. — The remainder of the 94th nnder Major James Campbell, The 2nd brigade nnder Lient.-Colonel Haliburton, viz., the battalion companies 2nd of the 7th« and those of the 1st and 2nd of the 11th followed in support. A detail of artillery accompanied each of the storming parties. The first brigade nnder Lieutenant-Colonel Maclean formed the reserve. The troops were ordered to advance at 10 o'clock a.m. Two demonstrations were made from General Wellesley's camp at the same hour with the object of drawing the attention of the garrison from the real attack on the north. One of these, composed of the 74th, five companies of the 78th, and the 1st battalion 8th regi- ment, was commanded by Colonel Wallace. The other^ nnder Colonel Chalmers, was composed of five companies of the 78th, and the 1st battalion 10th regiment. The assault on the breach was successful, and the party under Colonel Chalmers happening to reach the north-west gate while the enemy were endeavouring to escape by it, he entered without difiiculty. Shortly afterwards, Captain Campbell, with the light company 94th, escaladed the wall of the inner fort, and opened the gate for the rest of the stormers. The garrison, composed of regular infantry, which had escaped from Argaum, and of Rajpoots, was numerous and well armed with English muskets and bayonets. Great numbers were killed, particularly at the breaches^ and at the gateways. mSTOBT OF THK 1IADRA.S ABUT. 121 Our oasnalties were trifling, viz., 126^ killed, wonndecl, chap. xvn. and miBsing. Gasoalties. The following is an extract from the order of the day : — " O.A.O. Camp at Deogaum, Thursday^ 16th Dec, 1803. ^ Major-Qeneral Wellesley has great satisfaction in con- Thanks to the gratnlating the troops nnderhis command npon the brilliant ^^* success of this day. *' In the course of this short bnt laborions siege, Major- General Wellesley has, with pleasure, observed in a]l, a most anxious and zealous desire to forward the service, the most steady perseverance in the performance of laborious services which would be thought impracticable by other troops, and that gallantry which they have shown so frequently during the campaign, and which has carried them with honor through so many difficulties. " The most laborious and brilliant part of the siege of Gawilghur fell to the lot of the subsidiary force serving with the Soubahof the Deccan, under the command of Colonel Btevenson; and Major-Qeneral Wellesley adopts this mode of declaring that he never witnessed such laborious and per-^ seyering exertions as were made by this corps to bring their ordnance and stores to the point of attack. 1 Europeans. Natives. K. W. M. K, W. M. Major-General WelleBlej'B division OolonelBtevensofn^ division 2 57 • • • • • 1 7 9 42 1 2 8 6 59 • • 8 61 Killed.— Lieatenant Young, 2nd battalion 7th N.I. Wonaded.— Lieutenant Parlby, 2nd battalion 7th N.I. Do. Lieatenant-Colonel Kennj, Ist battalion 11th N.I. YOL. m. 16 122 HISTORY or THE MADRAS ARKT. OHAP. XVII. Treaty of peace with the Rajah of Berar and Soindiak. Batifloation of the treaties, 1804. Boindiah's infantry, artillery. " The gallantry with which the attack was made by the detachment under the command of Lieutenant- Colonel Kenny^ has never been surpassed." Lieutonant-Colonels Desse and Lang» and Captain Campbell, H.M.'s 94th, also received the thanks of the General for their services on this occasion. The capture of this fortress having opened the way to Nagpore, the capital of Berar, the Rajah immediately sent Vakeels with full powers to conclude a peace. A treaty was signed accordingly at Deogaam on the 17th December. As this event enabled the General to prepare to direct his whole force against Scindiah, that chieftain also sued for peace, and on the 30th December, a treaty with him was concluded at Surjee Anjenganm. These treaties were ratified by the Governor-General in Council, the former on the 9th January, and the latter on the 4th February 1804. The following account of the troops of the Mahratta confederates is taken from a report made by Lieutenant- General Stuart to the Bight Honorable Lord Hobart : — " Scindiah*s army consisted of a large amount of infantry regularly constituted, composed of natives from the north of Hindostan, the finest men in India, conducted by European officers, and possessing all the advantages of discipline, of long experience in war, and of the confidence inspired by numerous successes. " His artillery had attained a degree of proficiency which was scarcely to be surpassed by the skili of European troops, and the founderies, which were established in his dominions under the direction of European officers, had supplied an extensive train of ordnanoe of excellent manufacture. ' This officer died in April 1804 from the effect of wounds reoeived at the storm. HISTOBT 09 THE MADBA8 ABMT. 123 cc His cavalry, althongb numerous, was inferior in qnaliiy CHAP.XYII. to his infiuitry, and inferior indeed in activity, boldness, ^^^ cavalry. and skill, to the former cavalry of the Mahrattas. " In all the actions which have been fought, his troops Their skill in performed evolutions vnth a &cility and order, which denoted a considerable progress in European tactics. ^* The troops of the Bajah of Berar were constituted upon Troops of the the same principles with those of Scindiah, but they possessed -q^^^ less experience, and were less respectable than the latter.*' Shortly after the conclusion of the treaties^ Major- General General Wellesley returned to the southward, leaving the m^hes to Hyderabad subsidiary force in Berar under Lieutenant- *^® sonth. Colonel Haliburton^ who had succeeded to the command on the departure of Colonel Stevenson.^ The Nizam's dominions were, at this time, infested by Banditti in hordes of banditti, principally composed of men former- ^^ijj^ * ly in his own service^ who had been discharged under the mistaken idea that the peace of the country could be preserved by the subsidiary force, which, howeyer, had never been equal to such a task, and when it was with- 1 The following is an extract from an order published in oamp, 80th December 180S t— " Major-General Wellesley is maoh oonoemed that Col. Stevenson's state of health should oblige him to qnit the field. * * Major- General Wellesley has, for some years, had the assistance of Colonel Stevenson in the varions services in which both have been employed by the Gk>Temment of Fort St. Oeorge, and, in the coarse of that time, he has derived the greatest advantage from his great experience, his adyioe and opinions, on all occasions, as well as a zealons and active discharge of all the dnties of an officer in his situation in the field, particularly in this last campaign." The Colonel embarked for England in March 1804, upon which occasion he received the thanks of Government for the long series of important and distinguished services which he had rendered to the Etate. Colonel Welsh in his Reminiscences, Vol. I, page 192, says that Golonel Stevenson died a few days after the battle of Argaum — a strange mistake to have been made by an officer who was present at the siege of Gawilghur. 1 124 HIBTOBT or THB KADBAB AfilTt. CHAP.XYii. drawn for the pnrpoie of acting againBt the MahraHa confederates^ the number of marauders increased, and they became so daring as to attack detachments of British troops, wrh^""* On the 11th December a company of the 1st battalion detachment, dth, under Lieutenant Wight of that regiment^ which was escorting two lacks of treasure to Hyderabad for the use of General Wellesley's diyision, was attacked near the town of PaunguP by a body of about 1,200 men, who, after an obstinate contest, were repulsed with the loss of their leader, and a number of his followers. Lieutenant Wight also sustained some loss both in killed and wounded, but he made his way with the treasure to the village of Jamapooram, where he main- tained himself until relieved by Major Bowness, 1st battalion 17th regiment, then commanding a detachment near Paungul. Lieutenant Wight and the native officers and men received the thanks of the Commander-in-Chief conveyed in general orders of the 22nd January 1804. Defeat of General Wellesley arrived at Jaulna on the 19th Janu- Munkai^r * *^ 1804, and while there he received a deputation from 18^ the town of Bheer,^ soliciting protection against a numer- ous and formidable band of freebooters, who, after having beaten a body of the Nizam's troops, and taken their gnns^ were then plundering the country, and threatening Bheer. In compliance with this requisition, the General crossed the Godavery on the 24th, and on the 2nd February, while in camp at Neemgaum, about 30 miles south-east of Ahmednuggur, he received information to the effect that the marauders were in the neighbourhood of Perinda^ upon which he resolved to attempt to surprise them. He ^ The Bonthem district of the Hyderabad ooimtiy just north of ih» Kisiaia. ' Nizam's dominionSj about 70 miles east of Ahmednuggur. filSTOBY or THE MADRAS ASMT. 125 acoordingly left Neemganm on the 8rd with all his 0HA.P.XVII. cayalry^^ and a srieot body of infantry, and arriyed at "*^ SaUgaon, about 18 niileB north-west of Perinda, on the4th. He resnmed his march that night, and came np with the eaemy abont 9 a.m. on the 6th, jost as they had moved off from their encampment at Monkaisir. They were immediately followed and dispersed by the cavalry, who killed great numbers. All their guns, ammunition, and stores fell into our hands. Our infantry arrived at Munkaisir with the cavalry, but from the nature of the action, they were unable to co-operate farther than by taking possession of the enemy's camp. The General in a letter to Major Malcolm, dated on the BzertionB of 7th, thus described the conduct of the detachment : — m&aC ^* The exertion made by the troops is the greatest I ever witnessed. Eyery thing was over by 12 o'clock on the 5th, and, I think that, by that time, the infantry must have marched 60 miles from 6 in the morning on the 4th. '' We halted from 12 in the day till 10 at night on the 4th, so that we marched 60 miles with infantry in twenty hours." In a letter of the same date to Colonel Murray, he observed : — ^ I think we now begin to beat the Mahrattas in the celerity of our movements.'' General Wellesley quitted the army near Perinda on rpj^e General the 23rd February, and proceeded to Bombay, leaving |?®"*? Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace in command. About the middle of April Lieutenant-Colonel Lang, Betaohment commanding a brigade in Berar, composed of the 1st and ^ ^o>^* 2nd battalions 11th regiment, with a proportion of ^ H.X.'8 19ih light dragooDB 1 the 4th, 6th, and 7th oayalxy, and the Mysore and Mahratta horse; H.M.'s 74th' regiment $ the Ist battf^ lion Sth regiment ; 100 men from each of the other native corps in oamp> vis., Ist of 2nd, Ist of Srd, 1st of 46h, 1st of 10th, and 2nd of 12th ; 160 pioneen ; and a party of artillery with 4 gnns. 126 HiaTOtLT Of TBI MADRAS ABXT. CHAP. XYil. artillery and pioneers, which had been detached from the Hyderabad subsidiary force in January^ for the purpose of establishing the authority of the Nizam in that province, surprised and defeated a body of freebooters under the command of Denojee Desmookh, Nayaram Pant, and Ismael Khan. General Wellesley rejoined the army on the 22nd May, when he recalled Lieutenant«Colonel Lang from Berar, and made arrangements to collect a force at Aurungabad with the view of attacking Holkar's possessions in Candeish. He then resigned command of the subsidiary forces, and left Poonah on the 24th June for Calcutta in compliance with the instructions of the Governor-General. The following is an extract from the order of the day : — The Ocneral goes to Galoatta. Order on the oooasion. ^' Camp at Poonah, Sunday, 24dh June 1804. '^ Upon the occasion of quitting the army in consequence of the orders of the Governor-General, M^jor-General Wellesley once more returns his thanks to the officers and troops for their uniform good conduct since he has had the honor of commanding them. In the space of little more than a year, those in this quarter in particular, now composing the sub- sidiary forces serving with the Peshwah, and the Soubahdar of the Deccan, and those which are under orders to march to the southward, have been tried in every mode in which it is possible to try troops, and have uniformly manifested that patience under fatigues, and severity of climate, that activity and perseverance in labor, and bravery and discip- line in action, which are the characteristic qualities of the best soldiers ; their success, and the honor which the troops have acquired are proportionate to the good qualities which they have displayed : on which qualities Major^General Wellesley has always had the fullest reliance in every emergency of the service. He now recommends to them an adherence to the principles which have brought them with HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ABKT. 127 honor through so many difficultieSy as the certain pledge of CHAP. XYII. fatare snocess.'* All ordnance and military stores taken dnrinfi: the PriEe-inonej . and batta. campaif^ were reserved by Government, but Major- Oeneral Wellesley was authorised to distribute to the troops, in the usual proportions^ the captured treasure and other property^ valued at 11^62,196 Hyderabad rupees, and a donation equal to six months' full batta was granted to the European ofBcers as compensation for the extraordinary expenses to which they had been subjected. On the 10th November 1804^ the Resolutions of the Thanks of the House of Commons, dated 8rd May^ in which the officers oommong. and men were thanked for their services during the war^ were republished at Fort St. George, together with those of the Coud) of Directors, and the General Gourt of Proprietors of the East India Company to the same effect. The Governor-General in Council directed that these Resolutions should be read at the several stations to the troops under arms, and that they should be particularly explained to the native ranks. Field Force in the Doab, 1803. When Major-General Wellesley first advanced into the Army of Mahratta country, a strong force was assembled in the ^' Baicbore Doab as a reserve under General Stuart, the Commander-in-Chief , but the retention of this having been considered unnecessary, he returned to Madras in August, and the force was disposed of in the following manner, viz., two battalions ^ of native infantry were sent to join General Wellesley — a division, composed of cavalry, artillery, infantry, and pioneers, remained near Moodgul in the Doab under Major-General Dugald Campbell com- manding the Ceded districts, and the remaining regi- 1 lat battalion 4th regiment—Major HUl. let do. 10th do. — Major PaUai. 128 BISTORT or THI XADRAS ABICT. CHAP. XYII. ments were sent back icto the territories of the Company. Qmer^ Early in December 1808 Major-(}eneral Campbell d*°tro*8^a ^''^ssed the river Malpurba for the purpose of protecting body of frM. the conntry of Biddojee Bao Nimbnlkor, Appah Dessaye, Dosh. which had been invaded and plundered by the Polygar of Jelloor during the absence of the Dessaye, who^ with his quota of troops, had joined General Wellesley in the field. Gleneral Campbell^ having accomplished this object^ received information, on the 27th December, of the irruption into the Doab, and advance towards the Company's territories, of a body of Mahratta freebooters^ consisting of about 10,000 horse, and a number of irregular infantry, all under Mahomed Beg Ehan, a leader who had assumed the title of Dhoondia. Leaving Colonel Urban Vigors, the second in command^ to follow by easy stages, General Campbell marched from Woodapoory on the 28th, with all his cavalry,^ the flank companies of his infantry, and detachments of artillery and pioneers. The next morning he recrossed the Hal-* purba and reached Jallyhal,^ where he surprised a party of horse which had been detached to watch his movements. The General left Jallyhal at 7 p.m. on the 29th, and after a night-march of 80 miles, he surprised the camp of the freebooters, about 6 miles from Hunmunsagor ' at day-- break on the 30th, and instantly charged into the centre of it with his cavalry. Two thousand of the enemy were killed upon the spot, and upwards of one 11ioufiand» amongst whom was Mahomed Beg Khan, were wounded or taken prisoners. The rest, throwing down their arms,^ dispersed in all directions. 1 H.M.'b 22nd light dragoons} the Ist and 2nd native oavalrj^ H.M/8 88rd and 80th foot; Ist battalion 12tb, and Ist battalion I7ih regiments N.I. s District of Belgaion, Lat. 16** 60^, Long. W 4». s Baichoor Doab, Lat. 16** 63', Long. W h\ BISTORT or THB MADRAS ABHT. 129 The whole of their baggage and upwards of 20,000 OHAP.XTII. carriage-bollocks fell into our hands. The casnaltiea ^ cm our Side were trifling. Qenanl Oampbell, and the troops, received the thanks Thanks to tha of GoTemmenty and the Oommander-in-Ohief, for this ^'^P^ brilliant affair, by which the Doab and the Ooinpany's coimtry were, in aU probability, saved from a renewal of the evils occasioned by Dhoondia. The General spoke highly of the conduct of the troops of all arms, and especially mentioned the flank companies^ of H^.'s 33rd under Lientenant-Golonel Elliot, who were up with the cavalry at the commencement of the attack. Occupation or the Pbovincb of Cuttack, 1803-05. During Augpist and September 1803 an expedition was formed at Gtmjam for the purpose of taking possession of the province of Cuttack, then belonging to the Bajah of Berar^ The force was placed under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Harconrt H.M.'s 12th legiment, in consequence of the illness of Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, H.M.'s 74th, commanding in the Northern Division. The troops 'left G an jam on the 8th September, and occupied Juggernauth on die 18th without opposition. ^ H.]C.'8 22ud dmgoons— 1 man and 2 horses killed, 12 men and 88 borses wounded, 34 horses missing. Ist oavaliy — 1 man killed, 2 horses missing. 2nd do. — 8 men and 7 horses woonded, 4 horses missing. * The Enropeans did not carry knapsacks, the native troops did. » H.M.'s 22nd regiment 200-n 20th regiment B.N.I SOD C From Calcutta. Detachment, Bengal artilleiy So) Madras European regiment 800^ let battaHon 9th rogiment (9th M.N.I. ... 686 1st battalion 19th regiment (87th giena- I ^^^ ^® North- diers) ... 956 ' em Ciroars. Detachment, Madras artillery 80 Do. do. oayalry ... ... 60^ VOL. m. 17 130 HI8T0BT or THB XADIUB ABITT. Storm of Barabnttj. CHAP. XYn. They were delayed at that place on aoconnt of the inmi* dated state of the country^ and did not resume their march nntil the 24th9 on which day the advanced gaard had several skirmishes with the enemy. The town of Guttack was entered on the 10th October without resistance^ and the adjoining fort of Barabutty was taken by storm on the 14th idem, after which the greater part of the pro- yince submitted. The casualties during the operationB from the time of leaving Jnggemauth were small^ viz., 6 killed, and 47 wounded. The officers and men were thanked by the Govemor- Oeneral in Council in an order dated at Fort William on the 22nd October 1803. During November 1804 it was found necessary to move against the Bajah of Koordah in Jnggemauth. His fort was taken after some resistance^ and he came in and surrendered soon afterwards. Early in 1805 a force was sent against the Rajah of Kunkah in the north of the district^ and succeeded in obliging him to submit in March. With this event the conquest of the province may be said to have been completed. Operations against tho ohiefs of Koordah and Xnnksh. Warwitli Qolkar, 1804 Opbbatioks in Gakdeish, 1804-05. During our operations against Scindiah, and the Bajah of Berar^ Jeswunt Bao Holkar was engaged in predatory incursions in the province of Malwa, in the course of which he levied enormous sums of money^ and captured booty of every description. With these means^ he was enabled to employ a number of soldiers discharged by Soindiah at the close of the war^ and early in 1804 he was at the head of an army consisting of nearly 80^000 men. Intoxicated by success he made the most extra- vagant demands for the cession of territory^ both in the BISTORT Of TBI MADRAS ARMT. 131 upper provinces, and in the Deccan, and, on these being OHAP. x Vil* refused by the GK)vemor«Gteneral, he took np a threaten- ing position^ and sent plundering parties into the country of the Bajahof Jeypoor, anally of the British GK)yemment. All attempts at an accommodation having failed, orders were issued about the middle of April for the commence- ment of hostile operations against Holkar in Hindostan, and also in the Deccan. The force at, and near Agra under General Lake, destined for this service, was com- posed of Bengal troops, and that which was directed to advance into Malwa from Guzerat under Golonel Murray belonged to the Presidency of Bombay. The reduction of Holkar's possessions in Candeish was entrusted to the Madras Army, and with this object part^ of the Poonah subsidiary force, under Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace, marched on the 22nd August, and formed a junction with a detachment * of the Hyderabad subsidiary force under Lieutenant-Colonel Haliburton near Aurungabad on the 27th September. Colonel Wallace assumed command of the whole, and Capture of on the 8th October he came before the hill fort of Chan- ^ Detaohment of artillery. •^1- J ».*.i- 1 A/w^ ( Lientenant-Oolonel Hndleston 6th iHid 7th oaraliy ^. 000 ( commanding the brig.de. H.M.'b 74th regiment ... 200 -n Lieatenant.Golonel Coleman, lat battalioii Srd regiment. 600 I H.M.'8 84th oommanding the 1st do. 8th do. ... 600 3 brigade. Two oompanies pioneers* ' Detachment of Artillery. Srd and Sth cavalry aboat 700. H.li's 9ith regiment n »^™* 800 1 Lientenant-Oolonel Lang, 1st of Ist battalion 11th regi- ( 11th. ment about 700' Snd battalion Snd regi- . ment aboat 900 1 Lientenant-Oolonel Deaw, 2nd 2nd battalion 7th regi- ( of 2nd. mentabont 900/ 132 HISTOBT or TBI MADUS ABHT. CHAP. xvn. dore.^ The pettah was taken the same evening withont resistanoej and early on the morning of the 9th, a colomn compoaed of two companies of tiie 94th, 150 details serving with the pickets, and 800 of the 1st battalion Srd regiment^ attacked and carried the lower fort, and took possession of the outworks between it and the npper fort. This was accomplished withont loss on onr side, but a number of the enemy, principally Arabs, were killed. The garrison surrendered on the 12th, and were permitted to march oat with their private property. The upper fort was found to be remarkably strong, and capable of making a g^d defence. Capture of When approaching Chandore on the 8th, the 2nd battalion 7th regiment under Captain Brown, with a couple of 12-pounders, was detached against the fort of Lussulgaum, situated about 18 miles to the south of Chandore, regarding the strength of which we had no information. The gate of the pettah was blown open, and the men advanced without much opposition, but on getting through the pettah they found themselves in . front of a high citadel, from which so heavy a fire was opened that the European officers were either killed or disabled, and the greater part of the ammunition having been expended, the battalion retired into the pettah, where it was joined during the night by a reinforcement composed of a regiment of native cavalry, two companies of the 94th, and five companies 1st battalion 11th regi- ment, all under Major Simons of the latter. The assault was renewed early on the morning of the 9th, and tlie place was carried by the storming party under Captain Lindsay of the 11th, after a desperate resistance made by the Arab garrison, all of whom, 80 in number, were ^ Abont 86 miles wett-north-wMi from AtmiDgmbad* 1^^ B10TOBT Of THX MADRAS ARlfT. 133 The caanaltieB^ at both attackB amomited to 9 QHAP.ZVIL killed and 37 wounded. The fort of Dhoorb. sitnated about 18 mUes weat c£ 8axT«id«r of Chandore, haying been included in the capitulation of that place^ it was taken poaeeBaion of on the 14th9 by a detachment 1 at battalion 8ird regimentj under Captain Welsh. . On the 2l8t the force arrived at Gabia. a hill fort of Oaptnrd of great atrength situated about 87 miles north- weat of Aumngabad. The pettah waa occupied on the 22nd without oppoaition^ except by the fire frcon the fort which did no execution owing to the good coyer afforded by the buildings in the pettah. Two breachea were made during the 25thj and the Killadar aurrendered the next day on condition that he and the garriaon ahould be per- mitted to retire with their private property. The aacenta to the breaches were extremely difficulty and, aa the garrison conaiated of 500 men, chiefly Araba, all well armed, it waa fortunate that the place had not to be atormed. The loaa in the Hyderabad ' detachment Oasnaltiea. amounted to 1 man killed and 9 men wounded. The capture of theae f orta having deprived Holkar of all Colonel hia poaaeasions to the aouth of the river Taptee^ Lieute- BwuMirik nant-Oolonel Wallace proceeded to Bunneira, a central poaitionin Gandeiah, where he encamped pending further ordera. ^ Artilleiy — ^Lieatenaiit Purrifl and 2 men killed, 7 men woonded. H.M'b. 94th regiment — 1 dmmmer, 6 rank and file wonnded. 2nd battalion 7th regiment — Oaptain Brown and 6 men killed. Do. do. — laentenant Parlby and 19 men woonded* let battalion Uth regiment — 2 priyates wonnded* Piooeen — 1 Serjeant wonnded. * The fflMmaltfiiWf ia the Poonah f oroe are not forthooming. Colonel Halibnrton reported them ae fewer than those of the Hyderabad detachment. 184 HI8T0BT or THl XADRiS IBICT. CHAP. XVII. The iervices of Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace, and of Thanks to the troops, wete daly acknowledged by the Governor- the teoopi. General, and the operations were described by General Wellesley as haying been of the greatest importance, and as haying been performed with a degree of gallantry, celerity, and skill, seldom sorpassed. Colonel Lientenant-Oolonel Haliborton, haying been promoted commandB to the rank of Colonel about this time, assumed command inOandeuh. ^{ ^^^ whole force, shortly after which Lieutenant- Colonel Wallace was recalled to Poonah, but the brigades from that place under Lieutenant-Colonels Coleman and Hudleston continued in the field. Enters Benur* Early in December, Mr. Jenkins, then acting Resident with Scindiah, suspecting that the Rajah of Berar medi- tated an incursion into the territories of the Nissam, called up the Madras troops from Candeish. In compli- ance ¥rith this requisition. Colonel Haliburton arrived at Omraoty ^ on the 16th January 1805, but the alarm proving to be without foundation, he withdrew and EnoampB at encamped at Futtypoor, close to the frontier of West Berar, about 30 miles south-west of the town of Mulka- poor, where he remained until February, when, in Falla bade to conformity with instructions from the Qt) vemor- General, he fell back to the northern bank of the Gk>dayery near Peepulgaum* Attacks on thi Camp or thb Risident wtth Scindiah, 1804-05. Wittul Punt, the Minister of Scindiah, having died in October 1804, was succeeded by Sirjee Rao Ghatkay, an inveterate enemy of the British, who, in the hope of ^ A large town in Berar, 84 miles sonth-eaBt of EUiohpoor. HISTOBT Of THI MADRAS ABHT. 135 oompromismg his master, induced a body of Pindaries to CHAP.xyn. attack the camp of Mr. Jenkins^ the Acting Resident^ on the night of the 27th December 1804. The attack was December made in large numbers, and baggage valued about ^^^ 12,000 rupees was carried off, but most of the public property was saved by the exertions of the escort, who, at last, succeeded in beating off the marauders. In conse- quence of this affair, and of Scindiah's refusal to dismiss Ja&n^ the Minister, Mr. Jenkins quitted the camp on the 23rd January 1805, and marched to a distance of 14 miles. He was immediately followed by messengers entreat- ing him to return, and promising compliance with his demands. Mr. Jenkins accordingly returned on the 24th, but on the 25th, while in attendance on Scindiah accompanied by Lieutenant Josiah Stewart,^ commanding the escort, his camp was surrounded by a large body of ScindiaVs Pindarries, who succeeded in plundering it in spite of the gallant defence made by the escort, composed of two companies 2nd battalion 11th regiment, and a party of the body guard. Lieutenant Green of the llth^ and Mr. Wise, the Besidency Surgeon, were wounded, and several men of the detachment killed and wounded. Scindiah, who was believed to have been innocent of any complicity with the perpetrators of this outrage, expressed great horror and regret, and promised full reparation. Mr. Jenkins, in his report to the Supreme Government, (}ood which was republished in General Orders at Madras on the eeoort. the 21st May 1806, spoke most highly of the conduct of Lieutenants Stewart and Green, and of that of the native officers and men of the detachment ; in consideration of which he recommended that the &milies of those who > Afterwards Besident ftt Hyderabad, 1880. 136 HTBtOBY OV THl MABBAS ABUT. CHAP. XVII. heA fallen Bhoald be granted the same indalgences * as those enjoyed by tiie heirs of men killed daring the Mabratta war. This recommendation was duly complied with, and those of the detachment who had been disabled by woan& were placed on the pension list. (General Wellesley returned to Seringapatam on the 30th November 1804. On the 9th February 1805 he finally left that place for Madras on his way to England, and on the 9th March he issued his farewell order to the army. Oenenl WeUesley'a flareweU order, 1805. ** Oeneral Order hy Majors Oenl. the Ron, Sir A, Wellesley ^ K.B. *" Fort Saint George, 9th March 1805. ^' Major-General Sir Arthur Wellesley informs the troops under his command that he has received the permission of His Excellency the Govemor-Gteneral to resign the political and military powers with which he had lately been intrusted in the Deccan, and the leave of His Excellency the Com* mander-iu- Chief to proceed to England. *' He cannot avoid expressing the regret which he feels upon taking leave of o£Scers and troops with whom he has served so long. *< In the course of the period of time which has elapsed since Major-General Wellesley was appointed to the command of a division of this army, various services have been performed by the troops, and great difficulties have been snrmounted with a steadiness and perseverance which have seldom been surpassed. Upon every occasion, whether in garrison or in the field, the Major-Qeneral has had reason to be satisfied with their conduct, and he once more returns them his thanks, and assures them that he shall never forget their ^ The families of the men of the body guard who were kiUed on the ocoaslon in question had ahready been admitted on Uie pension eetab- lighment. mSTOBT OY THX ICABBAS ABUT. 187 •emoeOy or cease to feel a lively intereat in wbatever may CHAP. XVII. oasoem them. "He earnestly recommends to tlie officers of the army Beyer to lose sight of the great principles of the military service, to preserve the discipline of the troops, and to enconr- age in their respective corps the spirit and sentiments of gentlemen, and of soldiers^ as the most certain road to the achievement of everything that is gpreat in their profession." Conclusion of the War, 1806. Early in 1805 the conduct of Scindiah appeared so suspicions that it was considered necessary to be pre« parecT for a renewal of hostilities, and on the 20th April Oolonel Halibnrton^ was ordered to advance to his former position at Futtypoor. Affairs were in this state when Scindiah, on the approach towards him of the army under General Lake, suddenly made a precipitate retreat towards the Chumbul, by which the Governor-General was relieved from any apprehension of war in the Deccan. Neveartheless, it was still thought expedient that the Hadras Field force should proceed to Futtypoor as directed^ there to await the course of events. ^ 8rd and 6th regiments of oavalry ; H.M.'s 94th regimeaoLt ; Ist batta^ lion Stli, 2nd battalion Snd, 2nd battalion 7th, Ist and 2nd battaHons 11th regiment ; detachments of artillery and pioneers. The foxoe was Joined shortly afterwards by tlie Ist cavalry from Bellary, and the Ist battalion 7th Bombay native infanti^^ from Poonah. JTB. — Flart of the Ifadras troops serving with the Poonah force tetnmed towards the south at this time, vis., the 6th and 7th oavaliy SN route to the Camatio, the Ist battalion Srd regiment to Poonah, and R.H.'b 74th regiment to Madras for embarkation to England. The last had, by that time, been rednoed by hard senrioe and oasaalties to about 220 tank and file. A very complimentary order acknowledging the eminent services rendered by this regiment was published at FcMi St. George on the S7th August 1805, shortly before the embarkation. VOL, III. 18 138 HISTOBY OF THE MADRAS ABHT. OHAP.XVII. Defeat of Arabs on the Beema. Breaking np of the force, 1806. Defeat of Mahratta horse. The 1st cavalry, under Major Neale, which had left Bellary aboat the end of March in order to join the Poonah Subsidiary force near Ahmednnggar, arrived at Baramuttee on the 23rd Aprils and while there Major Neale received intelligence that a body of freebooters was in the neighbourhood of Inderpoor. On the 24th he was joined by a detachment 1st battalion 2nd regiment under Lieutenant Peile, and making a night march he crossed the Beema at 8 a.m. on the 25th, and two hours later he came in sight of the enemy at the village of Cowutgaum. The mounted portion went o£f at once, but the infantry, consisting of about 850 Arabs, formed in front of their encampment. The ground was very unfavorable for cavalry, being rocky and much inter- sected by ravines, but Major Neale pushed on, and the enemy broke on his approach, taking post amongst some adjoining rocks from whence they opened a smart fire. However, they were soon dislodged and most of them killed. The loss of the cavalry was trifling, viz., 8 men, and 8 horses killed and wounded. Several standards and a quantity of baggage were taken. This service was brought to the favorable notice of Government by Colonel Wallace, commanding the Poonah force. Colonel Haliburton having died in July, was succeeded in the command at Futtypoor by Colonel Wallace, who retained it until the early part of 1806, when the ratifica- tion of a new treaty with Scindiah, and the conclusion of peace with Holkar, led to the breaking up of the force shortly afterwards. The troops belonging to the Hyder- abad Subsidiary force returned to Hyderabad under Lieutenant-Colonel Lang, and Colonel Wallace marched to Poonah with the rest. During the continuance of the force near Futtypoor, detachments were sent out from time to time against the HISTORY OV THE MADBAS ABMT. 139 bands of maraaders by wbicb tbe country was infested. CHAP. XYII. One of these detachments, composed of the 2nd cavalry, the 2nd battalion 7th regiment^ and a party of artillery, nnder Captain Hopeton Scott of the 7th, surprised a body of Mahratta plunderers near Mulkapoor on the 22nd December- 1805. Their number was computed at 3,000 horse, 4 guns, and a small party of infantry. They were completely defeated, losing their guns and baggage. The following is an extract of a letter from the Gover- Thanks nor-6eneral in Council to the Madras Grovemment on Governor- the conclusion of the war, which was published at Fort General. St. George on the 27th May 1806 :— " On the occasion of withdrawing the armies of the esta- blishments of the several Presidencies from the duties of the field, and placing them in cantonments in consequence of the late honorable and advantageous peace with Jeswunt Rao Holkar, we disdiarge a satisfactory obligation of our public duty in conveying to your Lordship in Council the expres- sion of the high sense we entertain of the distinguished conduct of the officers and men of that portion of His Majesty's and the Honorable Company's forces attached to the Presidency of Fort St. George which has been employed on active service during the late contest. *' Under every trial of fatigue and difficulty incident to a protracted term of military service in countries recently exposed to the injuries of famine and the ravages of war, the officers and troops of His Majesty's and the Honorable Company's service employed under the Presidency of Fort St. George have manifested an exemplary degree of fortitude, activity and military discipline ; and in the execution of the military operations which required their services, their con- duct has been distinguished by every quality of perseverance, gallantry, and skill, which can tend to elevate the reputation and establish the ascendancy of the British arms. ** We request that your Lordship in Council will be pleased to direct the communication of these sentiments to 140 HI8T0BT OF THB MADBAS ABMY. CHAP. XTII. tfae offioera and men of His Majeaty^s and the Honorable Oompanj'fl forces of the ProBidenoy of Forb St. George engaged in the duties of the field daring the late contest with Jeswnnt Bao Holkar." Acqnimtion By the saccessful issue of the war with the Mahratta ^^' confederates^ the East India Company acquired a large accession of territory. The Upper Doab between the Ganges and Jumna, and the fort of Baroach with the country dependent thereon, were ceded by Scindiah. The province of Cuttack, including the fort and district of Balasore, was ceded by the Bajah of Berar. Belief of the Madras Tboops at Poonah, 1804-6. When the Madras troops were ordered into Malabar and Canara, it was determined that the subsidiary force at Foonah should, for the future, be furnished from Bombay, with the exception of the regiment of native cavalry, which was to be sent from Madras. The relief commenced about the middle of 1804, but in consequence of the threatening attitude of Scindiah and other circumstances, it was not completed before March 1806, when the remaining Madras battalions, viz., the Ist of the 2nd at Poonah, the 2nd of the 3rd at Ahmed- nuggtir, and the 1st of the 8th in the neighbourhood of that place, were withdrawn to their own Presidency. MiLITABT OpBBATIONS WITHIN THE LiHITS OF THE Madbas Pbbsidenct, 1804-5. Ovihreak in Dindigul, 1804. On the 19th June 1804, Mr. Parish, Collector and Magistrate of Madura, left Dindigul for Yeerapatchy in consequence of certain disturbances existing in that part of the district, but as these were not believed to be serious, his escort was limited to 40 sepoys and about 200 armed peons. HISTOBT or TBB MADBiLS ARMY. 141 On ihe afternoon of the 20tli^ when within a march of CHAP. XVII. destination y Mr. Parish was attacked by a body of xhe CoUeotor the insurgents, estimated at about 1,000 men. After y^^^^ maintaining his ground for some time, during which he lost seyeral of his best peons, Mr. Parish retreated to a dismantled fort necur the place where he had been attacked, and from thence he made his way back to Dindignl, where he arrivied the next day. On receipt of this intelligence &t Trichinopoly, five Captain companies 2nd battalion 13th regiment (26th M.N.I.) sa^reBses were immediately dispatched to Dindignl under Captain J^^"*""*^^*^' Galbraith Hamilton. On the night of the 4th July a party of the rebels under Letchmana Naigue, their principal leader, was surprised near Poottoomuttum by Captain Hamilton with the flank companies of his detach- ment. Several of the rebels were killed, and the rest dispersed, leaving 80 pikes and several matchlocks on the ground. Captain Hamilton again surprised Letchmana Naigue about noon on the 7th while resting with his party in the bed of a river. A few were killed, the rest fled, leaving 86 pikes, 17 matchlocks, 4 jinjals, and a number of swords. Letchmana Naigue was taken on the 1 1th by the Poly- gar of Myawaddy, and pven up to Captain Chambers commanding a detachment 2nd battalion 6th regiment at Columbum. The disturbances ceased after this capture, and the troops returned into cantonments. Operations in the Chittoer PollamSf 1804-5. At the period of the transfer of the Camatic to the Bebeilioa of British Government in perpetual sovereignty, under the of %iittS^ operation of the treaty cop«- The 2nd battab'on 1st regiment, which had been employed during the rains without cover, had upwards of 200 men on the sick list in May 1806. SUCCBSSION OV GOVBRNORS AND C!oM]CANDXBS-IN-ChIIF, 1808-6. Lord William Bentinck succeeded Lord Clive as LordW. Governor of the Presidency of Fort St. George on the ^»<^««*. 30th August I808i Lieutenant-General Stuart resigned on the 21st Octo- Lientenant* ber 1804, and was succeeded, as a temporary measure, by gtwru* Major-General Dugald Campbell of the Madras Army. General Stuart issued an order on his departure, from which the following is an extract : — *' Lieutenant-General Stuart retires from the oommand of an army, with which it has been his fortune to serve during a considerable ^ portion of his life. > Landed at Madras, April 1782, in command of UM.'» 78th (preeent 78nd). Serredat the attaok on Cnddalore, 1788. With Colonel Fal. larton'fl army in the loath, 1783-84 Mysore campaign, 1790-98. Siege of Pondiohery, 1798. Expedition to Ceylon, 1796-98. Commander- in-Chief, Bombay, 1797. Siege of Seringapatam, 1799. Commander-in- Chief, Madras, 1801. 150 HI8T0BT or THl MADRAS ABUT. QBAP. xyn. lientena&t- Genenl OnidoQk. GOTBlllOl'S- Geoeral, 1806-0. "In the several gradations of his oommand over His jesty'Sy and the Honorable Ck)mpan7*s troops serving nnder the Presidency of Fort St. George, Lieatenant-Gbneral Stnart has found his authority supported by a spirit of liberal subordination pervading every rank, and by a seal and energy for the public interests which have commanded his appro« bation and respect." • ' • • • " The welfare of the Army of Fort St. George will for ever hold an everlasting place in his remembrance, and a solid claim on his sincere attachment ; his parting good wishes for its honor, and prosperity are derived from the most power- ful motives of personal affection, and public gratitude." Lieutenant-Genend Sir J. F. Cradock, afterwards Lord Howden^ assumed oommand on the 13th February 1805. Lord Wellesley was succeeded by Lord Gomwallis, who took his seat as Governor-General on the SOth July 1805. He died at Ghazeepoor on the 6th October of the same year^ and was succeeded by Sir G. H. Barlow of the Civil Service, who was superseded in 1806 by Lord Minto. HISTORY or THS MADRAS ARMT. 151 OHAP. xvn. Oavalst, 1803-1806. An additional regiment of cavalry^ numbered the 8th ^ was raised at Arcot in May 1804, the nnclens being com- posed of drafts of men and horses from the other seven regiments. The corps of oayalry was then formed into four bri- Brigades, 1804. gades, the whole to be under the command of Major* General Dugald Campbell. First brigade, 1st and 5th regimentB ... Major-Oenl. famp- bell. Second do. 2nd and 6th do. ... Colonel Stevenson. Third do. 8rd and 7th do. ... Colonel Pftter. Fourth do. 4th and 8th do. ... Colonel Orr. Subadar Oawder Nawaz Khan of the 4th cavalry Sabadar having been employed in situations of a confidential and ^^awi^Khaii. important nature under Major-General Wellesley during the campaign in the Deocan^ his services were brought to the special notice of Government in August 1804, whereupon he was rewarded by an allowance of 100 rupees per mensem in addition to a pension equal to the full pay and batta of his rankj and the usual allowance for the maintenance of a palankin. The additional allowance was paid in arrears from the date of the battle of Assaye in conformity with a resolution to that effect by the Govemor»Qeneral in Council. About the middle of 1806 enlistments for the cavalry Bnlistments, were limited to men between 17 and 25 years of age. No man to be taken under 4 feet 5 inches^ and no recruits enlisted except Mahomedans of good sects, Rajpoots, Mahrattas, and Bachwars. ^ The 8th was reduced on the 9th Deoember 1867, and the 6th, Gth, and 7th on the Slat December 1860. 152 HISTORY or THE MADRAS ARKT. CHAP. xvn. In December of the same year detachments from each Depdt for regiment were ordered to Arcot for the purpose ot being inBtraotion. inatmcted in one uniform system by Lieutenant Neville, H.M/s 19th light dragoons, under the general superin- tendence of the Officer commanding the cantonment. Detaohmeiifc The officers and men of the Madras cavalry serving with Bengal, 1806. the Oovemor-General's body g^ard in Bengal, returned to Madras in January 1806 under Captain Doveton of the 7th regiment. Those still fit for service were distributed amongst the several regiments, and the rest transferred to the pension establishment. Mess On the 30th June an allowance of thirty-five pagodas per mensem when marching, or in the field, or of eighteen pagodas per mensem when in garrison or cantonment, was granted to each regiment of cavalry in which an Officers' mess was maintained. HI8T0BT OF THK VADBAB A,BKT. 153 Abtillibt, 1803-1806. CHAP^VIL In April 1805 orders were issned for the formation of a Hone small body of Horse Artillery, to be composed of drafts ^^**^' of selected men from the two battalions of artillery, and the regiments of native cavalry. The establishment of the European portion was fixed Bnropraa as follows : — 1 Captain. 2 Lieutenants. 2 Lieutenant- Fireworkers. 1 Assistant Surgeon. 5 Serjeants. 5 Corporals. 10 Gunners. 82 Matrosses. * 1 Native Trumpeter. 2 Native Farriers. Non-EffecHve Staff. I Adjutant and Quarter- master. 1 Serjeant- Major. 1 Quartermaster^ Serjeant. 179 horses, viz., 57 for saddle and 122 for draught. Non- CllA0 ABUT. OHAP.xyn* The native troopj which was to be thoroaghly in- Native troop. Btmcted in the duties of artillery^ consisted of — Natiye foot artillery or Gk>landaiuBe. Unifomi of horse artillery and of 1 Lieutenant. 1 Second-Lieutenant. 1 Subadar. 2 Jemadars- 4 Havildars. 4 Naigues. 1 Trumpeter. 1 Farrier. 70 Priyates. 2 Beoruit boys. 1 Puokally. 82 HorsekeeperSi 84 Grass-cutters, and 88 horses. The mider9ientioned officers of artillery were posted to the troop : — Oaptain-Lieutenaut Noble, Commandant. Lieutenant G. W. Poignand. Do. E. M. G. Showers. Do. W. M. Burton. Do. Waiter Shairpe. Lieutenant H. T. Budyard. Do. B. Beauchamp Procter. Mr. Asst. Surgeon D. Ainslie. Officers were to provide their horses on the same principle and terms as officers of cavaliy. On the 29th of the same month an order vras issued directing that two companies of natiye foot artillery, of the undermentioned strength, should be raised, one company to be attached to each battalion of European artillery : — 1 Subadar. 2 Jemadars 6 Havildars. 6 Naigaes. A European officer was to be detailed by the com- mandant of artillery for the immediate charge of each company of Golandauze. The following order regarding the uniform of the Horse Artillery and Golandauze was issued on the 8th May :— '* The clothing of Horse Artillexy is to be blue, with scarlet 1 Drummer. 1 Filer. 2 Bhesties. 80 Privates. 1 — i HI8T0BT OF TBI MADRAS ABMT. 155 collar and cuffs ; trimmings yellow, and of the fi^on of cloth- OHAP. XYIl. ing of cavalry regiments. ""^ ^ The clothing of GK>landaaze is to be of the colours and Gdlandaiuse. fashicm of dothing of artillery." The undermentioned alteration in the desigpiation of the Squadron of Horse Artillery took place in January 1806 : — leiy, 18O6L 0.0. by (he Oaomander-in-Ohief^ 6ih January 1806. '* The Horse Artillery, which was established by General Orders of 4th April 1805, shall be denominated ' The Squa- dron of Horse Artillery,' and shall be mustered, paid, and returned as such from the 1st January 1806. '* The European non-commissioned, rank and file, shall be denominated * The First Half Squadron.' " The Native commissioned, non-commissioned, rank and file shall be denominated ' The Second Half Squadron.' '*To the first half squadron shall be posted the Oaptain- FoBting of Lieutenant, the second Lieutenant^ the fburth Lieutenant, the ^™^'"* sixth Lieutenant, and the Assistant Surgeon ; and to the second half squadron the senior Lieutenant, and the third and fifth lieutenants." 156 SISTOBT OF THV MADRAS AfiXT. chap. xvii. European Ikfantbt, 1803-1806. On the 15th May 1804^ a despatch from the Ooart of Directors regarding the off-reckoning fands, and other matters, and from which the following are extracts^ was published to the army. Gompvtaeioii ''Para, 21. By the regalations established by Marquis ?' ^^yl^^"^' Oomwallis in 1788, for the annual computation of the off. reckonings, those of the European artillery, and infantry are calculated upon the actual strength ; but in regard to the native corps, ihe established strength is taken, whether the same be complete or not ; hence if these corps be deficient, the company are charged with off-reckonings for a greater number than are clothed, and the clothing being issued to the effectives only, the fund for distribution is thus increased." • • • • Computation ** Para. 23. * * As the mode of calculating the off- ?' ^'^^^^' reckonings above noticed appears exceptionable, we direct Uiat in future the stoppages from the men actually clothed be considered as the fund applicable to distribution, and that the off-reckonings shall be calculated upon the effective strength only of all the corps. • • • • «uleBfortlie " Para. 84. In fact we are convinced that the interests diatnbuticm ^^ ^y^^ Lieutenant-Colonels are amply provided for in the tOf the xoncui. * .r » ,. . •■■ j. prospects held out to them by the arrangement for distnout- ing the off-reckonings, which, after mature deliberation, we Slave resolved on, and which is aa follows : — '* 1. That ihe off-reckonings at aU the Presidencies, from tthe regular corps of artillery, infantry, and cavalry, calculated as above directed, be drawn into a general fund. ^* 2. That a retired list of General Officers, or Colonels, be formed, who are to be struck off the strength of the Army, and considered altogether out of the service ; the number to HISTORY OF THS MADRAS ABUT. 157 be twenty-one, vis., nine from Bengal, eight from Madias, CHAP. ZVIL and four from Bombay. The senior offioers from all the oorps at each Prendenoy, aooording to the dates of their oommis- sionSy to form this list^ unless it should bethought proper by onr Governments to reserre any of this olass of officers for staff appointments. ^* 3. That each of the retired Generals or Colonels above mentioned, be allowed the sum of £548-15-0 per annum from the off-reckoning fund in addition to the full or half pay they may be entitled to aooording to the length of their actual service in India. *' 4. That the remainder of the off-reckoning fund be divided among the Colonels of the regiments of infantry, and cavalry, and of the battalions of artillery . ^ 5. That the offioers last mentioned be allowed to reside in Europe with their shares of off-reckonings and their pay ; subject always to the Court's orders for their return to their duty in India, and if they decline so to do, they are to relin- quish their share of off-reckonings, and retire from the service on their pay only. '* 6. That when an augmentation of the armies in India takes place, in increasing the General fiind, the shares to the Colonels above mentioned in the service are to be augmented accordingly ; on the other hand, if the armies be reduced so as to diminish the General fund, their shares are to be reduced in proportion, it being our intention that whatever surplus remains after providing for the retired list in the manner stated in the Srd article, it is to be divided amongst the Colonels who continue in the service. ^* 7. That if a reduction in the number of regiments takes place, the Colonels of the reduced regiments are not there- after to participate in the off-reckonings, until by vacancies occurring they are reinstated in the command of regiments. ** 8. That the General officers not on the staff, or kept in Unemployed India by the orders of our respective Governments to succeed ^j^^?^ to the staff (if such a measure should be thought necessary), be allowed only their pay and share of the off-reckonings, 158 mSTOBT or THB MADRAS ARHT. CHAP.ZYIL whether resident in India or in Europe; inoh offioem not """" being oompetent'by the existing reg^ations to do duty with their regiments. If, however, these officers shall be emplo jed on actual service, they are to be allowed the nsnal batta. ^35. We haTe also to inform yon, that after matore deli- beration, we haye resolyed that General officers on the staff shall continne to hold their staff appointments for four years only, at the end of which they are to be relieved by other officers, nnless oar Gkxvernments shonld re-appoint them to the staff at the expiration of fonr years, snbject, of ootirsei to our approbation. Cammandfl of Oeneral oflloers limited to fonr years. the new retired list. Certain " 37. But in forming this arrangement it has been impos« adn^tted^to" **^^® ^'^^ ^^ *^ Overlook the pretensions of those General officers, and Colonels who have already retired from the service on their pay only, under the idea that onr orders of Jnne 1798 were to be strictly adhered to. Some doubts may also be fiurly entertained whether these orders were strictly compatible with those of 1796, nnder the construction of which those officers came to Europe ; the alteration in the orders of 1798 by the present arrangement, which in a great degree reverts to that of 1796, gives the officers above- mentioned a jast and equitable claim to participation in the benefits derivable from the change of system, and we have therefore agreed to admit them on the retired list. Chief Engineen. FropoMd eetablithment of messes. " 45. The Chief Engineers are to be allowed to reside in Europe, and receive their pay, and the equivalent for off- reckonings, in the same manner as Colonels in command of regiments. '* The necessary orders for carrying these instructions into effect were issued to the Army on the same date. While the manner of the distribution of the off- reckoning funds was under consideration in England^ a claim was put forward on behalf of Lieutenant-Colonels HISTORY or THB HABEAS ARHT. 159 in command of battaUons, on the ground that they were OfiAP.XVlIr called upon to incnr extraordinary expenses in receiving """ and entertaining their officers. The Court of Directors, in disposing of this applica* tion, observed that the custom in question was not con-* sistent with the practice in His Majesty's or any other service, and that they saw no reason why commanding officers should not live at mess with their brother officers without affecting any expense inconsistent with the fair emoluments of their situation. They further remarked that although it might be difficult for individuals to break through an established practice, it was the duty of the Qovemment to discountenance habits of useless expense, incompatible with the well-regulated constitu- tion of any army, and to relieve, by the weight of their sanction and admonition, the feelings of officers, who might otherwise be reluctant to depart from what may have grown up into a general habit. In consequence of these observations the following order was issued by the Gbvemor in Council on the 16th May :— "The Governor in Council, fully impressed with the im» portant advantages to the pablio service, and general disci- pline oi the Army, which will result from the establishment of messes of officers in the several corps of the Army as proposed in the 32nd paragraph of the letter of the Honorable Court of Directors, desires that the Commander-in-Chief will adopt such measures as he may deem proper and necessary to obtain so desirable an object, to the extent which the nature of the service will admit, reporting his proceedings ' in this respect to the Bight Honorable the Governor in Council." ^ Messes were intcodnoed m June ISOfi. 160 HI8T0BT OF THI HADRAS ARMY. OHAP.XVII. On the 17th Jane the nndennentioned revised com- Complement plement of neoessaries was ordered to be adopted in the artillery and infantry. of neoes« •II III III III Shirts White-sleeved waiBttiOftta of Nankeen, with red and green wingfl to diatingnish the flank companies ••• ..i ... White pantaloons White linen false collars Cloth half-gaiters (blackened) P ttUTB •«• ••■ ••• tta Black leather stock Pipe-clay, whiting, black ball, grease and powder for the hair, and powder bag and pnff. 8 3 a 2 Shoes (pairs) Stock, clasp brass Hair leather Foraging cap ... Knapsack Cnmlj watch coat Clothes bmsh ... Shoe brashes Combs ••• 8 1.1 I ..I I ... 1 ... 1 ... 1 ... 1 ... 2 ... 2 In snch proportions as may be regolatedin thestandlngorders of corps by their Colonels. Company of the regiment of Wnrtem- berg. ICarriages, baptisms, and ftineralSi 1306. The company of the regiment of Wnrtemberg^ com- manded by Captain Q^npp, which had been admitted into the British Bervice in 1796^ having become ineffi- cient in consequence of the great redaction in the nnmber of men, it was ordered to be struck off the strength of ihe Indian Army from the Ist September 1804. The officers and men were allowed to retire on full pay, in consideration of the ''distinguished merit'' of the company, and such of the latter as were able and willing to serve, were admitted as privates into the East India Company's European infantry. On the 27th March 1805 an order was issued pre- scribing certain rules for the performance of marriages, baptisms, and funerals, and for the preparation of registers ; of which order the following is a precis : — (1) Registers of marriages, baptisms, and funerals to be kept by every Clergyman, Magistrate, or Military officer who may perform them. Copies of the entries to be forwarded to the Senior mm HtSTOBT 0? TtB MADRAS ASMT. 161 Chaplain at the Presidency on the day of the CHAP. XVII. performance of the ceremony. (2) In the absence of a Clergyman, marriages and baptisms were to be performed by the andermen- tioned functionaries in the following order^ viz. : Magistrate^ Collector, Commercial Resident. If . no Civil Servant should be available, then by the senior Military officer on the spot. (3) No officer or gentleman residing at an out-station to be married without a license from the Governor of Fort St. George, such license to be obtained by application through the Town Major. (4) Funeral ceremonies to be performed either by Civilians or Military officers according to cir- cumstances. The order contains forms of certificates to be used when the duty should npt be performed by a Clergyman. On the same date officers commanding regiments of Light infantry, whether European or Native, were directed to exercSe instruct their men in the duties of light troops as ^^^* recently introduced in Europe. The instruction so imparted was not to be limited to the light companies, but every company was to be taught to manoduvre in extended order. On the 21st February 1806 the establishment of Bivi* Diyisional sional staff was fixed at one Assistant Quartermaster- General, one Assistant Adjutant-General, and one Aide- de-Camp or one Brigade- Major according as the command of the division or district might be held by a Major- - General or by an officer of inferior rank. The Hydera- bad Subsidiary force was excluded from the operation of this order, and Staff officers of the grade of Deputy VOL. III. 21 162 HISTOBT OF THI MADRAS ARHT. CHAP. XVII. Adjatant-General and Deputy Quartermaster-General were continued therewith as before. Companies of inyalidB. Uniform. New general legnlationB. Cadet Company. HindoBtanee Instxaotor. Pensions for loss of limbs. During the month of March the existing companies of European invalids were reduced, and the following arrangement substituted. Two garrison companies, to be officered from the non*efFective establishment, each company to consist of 10 Serjeants, 10 Corporals, 10 Gunners^ 4 Drums and Fifes, and 100 Privates, were ordered to be formed from the invalids of artillery and infantry not holding situations on the staff. The 1st garrison company, under Lieutenant-Colonel Aiskill, was stationed at Vizagapatam, and the 2nd, under Major Jones, at Tanjore. The clothing was ordered to be blue, with scarlet facings. A new code of regulations for the several branches of the Army was published on the 11th March, and all previous regulations militating against the spirit of the new code were abrogated. On the 1st April the Cadet company was ordered to march from Tripassoor to Cuddalore, there to be stationed. On the 9th May Lieutenant Charles Stewart, 21st regiment N.I., was appointed to instruct the cadets in Hindostanee on a salary of 100 pagodas per mensem. The following order regarding pensions for wounds was pubUshed to the Army on the same date : — *^ His Lordship in Council has been pleased to resolve that every European, or Native soldier, who may have lost a limb in the service by wounds received in action, shall be pensioned on toM pay; the certificates with which such soldiers have been furnished will accordingly be exchanged for others entitling them to the payment of their augmented pensions." BISTORT OF tHB MADRAS ARMT. 163 The nnmber of Chaplains, which had been fixed at six CHAP. XYii. in 1796, was increased to nine daring May 1806, and the ijgtabiiah- foUowin^ distribution was ordered to be made, viz. :— J?^** °? At the Preaidenoy town ... 2 „ Hasalipatftm 1 „ Yelloie ... ... ... 1 Triohinopolj ... ... 1 >f At Sering^patam 1 In Malabar , 1 ,, Ganara ... ... ... 1 Provinoes ceded by Nizam ,., 1 The following table of Precedence, established by the Beiattre Court of Directors, was published on the 27th June : — Senior Merchants to rank with Lieatenant-Colonek. Junior do. do. Majom. Factors do. do. Captains. Writers do. do. Snbaltems. The undermentioned allowances to be drawn on account Allowance of any mess established in a regiment of European infantry, either in His Majesty^s or the Honorable Com- pany's service, were sanctioned on the 30th June, viz. :— When marching or in the field ... 48 Star Pagodas, per mensem. In garrison or cantonment ... 21 do. do. 164 HI8T0ST or THB MADIUS ARVT. CHAP. XVII. Adjutants, 1804. Madras Fenoibles. Officers of FeDoibles^ Pensions to the heirs of men killed inaction* Native Infantry, 1803-6. On the 17tli February 1804 an order was published to the effect that no officer should be recommended for the adjutancy of a native regiment unless he understood Hindostanee sufficiently well to be able to explain his orders to the men in that language. On the 10th April the following order was issued, directing the formation of a regiment for the service of the Presidency town during the war : — •* F&rt St George, 10}* 23rd regi- ment (46th and4eth M.N.I.). Officering of the extra battalions. Their •tations. Onides, 1805. The extra battalions broken up. The Ist battalion 22nd regiment was formed of the 3rd extra^ and was stationed at Vellore. The 2nd bat- talion was formed of the 6th extra, and was stationed at Trichinopoly. The Ist battalion 23rd regiment was formed of the 5th extra, and was stationed in Fort St. George. The 2nd battalion was composed of the 7th extra^ and was stationed at Sonkemacoil. The full complement of native commissioned and non- commissioned officers and naigues was furnished to the new extra battalions from the senior nineteen regiments, the men of each grade receiving a step in rank on their transfer. A large proportion of this promotion was g^ven to the regiments recently employed in the fields as a reward for their services. The Ist extra battalion was stationed at Seringapa- tam, the 2nd at Bangalore^ the 3rd at Cuddapah^ the 4th at Erode, the 5th at Tanjore^ and the 6th at Sanker» nacoil. On the 7th June 1805 the establishment of the Corps of guides was fixed at 3 head guides^ 14 second guides, and 36 privates. The six extra battalions above mentioned were reduced on the 30th June, and the native commissioned and non-commissioned officers, drummers, and rank and file, were distributed amongst the regular regiments, large drafts being sent to those corps which had suffered most during the war. For example, the Ist battalion 8th received 465 rank and file, and the Ist of the 3rd, the 2nd of the I2th, and the 2nd of the 18th upwards of 360 men each. On the 14th November 1805 the following order, which was destined to achieve an anenviable notoriety, was published to the Army :— - ' ■- -"1 .-*t tISTOBT OP T^l MADRAS ARMY. 167 '' Head-Quarters, OhouUry Plain, lUh November 1805. CHAP-ZVII. '^ Lieatenant-Qeneral Sir J. F. Gradock has established a New tnrband for the native commissioned officers, non-commis* turbands. sioned officers, and rank and file, of regiments of native infantry, of companies of golandaoze, and of gun lascars attached to battalions of artillery belonging to the Army on the establishment of Fort St. George. " The tnrband so established shall be considered to be the uniform of the above-mentioned corps, and shall be worn as snch to the exdnsion of every other that may heretofore have been anfchorised. '* Sealed patterns of the tnrband will be furnished to corps, and the Commander-in-Chief forbids any deviation whatever from those patterns as established for Grenadiers, Light infantry, and battalion companies, either in their fashion or trimmings, or in their dimensions or weight." The stoppages formerly made from the pay of the sepoys Native for the purpose of supplying them with medical aid and iSoS*"' country medicines were discontinued on the Ist January 1806j and the native dressers were ordered to be received on the strength of the corps to which they bad been attached^ and to be regularly paid by Government at the rate of ten pagodas each per mensem. One dresser was allowed to each regiment of native cavalry, and two to each battalion of native infantry. On the 27th February orders were issued for the Corps of formation of a corps of dooly bearers, to be employed bearers, in the carriage of doolies ^ for the conveyance of the sick and wounded^ or as cauvedy coolies. The bearers were formed into companies, each com- Establish- pany consisting of one head maistry^ three second maistries, and ninety men. ^ A light kind of palankin, the sides being of canvas instead of wood. Ganyedies are baskets, or boxes, carried on the shoulder by means of a bamboo, to each end of which a rope netting is fixed fov the reception of the basket, or box, as the case may be. 168 RI8T0BT OF THI MADRAS ABUT. CHAP. XVII. P»y. PrivilegeB. OommandAnt. Fullbatta granted to the pioneers. AUowanoe for meesee. The pay was fixed at four pagodas per mensem for the head maistries, three pagodas for the second maistries, and one pagoda thirty-four fanams for the men^ besides batta at the rate of one f anam a day when marching, or in the field on service. The men were to be enlisted in the same manner as sepoys, and entitled to the same privileges as regarded prize-money^ family certificates, and pensions. A European ofiicer was appointed to command the corps. On the 11th March the following order was issued regarding the allowance of batta to the corps of pioneers : — *' The Bight Honorable the Gbvemor in Council is pleased to direct that the corps of native pioneers attached to the Army under this Presidency, in consequence of the laborious duties which this corps is frequently called upon to execute, shall at all times be considered entitled, the European officers to the difierenoe between their half and full batta, the non- commissioned European officers to their net dry batta according to the regulations, and the Native commissioned, non-commissioned, and privates to the full batta of their ranks respectively." On the 30th June an allowance of thirty-five pagodas per mensem when marching or in the fields and of eighteen pagodas per mensem when in garrison or canton- ment, was granted to each battalion of native infantry in which an Officers' mess was maintained. BISTORT OF THE HYDRAS ARMT. 169 CHAPTER XVIIL MUTINY AT VBLLOBB, 1806. On the 14tli November 1805, an order was issued by CHAPTEE the Commander-in-Chief to the e£fect that a new pattern XVIU. of turband had been determined upon for the native Alterations infantry and artillery. 'ITie introdaction of stocks, leather isos. ' cockades, and plumes, was directed about the same time. The new turband was ordered on the ground that Reasons for .i . i_ J • . , 3 ^ alterinir the those m wear were heavy and inconvenient, and also turbanda. because there was a want of uniformity in that article of dress as worn in different regiments. This last objection was not well founded, inasmuch as a pattern turband had been sanctioned by Qovemment in March 1797, after the Military Board had " given it every consideration which a subject of that delicate and important nature required ;^* consequently, any want of uniformity, which might have existed, ought to have been rectified by inspecting officers. Early in 1806 Major Pierce, Deputy Adjutant-General, New prepared a volume of regulations for the army, which i^oel*^^'*'' contained standing orders for the guidance of native infantry. These regulations were approved of by the Commander-in-Chief, and submitted by him for the sanction of Government, but without calling attention to those paragraphs which prescribed alterations in dress, and cognate matters. The 10th paragraph of the 11th section of these regulations ran as follows : — " It is ordered by the Regulation that a native soldier Casta marks shall not mark his face to denote his caste, or wear earrings ^^^ earrings, when dressed in his uniform ; and it is farther directed that at all parades, and upon all daties, every soldier of the battalion VOL. III. 22 170 HI8T0BT OF THE MADBAS ABMT. CHAPTEB XVIII. Pattern turbands iBSued. Befnsed hj the 2nd of the4tii. Action of the Com mander- in-Chief. First order for the trial of the men. shall be clean shaved on the chin. It is directed also that uniformity shall, as far as it is practicable, be preserred in regard to the quantity and shape of the hair on the upper lip." During the months of April, May, and June 1806 pattern turbands were sent to each regiment, and com- manding officers were directed to cause new turbands to be made up in conformity therewith, and to be issued to the men. The 2nd battalion 4th regiment,^ then at Vollore, was the first to show dissatisfaction. The men declared that the new turbands bore an offensive resemblance to the hat, or cap, worn by the East Indian drummers, and that they were objectionable with reference to caste, for which reasons they positively refused to wear them. Colonel Fanoourt, commanding at Yellore, reported the matter, and the Commander-in-Chief, acting on the advice of his Staff, who informed him that there was no real objection to the turband, directed that the ring- leaders in the 4th should be confined and sent to Madras for trial. Lieutenant-Colonel Darley, commanding the battalion, remonstrated, and prevailed upon Colonel Fan- court to postpone the execution of the order, pending a reference to head-quarters, but this reference had no effect. The correspondence is given below, having been afterwards quoted by the Governor, Lord William Ben- tinck, as having committed him to a certain line of action, which he might not otherwise have pursued. " To Colonel Fancourt, Commanding Yellore. " Sir, — I have received your letter by express of yesterday's date, and I have submitted it to the Commander-in-Chief. ^ The old 16th battalion, now the 15th regiment N.I. This regiment was distingnifibed in Goote's oampoigne, and haa always borne a high character in th^ army np to the present time. HISTORY or THE M ABB AS ABMT. 171 " While the Commander-in-Chief regrets the cause which CHAPTER requires such measures, he feels it to be his duty to check, ' bj the most decided resolution, the symptoms of insubordi- nation which you have reported in the 2nd battalion 4th regiment of native infontry. ** His Excellency has therefore ordered to Vellore a detach- ment of H.M.'s 19th dragoons, who will receive and escort to the Presidency for trial, before a (General Court-martial now sitting, the 19 men confined by Lieutenant-Colonel Darley, against whom he will prefer charges, and prepare to support the same by the requisite evidence. " You will also direct the non-commissioned officers of the grenadier company (the two, who did not object in the first instance to deliver their turbands, excepted) to be reduced to the ranks ; the Commander- in*Chief deeming a man who hesi- tates a moment to obey an order unfit to bear the character of a non-commissioned officer. " You will further, through Lieutenant-Colonel Darley, direct the native commissioned officers of the 2nd battalion 4th regiment l^J.tmfnedicUely to make tip, and wear the turband of the prescribed pattern. '* THsohediencey or hesitation^ on their part will he instantly followed by their dis^nission from the service in pubUc orders on your report. Lieutenant-Colonel Kennedy has orders, should you require it, to march the 19th dragoons to Vellore to assist in enforcing obedience. *' It is the intention of the Commander-in-Chief imme- diately to relieve the 2nd battalion 4th regiment, but though he thinks proper to remove them from Vellore, he will not admit hesitation even in their obedience to the orders he has given. " (Signed) P. A. AGNEW, '* Fort Saint Obobge, Adjutant-Oeneral cfthe Army," «• 7th May 1806. " 9 P.M." 172 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. CHAPTER XVIII. Second orders " To tbe Officer commanding Vellore. " Sir, — Your letter of the 7th instant by express, covering one from Lieutenant -Colonel Darley, and stating jour intention to suspend the execution of expected orders, has been received and submitted to the Commander-in-Chief. ** His Excellency sees no cause to relax from the orders ho has already given, which you will accordingly enforce. The places of the non-commissioned officers whose reduction has been ordered will be supplied from other corps, as the Com- mander-in-Chief deems the 2nd battalion of the 4>th regiment of N.I. to be at present unworthy to participate in any promotion. From this prohibition, however, he excepts the non-commissioned of the grenadiers who did not refuse to obey orders. They, if naigues, are to be promoted in the place of the havildars reduced. ^ The 2nd battalion of the 28rd regiment N.T. has been directed from Wallajahbad to relieve the 2nd battalion of the 4th in Vellore. " (Signed) P. A. AGNEW, "Fort Saint Gboroe, Adjutant-Oeneral of the Army J* " Sth May 1806/' Besnlt of the trialB« In conformity with these orders^ 21 privates of the 4th^ viz.^ 10 Mahomedans and 11 Hindoos, were tried at Fort St. George for contempt of authority and disobedience of orders, in having refused to wear the new turband. Two, viz., one Mussulman and one Hindoo, were sentenced to receive 900 lashes each, and to be discharged from the service as " turbulent and unworthy subjects." The remaining 19 men were sentenced to receive 500 lashes each, but they were pardoned '' in consequence of their full acknowledgment of error, deep contrition, and solemn promises of future good conduct." The charges, sentences, and orders of the Commander-in-Chief thereon, HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. 173 which last were dated on the 29th Jane, were pablished CHAPTER XVIIT to the army on the 2nd July. _^' The Commander-in-Chief had gone on a toar of inspec- Colonel tion about the middle of May, and while at Nundidroog warning, in the end of June he received a letter from Lieutenant- Colonel James Brunton, an able and experienced officer^ then holding the appointment of Military Auditor Qeneral. In this letter the Colonel stated that the introduction of the new turband had occasioned great discontent through- out the army^ and he earnestly recommended that the order should be cancelled. On the 29th June the Commander-in-Chief sent Colonel The T» t 1 r^ "I • -L i» Commander- Brunton's letter to Grovemment, together with one from in-Chief himself, in which he mentioned that the new turband had ^""^^ent. been introduced by the advice^ and under the superin- tendence, of Colonel Agnew and Major Pierce ; that a change having appeared necessary, he had thought that " 80 simple a matter '' could not be confided to better hands or to officers of greater local experience ; but that he had at last corns to the conclusion that the objections to the turband were almost universal, and that it was commonly believed that the next attempt would be to force the sepoys to become Christians, He added that were the question connected with British troops he would not feel any embarrassment, but, being one of caste, he was desirous to have the advice of his coadjutors in the Government. The decision of Government was communicated in a Decision letter dated 4th July, from which the f oUowinfir is an Sf '**® extract: — *' If there had been reason to suppose that the late change of dress was liable to the objection of militating against the religious principles of the inhabitants of this country, we should have had no hesitation in immediately recommend] 174 HISlOJtT OF THB MADRAS AfiMT. CHAPTBB XVIII. Proposed Older. Postponed ftt the instance of the Commander- in-Chief. Reasons of the GK>Tem- mesfc for not cancelling the order. to your Ezoellencj the relinquishment of the intention to establish the proposed change, bnt as it appears from the evidence taken in the late enquiry ^ at Yellore, that no objec- tion of this nature exists, we certainly deem it advisable, that the alternative of yielding to the " clamor*' arising from an unfounded prejudice should, if possible, be avoided.'* Notwithstanding the opinion thus expressed, G-overn- ment sent to the Commander-in-Chief, by the same opportunity, the draft of a General Order intended to be published with the object of reassuring the sepoys, but the publication was postponed at the instance of His Excellency, who advised that course because he believed that the disinclination to wear the turband was becom- ing more feeble, and he therefore thought it judicious to allow the n:iatter to drop. After the mutiny, when the reference from Nundi- droog became the subject of discussion. Lord William Bentinck gave the following reasons for not having inter- fered in a decided manner. He remarked, in the first place, that the alteration in the turband had been ordered without any communication with Government, and that when the 2nd of the 4th refused to wear it, the order instantly issued by the Commander-in-Chief, in which he declared his resolution to put down all such manifesta- tions in the most vigorous manner^ was of such a charac- ter that Government, on becoming acquainted therewith, were of opinion that it would be impossible to recede ^ Oonrt of enqniry at Yellore, held 14th May, composed of Lieutenant- Colonel MoKerras 2nd' battalion 23rd, Lieutenant-Colonel Forbes Ist battalion Ist, and Lieutenant-Colonel Marriott Ist battalion 5th, in oharge of the Mysore Princes at Yellore. The proceedings are not forthcoming, but it appears from a minute of the Commander-in-Chief that although no objection to the new turband was elicited from any of the native witnesses, yet the officers composing the Court expressed a preference for the old turband. HISTOBT OF THX MADRAS AEMT. 175 without committing the discipline of the army. He went GHAFTES on to say that Oovemment^ at the time the reference was _ ' made, were not in possession of positive information of the existence of general dissatisfaction^ without which knowledge there would have been no sufficient reason for cancelling the order. So far as Oolonel Brunton's warning was concerned. His Lordship remarked that the health of that officer had long been so bad, that his nerves were gone, and that he suffered from great despondency. The severe measures pursued in the case of the 2nd Seditious battalion 4th regiment appear to have rendered the 2*?^OTe. opposition to the new turband more determined than ever. Frequent secret meetings were held in the lines of the native battalions at Vellore, at which the men bound themselves to resist all innovations, and finally formed the plan for the attack and destruction of the European officers and men. These meetings were attended by the majority of the native officers, and by several of the retainers of the sons of Tippoo then confined in the fort. On the night of the 17th June, the intentions of the MuBtapha mutineers were divulged to Lieutenant-Colonel Forbes tiS^ptotH^nd of the 1st, by Mustapha Beg, a private of the battalion. i«oonfined. The Colonel, instead of making cautious inquiries, sent for his native officers, who, on being questioned, affirmed their innocence of any evil intention, professed their readiness to wear the turband, and persuaded Colonel Forbes to place the sepoy in confinement as being insane. It also appears that a European woman named Burke Mrs. Bnrke would have given information, had she not been prevented, f^^ giving " The deponent > farther states that she went to Colonel information. Fanoourt to state what she had heard, as well as to apply for her husband's prize-money, but on his asking her if she was ' Eyidenoe before the Conunission at Vellore after the mutiny. 176 HISTORY OF THB MADRAS ARMT. CHAPTEB XVIII. Oarrison of Vellore. GnardB on the 9th Jaly. A This was said to haye been handed out of the palace by Mois-ool- deen, the third sou of Tippoo. It was an old flag —green stripee on a red field, with a sun in the centre, and was supposed to hare been bought at one of the sales of the Seringapatam booty, a considerable time before the mutiny. ' These men were thanked in Greneral Orders for their gallantry, and received a donation of 50 and 20 pagodas respectively. 3 The flagstaff on the centre bastion of the soathern face was within easy range of the pettah or native town. aiSTORt OF TB£ MADRAS AfillT. 183 fitrODGT party at the cavalier and bastion on the south-east CHAPTEB face for its defence. Soon after our return a party of cavalry * was descried to approach towards the fort." LieuteDant-Golonel Marriott^ the officer in charge of Statement the Mysore Princes^ who lived in the fort with Captain Marriott. * Marriott^ Assistant Paymaster of Stipends^ was awoke by the firing, and immediately i^terwards the naigue of his guard, who belonged to the Ist battalion, came upstairs and reported that the disturbance was caused by the men of the 28rd battalion, who were firing in every direction. The Colonel went down to his guard, where he found Lieutenant and Adjutant Coombs ^ of the 23rd, who was very unpopular with his men, and had escaped from his quarters, where he had been fired at. Colonel Marriott desired him to go into the house, and he had just done so, when a number of the 23rd came up and ordered the guard to join them as it was a '' general business '* ; but they did not attempt to molest the Colonel, who returned into his house, where he found Lieutenant Gunning of the 69th, who had come there after an ineffectual attempt to reach the barracks. About daylight the house was surrounded by sepoys, who took possession of the lower rooms, and fired a volley upstairs, by which Captain Marriott, the Assistant Paymaster, was wounded, after which thBy went and set fire to Lieutenant Coomb^s house. About 7 o,'cIock the sepoys fired another volley, and then went upstairs, calling for the Adjutant of the 23rd. Colonel Marriott and his friends retreated from room to room, and then going down the back steps, they returned into the lower part of the house, fortunately unobserved. > Brigadier Coombs was shot at Palavaram in October 18S3 by a bayildar of the Bifle company of the 6th regiment, who had intended, as was generally believed, to kill the Major of his corps. He had no grievance against Colonel Coombs. 184 HISTORY Of TBI MADBAB ABVT. GHAPTEB XVIIL Stftfcement of Captain Marretty l«t regiment. Lieatenant Bwii^aad Colonel Forbes retire to tlie hill fort. The sepoya went away shortly afterwards, and were beard to call out ** Come out, Nawab^ come oat, Nawab^ there is no fear/' This was supposed to be addressed to Futteh Hyder, the eldest of the four Mysore Princes^ who lived in the palace close to Colonel Marriott's quarters. About 8 o'clock the Colonel heard that the Europeans were coming out of the barracks, but he did not venture to leave his house until about 10| a.m., when the gate was blown open^ and the troops entered the fort. Lance-naigue Mahomed Yacoob of the 1st, who was on the in-lying picket, went to the house of Captain Marrett of the same battalion about 3 a.k., and warned him not to go near the barracks as the men of the 28rd were firing upon them. Captain Marrett immediately went to the Amboor gate, where he found a guard of his own regiment under arms. The' naigue of this guard, Syed Ahmed, also advised him not to approach the barracks, upon which he returned to his quarters, where he was joined by Lieutenant Bissett of the 69th. Presently they resolved to go to the main guard, and on the way they passed another guard posted on the Nawab's bastion near the north-west angle of the palace. Vencatram, the naigue in command of this guard, told Captain Marrett not to venture near the parade, upon which the two officers returned to the other side of the palace by the magazine, and succeeded in gaining a house behind the main guard. After waiting there a short time they got over the wall into the main guard, which had been deserted, and they concealed themselves there until the arrival of the cavalry. Lieutenant Ewing of the Ist having become separated from the other officers after leaving the house of Surgeon Jones, assembled several European stragglers, and HISTORY OF THB MADRAS ARMT. 185 making^ his way oat of the fort^ he joined Colonel Forbes. CHAPT8B These two officers, accompanied by a number of unarmed * men belonging to the Ist battalion^ then took possession of the principal hill fort^ where they remained until after the dispersion of the mutineers* Major GoateSj on hearing the beginning of the firing. Major Goatos endeayoured, together with some officers of the 23rd, to 3^^.*^ enter the fort, but being unable to effect this, he sent off an officer to Arcot with a letter for Colonel Gillespie, who commanded the cavalry cantonment at that place, distant about 16 miles from Vellore. The letter having reached the Colonel about 6 o'clock Ajf., he set out imme- diately, taking with him a squadron of the 19th dragoons under Captain Toung, supported by a strong troop of the 7th cavalry under Lieutenant Woodhouse, leaving orders for Colonel Kennedy to follow with the rest of the cavalry, with the exception of a detachment left to protect the cantonment and to keep up the communication. When Colonel Gillespie arrived he found the draw- Colonel ._ _ mil':! GKllespie bridge down, and the two outer gates open. The third arrives, gate was Opened from the inside by some of the 69th, who were let down from the rampart by their comrades. This progress was made without loss owing to the position occupied by the 69th, but when the detachment came in front of the fourth, or inner gate, the approach thereto was found to be so completely commanded by the fire of the mutineers, that Colonel Gillespie thought it prudent to await the arrival of the guns. In the meantime, in order to encourage the brave men above the gateway, who, being without ammunition, had to trust to their bayonets alone. Colonel Gillespie got himself drawn up by 1 Lieutenant Swing's deposition has not been found. It is presumed he must hare left the fort by the sally-port or " Amboor " gate on the sonthern face, which was held by a naigne's guard of his own regiment. VOL. III. 24 186 HISTOUT OP THB HADRAS ABVT. CHAPTEB XYIII. Beeapt ire of the f jrt. a rope^ and iiqmediately began to employ the men in tam- ing the guns towards the interior of the place, and while thus engaged the rest of the cavalry came ap from Arcot. It was then about 10 o'clock. The gate was blown open at the first discharge from the galloper guns of the 19th under the direction of Lieutenant Blakiston of the Engineers, and the troops entered the place headed by a squadron of the dragoons under Captain Skelton, hand- somely supported by the native cavalry. Colonel Gillespie, descending from the rampart, joined in the attack, and in about a quarter of an hour the fort was again in our possession. About 350 ^ sepoys were killed, the rest escaped by the sally-port on the southern face, but a number were taken in different parts of the country within the next few days. Caenaltiee in The loss of the troops ir< om Arcot was next to nothintr. tlie cavalrj. viz., one * European troop er killed and three wounded. ' Bztract from a minate hj the Gommander-iii*( C/hief entered in the ConsnltatioiiB of Qovemment, 16th September 1806. let bait, let regt 2nd batt. 28rd regt. N.O. K.C. R. A F. N.O. N.C> A* o F. At Chaiidragheny and Chittoor exempt from l^ilt ... ... ... 8 401 • • • . 1 . At VeUore, innooent ... 2 1 2 7 At Yellorei prisoners for mutiny 5 162 9 223 At Yellore, not confined but considered as im- plicated 6 340 9 176 Missing since 10th July, of whom many were killed, and many taken prisoners in different districts Total ... 21 240 2 22 639 1,184 1,045 ^ The retnm of oasnalties in the native cavalry had not been for- lushed when Colonel Gillespie sent in his first report, and it has not been found. HI8T0ET OF THE MADRAS ABMY. 187 a result which may be attributed to the crallantry of the CHAPTER . . XVIII 69th^ for had the mutineers raised the drawbridge and * closed the two outer gates^ the fort could not have been recaptured by a coup de main. Five Serjeants^ 4 corporals, 1 drummer, and 90 privates CMnalties in of the 69th were killed during the outbreak, and 15 ««*">■<>»• privates subsequently died of their wounds. The num- ber of wounded, exclusive of these, amounted to 76. The undermentioned officers were killed, viz., Colonel Fanoourt, H.M.'s 34th regiment, commanding the garri- son, Lieutenant-Colonel McKerras, Captain Willison and Lieutenants Winchip and Jolly of the 23rd, Captain Miller, Lieutenants O'Reilly, Smart, and Tichboume of the Ist, and Lieutenants Eley and Popham of the 69th, Mr. Mann Deputy Commissary of Stores, Mr. Gill Con- ductor of Ordnance, and Mr. Smith the Military Pay- master. Major Armstrong of the 16th N.I., who happened to be passing the fort in his palankin, was first wounded by a Hindoo sepoy of the 1st, and then killed by a Maho- medan follower of one of the Mysore Princes. Captains Barrow tind Maclachlan and Lieutenant Mitchell of the 69th were severely wounded, also Lieute- nant Cutcliflfe of the 1st. Captain Marriott Assistant Paymaster of Stipends, was wounded slightly. The officers and men engaged in the suppression of Rewards to the mutiny were thanked for their services. Serjeant and° ^ Brady of the 69th was recommended for a commission, but he was afterwards permitted, at his own request, to exchange it for an appointment as Conductor of Ordnance as being better suited to his circumstances. The detachment of native cavalry consisted of 107 of the 7th under Captain Doveton, and of details from the other seven regiments^ amounting to 305 men of all ranks men. 188 HISTORY OF THE MADEAS ARKT. OHAPTEB XVIII. PaniBbment of the ring. leaders. under Captain Mason of the 5th regiment. These men were rewarded by an addition to their ordinary pay on the following scale, viz. : — R8. Snbadar ... ... ... ... 21 Jemadar ... ... ... ... •••14 Ebiyildar... ... ... ... .•• 7 Naigne and Private 3| This allowance was continued to the recipients on their being pensioned or discharged. It was resolved at the same time that medals, with a suitable inscription, should be presented to the detach- ment, to be of gold for the native officers, and of silver for the other ranks, but this resolution was never carried into effect. Private Mustapha Beg of the 1st regiment was pre- sented with a donation of 2,000 pagodas, and pensioned for life on the pay of a subadar of infantry. The principal leaders of the mutiny were tried at Yellore, and disposed of in the manner reported in the following letter from Colonel Harcourt to the Adjutant- General : — '' VeUore, 2Srd September 1806. " Sir, '*! request you will be pleased to communicate to His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, that I have this mom« ing carried into execution the approved sentences ^ of the lai hattalion \9t r»giment. Blown from a gun 1 hayildar, 1 naigae. Shot ... .*• ... ... 1 naigne, 4 sepojs. Hnng ... 1 jemadar, 4 sepoys. Transported 3 barildars, 2 naigaes, 1 sepoy. 2nd battalion 23rd regimenL Blown £rom a gnn „\ ... 2 subadars. Hang 2 havildars, 1 naigne. Blown from a gnn ... ... 2 lasoars. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. 189 Natiye Qeneral Conrt Martial ; six of ihe oonyicted mntineeis CHAPTBB were blown away from, guns, five were shot with musketry ' (by a detachment of the Ist of the Ist^ and 2nd 23rd) and eight were hung. The two men that were acquitted are released, and those sentenced to be discharged the service^ and to be transported, remain in confinement, awaiting His Excellency's farther orders. *^ 2. The execution took place on the western glacis of the fort, and the painful duty was performed without a single f aOure or accident. « (Signed) GEO. HAROOURT, Colonel." Eight of the retainers of the Mysore Princes were Trial of the tried before a Special Commission at Chittoor in April of the 1807, and the proceedings were confirmed by Gtovern- ^^^^^^^ ment in May. One was sentenced to deaths two to transportation for Ufe, one to imprisonment for Uf e, one to imprisonment for ten years, and three were acquitted. The princes themselves were sent to Calcutta, their Deportation complicity not having been established to such a degree pnnoes. as to warrant more extreme measures. The obnoxious orders remrdini? dress were cancelled ^ ^® . ^ ° obnozioiis on the 17th July, and on the 24th September a General orders Order was published, by which all unauthorised alterations ^^^^^ in dress, or interference with the native soldiery in regard to their national observances, was strictly prohibited. It was further directed that the turband sanctioned by Government on the 15th March 1797 should continue to be the pattern for the army. Immediately after the suppression of the mutiny steps Gonrte of were taken to ascertain the causes which had led to it. ^^^^' A Court of enquiry, of which Lieutenant-Colonel Kennedy of H.M.'s 19th dragoons was President, was ^ These orders will be found in 'the accoont of the Natiye Infantry, 1806-9, at the end of Chapter XIX. 190 HISTORY or TSB MADRAS ARMY. CHAPTBB assembled by Colonel Gillespie at Vellore, but the mem- XYlIIa ' bers had not proceeded &r with their investigation when they were relieyed by a Special Commission appointed by Government on the 12th July^ and composed as follows, viz. : — PresideiiL — ^Major- General Pater. Members. — Lieatenant- Colonel Dodsworth H.M.'s 34th regiment, Messrs. Webb and Ogilvie of the Civil Service^ and Major Dowse of the 8th regi- ment N.I.^ with Major Leith, Jadge Advocate- General^ in attendance. Report of the The following extracts are taken from the report of ommusion. ^j^^ Commission, which was submitted to Government on the 9th August, together with the depositions taken during the enquiry :— " There are two principal causes which appear to us to have led to the mutiny. The late innovations in the dress and appearance of the sepoys, and the residence of the fkmily of the late Tippoo Sultan at Vellore. We shall beg leave to submit our reasons on each of these heads, and first in regard to the dress. Changes in '' The article of dress is, both with the Hindoos and Maho- '^^' medans, an indication of their caste, and a badge of their respective distinctions and place in society ; and when it is recollected how obstinately the Indians of all descriptions adhere to their customs, and with what difficulty the natives were brought to adopt many parts of their present military dress, it will not appear surprising that some of the late innovations in that respect were offensive to their feelings. " The sepoys appear to have felt that the wearing of the new turband would make them come to be considered as Europeans, and would have removed them from the society and intercourse of their own castes. '* We did not think it material to ascertain how far every article of dress, which they have complained of, was repng- HISTOBT or THl MADRAS ABMT. 191 nant to their tenets, or unreasonable in itself. Prejudices CRkFTlSSL would cease to be so could they be regulated hj reason. _! ** We shall not dwell particularly upon that, part of the order which respected effacing from the forehead the marks of castes, as it has not been specified to us as a cause of grievance, though one of the battalions appears to have previously carried it into execution. We may be allowed to * suppose, however, that it was not without its effect upon the minds of individuals. In the same corps the tnrband was not complained of, yet we know that it led to the mutiny. ** These distinctions of castes add to the personal importance of the individual with society, and create a sense of honor, which operates more strongly than the fear of punishment in the prevention of crimes. "In this country the prejudices of the conquered have always triumphed over the arms of the conqueror, and have subsisted amidst all the revolutions and shocks to which the empire has been subjected. Any innovation, therefore, in that respect must be calculated to call forth their feelings, and the more trivial the object required to be sacrificed, the stronger, in our opinion, would the reluctance be to make it. Nothing would appear to be more trivial to the public interests than the length of the hair on the upper lip of a sepoy, yet to the individual himself, the shape and fashion of the whisker is a badge of his caste, and an article of his religion. '* We shall now remark on the second cause, viz., the Intrignea of residence of the families of the late Tippoo Sultan at Vel- ^^^S^ lore. ^Accommodations were here provided for them nearly resembling a palace in magnificence, and an establishment allowed them on a very extensive scale of liberality. Their followers had emigrated in great numbers to Yellore, and husbands for the Princesses were allowed to come from differ* ent parts of the country. These persons naturally brought along with them their former attachments and prejudices, and the interests of Seringapatam were transplanted with its inhabitants to the Camatic. Speaking the same language, 192 HISTORY OF THE XADBAS ABMY. CHAPTEfi XVIIL Opinion of the Committee. The Qoyem- ments oononr -with the Com- miseionera. The Gomman. der-in*Ohief diflsenteand jostifiee the new regulations. and following the aame religion, connections were easily formed, and amongst men who were not much occupied with engagements of trade or business, schemes of power and ambition would naturallj occur to those who had been bom to enjoy them. " Under other circumstances the tnrband, Ac., might have proved offensiye to the sepoys, but when we look back to some former insurrections amongst the troops, and remember (and it falls within the personal knowledge of some of us) the civility with which the men distinguished their officers, and the point of honor which they seemed to feel in doing so, we cannot but think that the outrages on the late occasion are of foreign growth and could only have been inspired by a barbarous enemy. " On the whole we draw from the evidence now before us the following circumstances : — '* That the late innovations as to the dress and appearance of the sepoys was the leading cause of the mutiny, and the other was the residence of the family of the late Tippoo Sultan at Yellore." The conclusion arrived at by the Oommissioners was concurred in by the Government of Madras^ and by the Supreme Gtovernment ; the only dissentient voice being that of Sir J. P. Cradock^ the Commander-in-Chief, who, in a report to the Conrt of Directors dated 21st Septem- ber 1806^ expressed the opinion that the alterations in dress had been nothing more than a pretext ;^ the real object having been the restoration of the Mahomedan power. He maintained that the new tarband was free from objection of any kind, as had been fully established by the depositions of several Mahomedans and Hindoos of the highest castes who were examined before the ^ He wonld seem to have forgotten his letter of the 29th Jmie, in which he infonned Government that the objections to the tnrband were almost oniyezsal. HTSTOBY Of THX MADRAS ARMY. 193 court of enquiry at Vellore in May. He was supported OHAPTEB in this view by the Adjutant-General^ and his Deputy^ who ' stated that tui*bands nearly resembling the new one in shape and material had long been worn by the 2nd batta- lion 13th ; that the men of the 2nd battalion 14th had shown a decided preference for the new turband ; and that no appearance of dissatisfaction had been manifested until it was unexpectedly shown by the 2nd battalion 4th regiment. It was further remarked that the old 12th battalion (12th M.N.I.) had, for many years^ worn a bonnet almost exactly similar to those of the Highland regiments, and had continued to do so until the introduc- tion of the turband of 1797 ; and that when the 36th battalion (26th M.N.I.) was first raised^ the men wore a bonnet of the same kiud as the 12th, with the addition of a tuft and leather cockade. The order regarding caste marks and earrings was justified on the ground that, although they had not previously been prohibited by any formal order, it had never been the custom in any well regulated corps for the men to appear with them on parade. Letters from General Dugald Campbell^ Lieutenant*Colonel Chalmers, and Major Bruce were quoted in support of this assertion. It must be remembered that the reputation of the Bepntation of Military Department was at stake, and the report of the Departing Commander-in-Chief seems to have been written with at ■take, the view of showing that the new regulations had not been the cause of the mutiny, or, if they had, then that the responsibility rested with his advisers, Colonel Agnew and Major Pierce, by whom he had been assured that the proposed changes were not open to any objection. As the defence of the new turband rested chiefly on yalneleis the evidence of the native officers and soldiers as given the eyidenoo before the court of enquiry, it may be well to consider J? *»▼<>' ©' what that evidence was worth. Bearing in mind the turband. VOL. III. 25 194 H18T0BT OF THB HADBA8 ABHT. CHAPTEB XVIII. Excitement atoatBtationB. Alarm at Hyderabad. exceedingly summaxyy arbitrary^ and severe manner in whicli the 2nd of the 4th had been dealt with only six days before the assembly of the oonrt^ it onght not to have been matter of surprise to any one at all conversant with the disposition of the native soldiery, that the coart should have failed to elicit any unfavorable opinion regarding the new turband. It was well known that the change had been recommended, either by the Adjutant- General or his Deputy, or both, officers, who,at that period^ and for many years afterwards, were supreme in respect to all matters connected with native troops. With this knowledge, and with the punishment of the 4th before their eyes, was it to be expected that the turband would be condemned by the native officers called upon for their opinions f The extraordinary thing is, that opinions obtained under such circumstances should have been gravely put forward as good evidence in fayor of the change. The significant hint of the field officers of whom the court was composed does not appear to have met with any attention. The excitement created by the proposed alterations in dress extended to the troops at Hyderabad, Bellary, Wallajahbad, Bangalore, Nundidroog, and Sunkerry- droog, but not to such a degree as to cause any anxiety except a.t Hyderabad ; the subsidiary force at which place was then commanded by Colonel T. O. Montresor, H.M.'s 22nd dragoons. The first intimation of alarm was conveyed to Colonel Montresor, on the evening of the 11th July, bj some officers of the 11th regiment M.N.I., who told him that the native troops suspected Government of an intention to make them relinquish all distinctions of caste, and to convert them to Christianity by degrees. The excite- ment was intensified by certain absurd rumours invented and circulated by ill-disposed persons. It was generally mSTOBt OF THB MADRAS ARMY. 195 reported and implicitly believed, both in the cantonment, CHAPTEB and in the city, that the existence of a considerable * treasure at the bottom of the well in the European barracks had been revealed by an oracle, which treasure, however, could not be discovered until a certain number of human heads had been offered to the tutelar deity of the well. The number of heads required was to be provided by the European troops, who were to be employed at night to waylay the natives ; and the discovery, about this time, of a headless corpse near the Residency, so completely confirmed the belief in the rumour, that few of the natives ventured out after dark. Other reports, of an equally monstrous character, obtained similar credence. On the night of the 12th a number of men assembled General in rear of the cantonment, and the pickets were ordered i,!^© te^ out for fear of a tumult, but their services were not required. During the next few days the general dissat* isfaction was manifested in several ways. The sepoys declared it to be impossible for them to comply with the orders regarding dress, and at the same time to adhere to the tenets of their religion. The men of the 2nd batta- lion 15th regiment publicly announced their intention to refuse to wear the turband, and the other battalions were believed to be of the same mind. lieutenant-Colonel * Doveton informed Colonel Montresor that the cavalry would not draw a sword to put down any riot that might be occasioned by an attempt to force the new turband on the infantry. Colonel Montresor, after mature deliberation, andhaving Colonel considered the small number * of European troops at re^okMrtho his disposal, determined, in communication with Captain orders * regaromg dreoB. > H.M.'8 8Srd regiment^ and a detachment of artillery. The natiye troope oonaiBted of two regimenta of cavalry, aiz hattaliona of natire infantry, and detachments of native artillery and pioneera. 196 HI8T0BT or THE VADBA8 ABMT. GHAPTSB XVIH. of the oAtiTe offlosn* ProoeedingB of Major Welsh and Lieatenani- Colonel Grant. Sydenham the Besiclent, to take the responsibility of reyoldng the offensive regnlations, and this was done by an order published to the force on the 23rd Jnly. Although immediate tranquillity followed this wise and timely concession, the importance of which can scarcely be over-estimated, the Colonel does not appear to have been rewarded except by the approval of the Supreme and Madras Qovemments, subsequently endorsed by that of the Court of Directors. Nothing of moment took place at the other stations specified above beyond the dismissal of a few men at Nundidroog, Bangalore, and Bellary, and the disarming of the 1st battalion 23rd regiment at Wallajahbad. The investigation which followed this last measure showed that the disaffection was limited to a few native officers, and men of indifferent character. The only other point worthy of remark is the circumstance that the native officers generally evinced extreme indifference in the discharge of their duty, and made no attempt to check inflamuLatory expressions made use of by some of the men, more particularly at Wallajahbad. Nothing criminal, however, was established against any native officer, except in the case of three subadars of the 15th regiment at Hyderabad, who were transported to Penang for life, and of a jemadar of the 1st battalion 22nd, who was sentenced to be shot, which sentence was afterwards commuted to transportation for life. The agitation caused by these events had begun to subside when it was revived by the precipitate action of Major Welsh conmianding the Ist battalion 3rd regi* ment at Palamcottah, and of Lieutenant-Colonel Grant commanding the subsidiary force in Travancore, who, about the middle of November, disarmed and confined a large proportion of the Mahomedan troops under their respective commands. HISTOBY or THE MADBAS AKMT. 197 These officers were tried by court-martial at Fort St. CHAPTER XYIII George in February 1807, for baying taken sacb extreme * steps without justifiable cause, adequate necessity^ or sufficient investigation; such conduct being calculated to produce disunion, and distrust. Both Colonel Grant, and Major Welsh were honorably Opinion of the acquitted, and the proceedings were approved and con- firmed ; nevertheless Government, while giving these officers credit for their good intentions, and zeal for thd public service, condemned them for their precipitation, and want of judgment. The investigations in connection with the mutiny Final appear to have terminated with the proceedings of a X807. ' court of enquiry composed of Mr. A. Scott of the Civil Service, Lieutenant-Colonel (afterwards Sir John) Mai* colm, and Lieutenant-Colonel John Munro, who were appointed to enquire and report their opinion regarding the existence of a general Mahomedan conspiracy for the subversion of British rule in India, a view which had been pressed upon the attention of Government by Major Hazlewood of the 2nd battalion 24th regiment. These officers closed their proceedings on the 19th March 1807, when they came to the conclusion that '' the infer- ences drawn by Major Hazlewood were not supported on any sufficient grounds/' Gbvemment, on the 2nd April, expressed their entire concurrence in that conclusion. On the 15th April 1807, the Court of Directors sent out Bemontl of an order directing the removal of Lord William Bentinck, ^^ the*"^' and Sir J. F. Cradock from their respective offices, and p®?,"*"^^' on the 29th May they reviewed the several reports regard- 1807. ing the mutiny in a lengthy despatch^ from which the following are extracts. 198 HISTORY or THE MADRAS ARMT. CHAPTER XVIII. Bemarks of the Court of Direoton on the oaneea of the mntiny, and on the conduct of the authori- ticB. They were of opinion that the *' immediate cause of the discontent among the sepoys was the introduction of certain innovations in their dress, which were offensive, and, as they held, degrading to them ; and that the cap- tive sons of the late Tippoo Saltan, with their adherents and abettors, took occasion, from the dissatisfaction of the sepoys, to instigate them to insurrection and revolt, with the view of effecting their own liberation, and the restoration of the Mahomedan power/' They remarked upon the danger of interfering, ''without some object of great and undeniable importance, with the sepoys in any manner which, however erroneously, they might consider as affecting their castes,'' and they went on to say that *' to have proceeded with a measure which compromised the authority of Government on the one hand, or risked the disobedience of the sepoys on the other, seems to argue a want of that prudence and discern- ment BO requisite in administering the government of a numerous and peculiar people/' They further observed that ''when it was found that the sepoys discovered great reluctance to the adoption of these novelties, the important question to be solved was, not whether the use of the turband was indeed inconsistent with the purity of caste, or whether the prohibition of marks and whiskers was sanctioned by any former practice ; neither was it enough that the Mahomedan priest and Hindoo brahmin, who were consulted, both admitted that there was in the turband, or in those other articles, nothing contrary to their castes ; but the matter of enquiry should have been, whether the sepoys, ignorant and bigotted as they might be, were really persuaded that the usages imposed upon them did trench upon their castes, because, if they were^ no compliance was to be expected from them, whatever might be the sacrifice. And, if this enquiry, which might HISTORY OF THX MADRAS ABHT. 199 haye been made indifferent modes, had given you reason CHAPTER to suppose what the sepoys affirmed^ that their conformity ' would have determined persons of the same caste no longer to associate with them^ the impositions, being of no real importance in themselyes^ might have been giveu up with- out discredit, and a new proof would have been afforded by Ooyernment of its tenderness to religious scruples/' The Court greatly regretted that when, on the 29th June, the Commander-in-Chief reported the existence of y an almost uniyersal objection '' to the new turband^Lord William Bentinck should haye neglected to make full enquiry before permitting the change to be carried out. As to the Commander-in-Chief, they observed that it was impossible to exonerate him from responsibility on the plea that he had acted under the adyice of his Staff. The following reasons were giyen for the recall of the ReaBons for Goyemor and the Commander-in-Chief : — the " It seems to us that the Government, considered generally, did not exercise the discernment and vigilance which all the circumstances of the time required. " Besides the application of this observation to Sir J. Commander- Cradock in particular, the injndicions regulations enforced under his anthonty, the remarkable degree in which he was unacquainted with the state of his own army just at the eve of an insurrection, when he thought all was calm ; and the nnpopnlarity which, it is too justly to be apprehended, the fatal issue of the whole would entail npon him, rendered it, in onr opinion, impossible, whatever regret we felt on the occasion,, to continue him in the command of the army. '* With respect to Lord William Bentinck. Of the upright- and the ^^ I.* • X i.' J !-• J ^ • Governor, ness of his intentions, and his regard for our service, we have no doubt ; and we have had pleasure in expressing our satisfaction with different measures of his government ; but others which we felt ourselves obliged, in the coarse of the last year, to disapprove, impaired our confidence in him ; and 200 CHAPTBB XTIII. RenioTsl of the Adjatant- GeDeral and Deputy. Bewardi. Annoitief. Grataitj. PnnisKment of the matinone battalions, 1807. HISTORY OF THI MADRAS ARMT. after weighing all the coDBideratiosiB connected with the business of Vellore, we felt onraelTes unable longer to con« tinne ^ that confidence to him which it is so necessary for a person holding his situation to possess." Lieutenant-Colonel Agnew,' and Major Pierce were considered to have shown so little acquaintance with the disposition and prejudices of the native troops that they were removed from their respective appointments^ and ordered to England. Colonel Gillespie was presented with 7^000 pagodas (Bs. 24,500), and Serjeant Brady with 800 pagodas (Bs. 2,800) in acknowledgment of their services. Mrs. Fanconrt was gpranted an annuity of £100, so long^ as she might continue a widow, and an allowance of £25 per annum was given to each of her two children, to be continued until the age of 16 in the case of the boy» and to that of 21 in the case of the girl. A gpratuity, equal to one month's pay, was sanctioned for each non-commissioned officer and private of the 19th dragoons who had been employed at V ellore. The punishment of the mutinous battalions became the subject of much controversy, and was not finally settled until January 1807, when the l8t« and 23rd regi- ments were struck off the strength of the army from the 31st December 1806. ' In reply to a remonstranoe against this snmmarj treatment, and an application for redress, which was snbseqaently prefen^ by Lorfl William Bentinok, the Court of Directors, on the 25th Jnly 1809, while again expressing their sense of his Lordship's uprightness, and seal, and disclaiming any intention of personal disrespect, still adhered to their original view, and regretted that " greater care and caution had not been exercised in examining into the real sentiments and dispositions of the sepoys before measures of sererity were adopted to enforce the order respecting the use of the new turband." * These officers returned to duty, bat were not restored to their appointments on the staff. HI8T0BT OF THI MADRAS ARMY. 201 Their places were sapplied by two regiments of two CHAPTEB battalions eacb^ numbered respectively the 24th ^ and 25th *. regiments. Mr. Petrie, Senior Member of Council and Provisional interim Governor, took his seat as Grovemor on the 11th Sep- oomma^deff- tember 1807, and Lieutonant-6-eneral Hay McDowall in-Chief, assumed command of the army on the 17th of the same month. ' For the formation of these regiments, vide aocoant of Natiye Infanlrj, 1806-9, Chapter XIX. The 24th and 25th regiments were restored to their original positions in the army in consideration of the gallantry displayed by the 1st battalion 24th regiment at the battle of Seetabnldee near Nagpore on the 26th and 27th November 1817. VOL. III. 26 202 HISTOKT OF THI MADRAS ARMT. CHAPTER XIX. PROM THE TBBATY WITH HOLZAE IN 1806, TO THE TERMINATION OP THE WAR IN TRAVANCORE, 1809. Hohipat Earn, 1808. CHAP. XIX. Sir George Hilabo Barlow, Bart., arrived from Cal- cutta in December 1807, and took his seat as Governor of Madras on the 24th of that month. In February 1808, Lieut.-Colonel Montresor marched from Hyderabad towards Sholapoor, in order to suppress an insurrection caused by Mohiput Earn, an influential Jaghirdar who had been recently dismissed from the Court of the Nizam, at the instance of the Resident, as being inimical to the interests of the British Government. Mohiput Ram retreated on the approach of the detach- ment/ and ultimately, but with difficulty, succeeded in making his escape into Candeish, where he took refuge with Holkar, but he had been so hard pressed, that he was obliged to abandon his guns and baggage. Colonel Montresor returned to Hyderabad in June. During this year, Mohiput Rao Holkar, Wahid Ally Khan Bungush, and Daudin Khan, three dependents of Holkar, taking advantage of the confusion which followed the insanity of that Chief, established themselves in Candeish, from whence they made incursions into the territories of the Peshwa, and of the Nizam. In conse- Aotion ftt Atnulnair. » lit and 8th oav&lry, a detachment of artillery with 8 guns, and 5 howitaera. H.M.'8 83rd foot 6 companies, Ist battaUon 16th, and 2nd battaUon 21st native infantry, and 100 pioneers. Joined soon afterwards by the 2nd cavabTr. and 2nd battalion 10th native infantry. HI8T0BY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. 203 quence of these depredations^ troops were ordered from CHAP. XIX. Poonah and Janlna, and on the 28th December the free- booters were surprised near the fort at Amulnair^^ and . dispersed by the Janbia detachment under Lieutenant- Colonel Doveton^ who displayed great energy and activity during this service. The following order was issued by the Governor- General on this occasion : — - HJi.'8 ISth— 1 priTftie killed » LieiitBnuii Tfaompaoii, a&d 14 rtak »Bd Sle wooAded. 1st battelion 17ih— 10 priTttfeei killed} Oaptoia Bead mortally wounded) 46 rank and file wounded. VOL. in. 27 210 mSTOBT Olf THS MADRAS ARMY, Thanks of QoYernment. CHAP. XIX. A subsequent report^ dated on the 2l8t^ concludes with the following words : — "The small detachment H.M*'s 12th regiment behaved with great gallantry, and showed a noble example to the first battalion of the i7th regiment, who followed it entirely to my satisfaction." The detachment received the thanks of Government^ conveyed in a general order dated 4th February 1809 : — " The Honorable the Governor in Oounoil also takes this opportonity of expressing his warm approbation of the con* duct of a detachment of troops stationed at Cochin,^ under the command of Major Hewitt, who with gpreat skill and bravery repulsed a numerous and united force of the troops of Travancore and Cochin in an attack which they made on the British detachment on the 19th ultimo. The Governor in Oouncil has particular satisfaction in expressing to Major Hewitt, and to the officers and troops under his command, his public thanks for their highly deserving conduct." On the 8rd January a detachment of artillery, 300 H.M.'s 80th foot, the 2nd battalion 12th, and the 2nd of the 22nd arrived at Cannanore from Seringapatam to replace the troops sent to Cochin and Quilon, and further reinforcements were put in motion from Mysore in the direction of the Western Coast. A requisition for Euro- pean troops from Ceylon was made about the same time. Opbbations in thb South ov Tbavancobe, 1809. About the middle of January a force ^ was assembled in the southern division with the object of operating in Beinforoe* ments. 1 On ihe 4ih September 1840 the 83rd regiment M.N.I. was author, ised to bear the word ** Cochin " on the colors and appointments in commemoration of this seirice. ' 6th oayalxy, one company of artillery with fonr e-ponnders and two 6^inoh howitaers, H.M.'s OSth regiment, 1st battalion 8rd five companies, 2nd battalion 8rd, 1st battalion 18th, 2nd battalion 18th one company, 2nd battalion I6th five companies, 2nd battalion pioneers 400. HISTORY Of TH8 HADBA8 ABHr. 211 Trayancore from the south, and thus t^reating a diversion CHAP. XIX'. in favor of Colonel Chalmers. Travancore is divided from Tinnevelly by the range Arambooly of mountains running from the north to Cape Coinorin, ComOTSttes. which are not practicable for the passage of an army except at a point some 14 miles distant from the Cape^ where there is a break in the chain about three miles in width. This break was defended by walls of masonry with bastions at intervals armed with cannon^ and the position could not be turned on either flank without much difficulty owing to the impenetrable nature of the country. This portion of the defences was known as the *' Aram- booly " lines^ and the road from Palamcottah led nearly through the centre of the works. The southern portion, called the '* Cunniah Comary '^ lines, separated from those on the north by a mountain, extended to the Cape, was nearly ten miles in length, and similar in charact^ to the other. The force from Trichinopoly, which had been placed Capture under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel the Honorable AramboolT A. Sentleger, 6th cavalry, came before the Arambooly ^^' lines on the 6th February. The Colonel, being without a battering train, determined to attempt a surprise, and on the night of the 9th, twelve ^ companies of infantry, and a party of pioneers with scaling ladders, all under Major Welsh of the 3rd regiment, moved towards the redoubt on the hill at the southern extremity of the works. The country being very difficult, owing to the thickness of the jungle, and the numerous ascents and descents, the troops >' H.M.'s 69th two eompaaies and tlie pickets, Captain Byms ; Ist battalion 8rd flank oompanies, Sod battalion 8rd seven companies, aR under Captain Lneas 2nd battalion 8rd regiment; pioneers under Lieutenant Bertram of the ftid battalion 17th N.I. Another company of the 09th and three oompanies 1st battalion 18th N.I., all undae Captain Hodgson of the latter, were afterwards sent in support*? 212 HISTOBT or THB MADRAS ARMT. Thanks to the troops. OHAP. XIX. dia not reach the foot of the walls near the summit of the hill until after a march of six hours, when the ladders were planted, and the whole of the works, together with the arsenal, were in our possession by 8 o'clock on the morning of the 10th. Our loss was extremely small, vis.. Captain Cunningham of the 69th and one sepoy killed, four Europeans, and seven natives wounded. Major Welsh and his detachment were thanked by Colonel Sentleger for *' their gallant exertions in accom- plishing an object which must ever be considered as enti- tled to a high place in military records,'^ and on the 16th February the ColonePs report was published in general orders, together with the names of the officers who had been engaged in the escalade. The thanks of the Governor in Council were conveyed to Colonel Sentleger, and the officers and men in the same order. Colonel Sentleger, having been joined on the 16th by a company of royal artillery from Ceylon with six three- pounders, and a wing of the 8rd Ceylon native regiment, marched about 3 o'clock a.m. on the 17th for the contigu- ous villages of Nagercoil and Cotaur, distant about eight miles south-west of Arambooly, and where the enemy had assembled in some strength. The advance, com- posed of a strong picked detachment,^ led by Colonel McLeod of the 69th, came upon the enemy at daybreak in a strong position, defended by cannon, and with a river in their front. Colonel McLeod immediately attacked, and compelled them to retreat in confusion with the loss of nine guns. Capture of Cotaur and NageroolL ^ eth oayalxy three troops; flank omnpanies SQth s Ceylon regiment ; flank oompanies Ist and 2nd battalions 8rd regiment i flank oompaniea 1st of 18th I one oompany pioneers nnder Lieutenant Faterson, Madras European regiment ; detachment royal artillery i galloper g^ns of the oavalry, and a brigade of siz-pounders attached to the 1st battalion 18th regiment. HISTOST 01* THl KADRAS ARMT. 213 The two villages were taken poBsesaion of without farther CHAP. XIX. opposition. Captain Lenn of the Ceylon regiment, and Lientenant Swayne 1st battalion 13th regiment, were wounded, and 49 rank and file killed and woanded. On the 19th the force advanced against the forts of Oooapation of Oodagherry and Papanaveram, distant from Nagercoil ^^^ abont eight miles in a north-westerly direction, and found ^^>^^°^- them both abandoned. A. number ^ of guns and valuable arms were taken, but the treasure had been removed. The following order was published on the 26th Feb- ruary : — " The Governor in Oooncil repeats to Lieutenant-Colonel Thanks to Sentleger, and to the officers and men under his orders, his ^ roops. warmest thanks for the activity, seal, and bravery which have ■igualised their operations. " The Gbvemor in Council has particular satisfaction in observing the further proof of military skill and gallantry afforded by that distinguished and valuable officer, lieutenant- Colonel McLeod of H.M.'s 69th regiment, in the action of Cotaur and Nagercoil, which has been followed by events of a highly important nature." On the 21st February Colonel Sentleger took np a The forae position half-way between Oodagherry and the town of 55e^^m. Colaohee on the coast, which was taken possession of on the 28rd by a detachment for the purpose of opening a communication by sea with Colonel Chalmers at Quilon. This having been secured. Colonel Sentleger marched on the 27th for Trevandrum, the capital of the Rajah, where he arrived on the night of the 28th, and occupied a position commanding the place. When the main body marched from Arambooly, a Capture of detachment of the 2nd battalion 6th, under Captain ^^Kmthem Townsend, was left there to protect the communications, > Appendix B. 214 HISTOBT OF THE MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XIX. and also to take possession of the soathem^ or Canniah Gomary lines^ whicli was accomplished without dpposi- tion about the 21st February. Action at Qailon. Dispositions for attack. Defeat of the enemy. Affairs at Quilow, 1809. H.M.'s 12th regiment^ followed by the 2nd battalion 18th regiment N.I.^ joined Colonel Chalmers early in January^ and the next few days were spent in adding to the strength of the cantonment, then threatened by the enemy, who had assembled in the neighbourhood to the number of about 80,000 men with eighteen guns. Early on the morning^ of the 15th January the enemy was observed approaching in force from several directions^ and the troops were immediately got under arms. Lieutenant-Colonel Picton with a wing of H.M.'s 12th, eight companies of the 18th under Major Muirhead, and a couple of guns, advanced against a large body which had occupied some heights in front of the cantonment, while Major Hamilton of the 13th, with the other wing H.M/s 12th, the 1st battalion 2nd, and his own batta- lion, moved against another considerable body with guns, which had taken up a position on the left, about half a mile from the cantonment, upon which they had opened fire. Colonel Chalmers accompanied this column. Cap- tain Newall, with the 1st battalion 4th, was left to defend the camp. The right column under Colonel Picton entirely defeated the enemy, killing a great number, and taking two guns. He spoke highly of the behaviour of the troops, Euro-^* pean and native. The left column was equally successful, having dis- persed two separate bodies, and taken four guns. During * Colonel Clialmen' report. aiSTOBT OP THE MADBAS ABHT. 215 the pursuit, part of tlie Comatic Brigade, with guns, CHAP, appeared on the heights to the west of the cantonment ~*^ and opened fire. It was immediately charged and forced to retire, and the guns taken. In the meantime three regular corps of Nairs, which had advanced on the right of the camp, had been attacked and dispersed by Captain Newall. A number of them were killed, and four of their guns were captured. Cap* tain Newall was wounded, but the battalion did not lose a man. Although this engagement lasted four hours, our casual- Oajmaltiei. ties, including officers, only amounted to 141 ^ killed and wounded. Fifteen guns were taken. The following order was issued on this occasion : — *' FoH 8t George, Aih February 1809. ''The Honorable the Gbvemorin Council has recently Complimen- received a particular account of the action which took place ^^ at Qoilon on the 1 5th ultimo, between the British troops, and the troops of Travancore, in which, after a severe and long contest, the Travanoore troops were defeated with heavy loss. 1 Kmed. Wounded. • CO Bnro- peans. Nativee. Euro* peanB. Natives. Artillezy H.M/8 18th regiment, let b»tt«lion 8nd ... let do. 4th 2nd do. 18th ... 8nd do. 18th Total ... 1 8 ... •*. •*. >. . 6 •«• 1 .•• 1 2 6 47 •*. 1 • • 1 9 •«• 6 12 12 89 • •f • • * 1 ... • ** • •■ 20 55 8 18 13 82 9 9 64 es 1 141 Captain Bajley, Lieutenant MoUoj, and Surgeon Erskine, H.H.'8 12th, wounded. Captain KewaU 4th, Ueutenaot Blade 18th, and Assistant Snigeon Davidson artillery, wounded. 216 BISTORT Of TBI MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XIZ. From the extent of the combined force whicli was opposed to the British troops, this s^al victory reflects the highest honor on their discipline and yalonr : and the Gk>Temor in Council has great satisfaction in expressing his strongest approbation of their meritorions condact. ^ The Oovernor in Gonncil accordingly conToys to Liente- nant*Colonel Chalmers, who oommasided the British detach* ment at Qnilon in this distinguished action, his public thanks, and Lieutenant-Colonel Chalmers is requested to convey the thanks of the Oovernor in Council to Lieutenant-Colonel Picton H.M.'s 12th regiment, Major Muirhead, Major Hamil- ton, Captain Newall, Captain Pepper, Captain Mackintosh, Lieutenant Lindsay, Lieutenant Arthur of the Engineers^ and the officers of his staff Captain Oanston and Captain Ahmuty, with the other officers and troops of the detachment who bravely signalised themselves on the occasion." Seoond The cantonments were again attacked ^ on the 3lst ^i^i^yQ^^^,^ January, with a similar result, and the Nairs suffered so severely that they began to desert in considerable num- bers. Final defeat No farther attempt was made by the enemy after the of the enemy, repulse of the 81st January, and Colonel Chalmers, having been joined on the 19th February by H.M/s 19th regiment under Lieutenant-Colonel the Honorable P. Stnart, felt himself sufficiently strong to attack their position at KiUianoor,* which was protected by batteries having a deep nullah full of water in their front, and defended by about 5|000 men. The first brigade, composed of H.M.'s 12th, the 2nd of the 18th, and a wing of the 4th, all under Lieutenant- Colonel Picton, was ordered to turn the left of the posi- tion, while the seoond brigade, composed of H.M/s 19th, ' The report oontoining the partionlan o^ this aAur hM act beea found. ' Aboat two and a-half miles inland from cantonments* HISTORY OF THS MADRAS ARMT. 217 led by Major B6aver^ the 2Dd of the 13th under Major CHAP. XIX. Hamilton^ and three companies of the 2nd nnder Captain Pepper^ all commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart, attacked in front. Both attacks were completely success- fal, and the enemy took to flight, leaving their guns behind. The advance of the front attack having been covered by a well-directed fire of artillery until the head of the column had nearly reached the batteries, the casual- ties in this brigade were much less than they would other- wise have been. It does not appear that the other brigade sustained any loss. The following are extracts from the report of Colonel Chalmers,, dated 23rd February : — '* The greatest credit m due to the troops for the steady manner they advanced against the batteries, through deep water and mud, and thorny bushes, under a heavy fire of musketry, round, and grape. H.M.'8 19th reg^iment lost one killed and ten wounded, several very severely, and about the same number of natives. ^ Captain Foote, H M.'b ' Piedmontaise ' volunteered his services on shore, and landed a detachment oi seamen. Half of them went with Lieut.-Colonel EHcton under Lieutenant Turner, and the other half, under Captain Foote, accompanied Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart. They were employed in bringing up our artillery in the front of the enemy's batteries. They did this with that alacrity and courage whioh they invariably display on all occasions of service. I regret one of them was severely wounded." On the Srd March a general order was published, from OomplimeBr which the following is an extract : — ^^ '* The Honorable the Governor in Council has great pleasure in recording the high sense which he entertains of the skill and judgment evinced by Lieutenant-Golonel Chalmers in the VOL. III. 28 218 HISTOBT OF THB MADRAS ARlfT. CHAP. XIX. The arxnj reaches Trevandram. Snicide of the Dewan, and exeontion of his brother. Detachment in Cochin. arrangements made by him to secure the success of the attack ^ upon the enemy's position, and requests that LienteHant- Golonel Chalmers will convey to Lieutenant-Colonel Picton, to the Honorable Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart, and to the officers and men who served under them, the public thanks of the Honorable the Governor in Council for their meritorious ezertiions on this occasion." Colonel Chalmers marched from Quilon on the 26th February, and encamped afew miles north of Trevandrum^ a day or two after Colonel Sentleger had occupied a similar position on the sonth. The Rajah submitted immediately after the concentration of the army round his capital^ and on the Ist or 2nd March it was agreed that^ in addition to all arrears of subsidy, he should pay the expenses of the war, and that the Camatic Brigade, and the Nair battalions in his service should be dismissed. The Bewan committed suicide, but his brother was taken and hanged for his participation in the murder of Assistant-Surgeon George Hume of the Company^s service, and about thirty-three men of H.M/s 12th foot, which had been treacherously perpetrated at AUeppy on the 29th December 1808, the day after the commence- ment of the insurrection* The body of the Dewan was hung in irons and exposed upon a gibbet, a proceed- ing which called forth the severe aninoadversion of the Supreme Government. In the meantime, a strong detachment ^ under Lieute- nant-Colonel John Cuppage had entered the territory of Cochin and encamped about twelve miles north of the town, where it remained until affairs were finally settled. ^ From this order it wonld appear that the action took place on the 2lBt, but Colonel Chalmers makes it the 22nd. ^ Detachment artillery, detachments H.M/s 59th and 80th, flank companies 1st battalion 5th, 2nd battalion 9th, 2nd of 12th| and 2nd of 14th. HISTOBT OF THE MADRAS ASMT. 219 Lieutenant-Colonel John Munro^ previously Quarter- CHAP. xix. master-General^ was appointed Resident in October 1810. settlement of Soon afterwards, at the request of the Rajah, and with ig®^^''*''**' the assent of the British Government, he assumed the administration of the province, which he conducted with great success until 1814, when he made over the manage- ment to a Native, by which time the State had been relieved of pecuniary embarrassment. This arrangement, however, was condemned by the Court of Directors, who pronounced it to be entirely opposed to all the principles upon which their relations with friendly Native States had theretofore been conducted. 220 HISTORY OF THE HADBA8 ABUT. CHAP. XIX. Inspeotiiig officer of oavalzy, 1808. AboHtMmof the appoint • ment, 1807. BefSOtfor instracUoii, 1807. Scale of penfliODB, 1«07. Bodyg^rd, 1808. Cavalet, 1806-9. In Angast 1806 Colonel Gillespie^ H.M/s 19th dragoons, was appointed to be Inspector and Exercising Officer of Cavalry^ on a staff allowance of 200 pagodas per mensenij bnt this appointment was discontinned in November 1807, in oonseqnence of orders from the Court of Directors, bj whom it was pronounced unnecessary. They at the same time remarked, that as four-fifths of the cavalry consisted of native troops, with whose usages Colonel Gillespie, who had only been a short time in India, could not possi- bly be acquainted, the selection for the appointment, had it been required, ought to have been made from amongst the experienced officers of their own service. In April 1807 a depdt, for the instruction of young officers, and recruits of cavalry, was established at Aroot under the command of Captain Davidson, 4th regiment, but it was abolished in February 1808. The following scale of pensions to the several ranks of native cavalry was published in general orders of the 13th May 1807, to have effect from the 1st January 1807 in arrears for December 1806 :^ f First class Sabadar < Second do. LThird do. Jemadar ... Havildar Naigue Trooper or Trumpeter Farrier ••• PAG. F. C. 17 14 21 18 4 21 3 2 21 1 21 3 The body guard was discontinued as a separate corps from the 30th April 1808, and the native officers and men HI8T0BT Of THI 1IADKA8 ABUT. 221 were ordered to be borne on the stre>ii of tbe several CHAP. XIX. regiments. """ The regulation of 1802 regarding the provision and Hni^g maintenance of camp equipage having been abolished in May 1808^ hatting allowances on the foUowing scale were then granted to the native cavalry and infantry, for whom^ np to that time, officers commanding regiments and battalions had been bound, in consideration of a certain monthly allowance, to provide accommodation for their men when not in camp. BS. 24 Do. Jemadar do. \fA 111 IliWllV* J do. 12 Do. Havildar do. do. 4 Da Naig^e do. d«. 3 Do. Private do. do. 2 222 HISTOST OV THB KADSAS ASMT. CHAP. XIX. Artillbbt^ 1806-9. Field offioen, ^^ ^^^ ^^^ August 1806, an additional Lieutenant- 18^ Colonel^ and Major were posted to each battalion of artillery, the promotions to have effect from the 15th May preceding. General ^ *^® 1^*^ November the following order regarding ^,??S™ M the employment on the staff of General Officers of Artil- eligiblefor * r; ■feair emploj. lery and Engineers, was published to the army : — '' O.O.a.G., Fort WiUiam, Uth May 1806. '' The Honorable the Court of Birectord in their general letter to the (Jovemor-General in Council of the 12th July 1805, have been pleased to confirm the general orders of the Oovemor-General in Council of 4ith August 1803, declaring officers of Artillery and Engineers, when promoted to the rank of General Officers, to be eligible,^ conformably to the existing reg^ations of the Honorable the Court of Directors, to be employed on the general stafE." These officers were, by the same order^ declared in- eligible for the command of their respective corps. Enliainnjoiits, . In February 1807 it was reported by the Conmiandant of artillery that ten privates had recently shot or other- wise injured themselves^ in order to obtain their discharge^ and that he attributed this conduct to the manner in which men had been enlisted during the last few years. The established period of service, up to the year 1800, had been five years, at the end of which men were entitled to bounty on re-enlistment; but the recruits recently received had been enlisted for long terms, viz., some for ten years, some for '' general service,^' without limitation of period, ^ Ganoelled by the Court of DireotorB, Febroaiy 1814. ^ HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. 223 and others as '' culprits ^' to serve for life^ but unaccom- CHAP. XIX. panied by any specification of crime or record of sentence. Many of these men declared themselves ignorant of the conditions of their enlistment^ and all were discontented at seeiug the payment of bounty to their short-service comrades. Government, at the instance of the Commander-in- Chief, agreed to recommend to the Court of Directors that these recruits should^ at the expiration of five years, be entitled to the same privileges as their comrades, and the Commander-in-Chief was requested to cause this resolution to be made known to the corps of artillery, and to the European regiments. During August it having been brought to the notice of Tomb-stonfla Government that a number of tomb-stones, which had J^ttMiea. been taken from St. Mary's Church daring the siege of Fort St. George in 1758, to be used as platforms in the batteries on the northern face, had remained there ever since, it was ordered that they should be replaced. A new scale of pensions for Golandauze was introduced Pensions to during the year, to have retrospective eflTect from the 1st January 1807 in arrears for December 1806. The follow- ing were the rates fixed : — i ••• Subadar Jemadar Havildar Naigue Sepoy Drummer or Fifer Daring 1808 the artillery received 133 men from the Transfer Eegiment de Meuron, which called forth the following |^|^*rL{. remark from the Court of Directors in their general letter °^^^^ ^^^ dated 6th April 1809 :— PAG . p. 0. 8 4 2 I 21 1 7 40 2 224 HISTOBT Of THE XADRA8 kVMY. CHAP. XIX. Stroogih of the aiiiUery, Kovember 180& Hone Artillery, 1866^. '' In oonsideraiion of ihe long and faithful servioes of the Begiment de Menron nnder the Britiah Goyemment in India, and of the deficient state of your artillery corps, we do not ohject to the transfer of a part of that regiment to the corps alluded to, notwithstanding our disinclination, on general prin- ciples, to any large proportion of foreigners being admitted into that corps." Besides the draft mentioned above^ 442 recraitfl were received from England daring the year, and a retom dated 12th November shows the strength of the artillery to have been as shown below : — m 9 I I Hone Artilleiy l8t BaUalion Artillery. 2iid do. do. 6 42 40 6 87 86 11 78 78 18 16 82 667 664 On the 15th March 1808, a Captain-lieutenant was attached to the squadron of Horse Artillery, and on the 27th Janoaiy 1809, the establishmenlb was augmented, and denominated " The Corps of Horse Artillery.'^ It was to consist of three troops, viz., two of Europeans, and one of natives. The Captain and three Lieutenants were posted to the first troop ; the Captain-Lieutenant and three Lieutenants to the second troop ; and the third troop was to be commanded by a Lieutenant, with two other officers of that rank as Subalterns. The officer commanding the corps was vested with authority to impost the officers to troops from time to time, as he might consider bestlbr the public service. ^ In July another Captain-Lieutenant was appointed Y^ the corps, and the following detailed account of t^e establishment was published in general orders, viz : — \ HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ASMT. 225 1 Gaptain- Commandant. 2 Captain-Lieutenants. 9 Subalterns. 1 Surgeon. 1 Adjutant. 1 Quartermaster. 1 Serjeant-Major. 1 Quartermaster Serjeant. 1 Ridingmaster Serjeant. 1 Drill Serjeant. 4 Rough Biders, and 1 Sub Assistant Surgeon. CHAP. XIX. European Non^ Commissioned, Bank and File, 9 Serjeants. 4 Farriers. 4 Trumpeters. 9 Corporals. 18 Gunners. 142 Matrosses. Native Non-Commissioned, Bank and FUe, 1 Subadar. 2 Jemadars. 4 Hayildars. 4 Naigpes. Two I2-pounders. Two 5i^-inch howitzers. Ten 6-pounders with car riages. 70 Troopers. 1 Pay Havildar. 2 Rough Riders. 5 Sallastries. Ordnance. 16 Tumbrils. 2 spare carriages. 2 forge carts, and 2 store carts. Horses, 26 for Officers, 412 Regimental. The Adjutant, and Quartermaster non-effective. VOL. III. 29 n 226 HISTOBT OF THE MADBA.8 A.BHT. CHAP. XIX. Promotion of Colonels, 1806. Abolition of allowances from the Bazar Fund, 1807. Forage cap8« Military Fond, 1806. Edeopkan Infantry, 1806-9. In November 1806 it was notified to the army that Colonels in the Company's service would not, in future, be promoted to the rank of Major-General independently of the operation of promotions under the Royal Brevets. In June 1807^ it was announced that^ in conformity with orders received from the Court of Diredtors^ all sums collected on account of duties levied in military bazars would thenceforth be carried exclusively to the credit of (Government. The final payment to be made to officers commanding districtsj garrisons, cantonments, &o. to be for the period between the 12th July 1806, and 11th July 1807. About the end of the year it was ordered that the pat- tern of forage cap worn by the officers of H.M/s 59th regiment should be adopted by the European officers of the Company's infantry, including those attached to the native corps. In March 1808 the establishment of a Military Fund for the benefit of the officers of each branch of the army was authorised by Government, subject to the approval of the Court of Directors. The following is an abstract of the main points of the original regulations : — 1. It was optional with officers to join the fund. 2. Monthly stoppageSi at certain fixed rates, were to be made by Paymasters from the pay and allowances of sub- scribers. 8. A donation, equal to a month's regimental pay, was payable by instalments, so that the whole amount should be liquidated either in six, twelve, or eighteen months at the option of the subscriber. HIBTOBT OT THB KADRAS ABMT. ' 227 CHAP. XIX. Native Intantbt^ 1806-9. The following orders were issued in July^ August^ and September 1806 in consequence of the mutiny at Yellore : " 0,0, by Oovemm&rU.—Fart Saint George, 17ih July 1806. ** It haying been represented to the Right Honorable the Canoelling Govemor in Council that considerable mtsunderstandincr has ^^^\. ^ regarding occurred among some of the native corps of this establish- dress, 1806. ment with respect to a late alteration in the dress of the native corps; and it being in all cases the desire of His Lordship in Council, and of the Commander-in-Chief, to shew every just degree of attention to the usages of the native troops ; it has been in consequence resolved that the orders which have been considered liable to the objection of affecting these usages shall be rescinded." ^^0.0, by the Commamder-in- Chief, '^OhouUry Plavn^ nth July 1806. ** The Commander-in-Chief is pleased to cancel the 10th' paragraph of the 11th section of orders for " Battalions of Native Infantry" under date the 13th March 1806.'* On the 22nd August an order was published in which Native the Commander-in-Chief called the attention of all officers '*'^*™*fi^"* to the necessity of making themselves acquainted with the native languages^ and announced his determination not to recommend any officer for appointment to the stafl^ unless duly qualified in that respect. The order of 1801, by which the attachment of recruit Boy orderlies, boys to European officers as orderlies had been prohibited, was rescinded on this occasion for the following reason : " His Excellency has been induced to adopt this decision from the conviction that the advantage gained by the restric- 1 Prohibitiog oaste-marks and earrings when in nniform. ^ 228 HISTOBT 07 THS MABBAS ABMT. Dresa. CHAP. XIX. tion of the boys to duties ' purely military ' has not balanced the injury the service has sustained by the loss of that &oility to the acquirement of a common language, and knowledge of native customs which their former attachment to the junior officers produced." On the 24th September^ a farther order, from which the following is an extract, was issued by Govemment on the subject of dress^ and marks of caste. '* The Bight Honorable the Oovernor in Council deeming it of the utmost importance that the intentions of the G-ovem- ment with regard to the dress and customs of the native troops should be exactly understood, and that all unauthorised alterations in the established pattern dress should cease, is pleased to issue the following orders. '* The order of Government under date the 15th March 1797, fixing a pattern turband, shall continue to be in force. Leather cockades and plumes shall not be worn. Stocks of every description shall be abolished. " The jacket shall be worn as received from the contractor, without any additional ornament or distinction, and the half mounting shall in no particular differ from the pattern lodged in the office of the Military Board and already in use. '* The fullest permission shall be given to the native troops to wear their marks of caste at all times, and in any manner they think proper. The same full liberty shall be granted with respect to the hair on the upper lip, and the wearing of joys, and ornaments peculiar to different families, and castes. The imposition of any restraint, either by order, or by request, on the inclination of the sepoys in these particulars, is posi- tively forbidden. The Gt>vemor in Council also requires that every practicable indulgence shall be shown to the sepoy in the observance of his domestic customs.'* The existing arrangements of the native invalid esta- blishment were revised in November, with the view of enabling the men to serve in their native districts, and also with the object of territorial recruiting. Harks of caste. Eevision of the invalid establish- ment. HISTOBT or THE MADRAS ARMY. 229 The number of companies was ordered to be Increased CHAP. XIX. to forty-six from the 1st Jannary 1807, Each company """^ 'was to be considered as attached to an effective battalion^ and was to be permanently stationed in the district where that battalion had been raised. The companies were to recmit for their respective Territorial battalions^ and it was intended that when their connection ™^"" "^' had become fully established, the families of the batta- lions on field service should reside under the protection of the invalid companies under the superintendence of a European officer whenever practicable. The pay of sepoy invalids was raised at this time to the same amount as that of effective men, to have effect from the 1st Decem- ber 1806. The Commander-in-Chief was directed to publish the Stations detailed arrangements for the formation, allotment to oompanies, corps, and distribution to stations, of the companies of ^^* native invalids on the principle above mentioned, but this was not done until the 4th September 1807, when the following distribution was ordered : — Stations Number of Battalions to which of companies. companies. the companies are attached. Madras 8 2nd of 20th, 1st and 2nd 26th. Poonamallee 1 2nd of 2nd. Ghingleput 1 Ist of 12th. Wallajahbad 1 Ist of 8th. Permaooil 1 Ist of 8rd. Vellore and Amboor ... .^ V 1 4 2 1st of 4th and 2nd of 12th. Amee ... .-. 1 2nd of 14th.. Caddalore 1 2nd of lOth. Negapatam 1 1st of 20th. Tanjore 2 2nd of 18th, 2nd of 24th. Trichinopoly 4 1st of eth, 1st of 18th, Ut of 16th, 2nd of 22nd. Dindigol 1 Ist of 14th. Madnzaand Hamnad ... ... • 2 1st of 7th, 2nd of 16th. 230 HI8T0BT or THI KADRAS ABUT. Pionoors and public carriage. BedtLOtion' of the Ist and 23rd regiments, 1807. Formation of the 24th and 26th regiments. CHAP. XIX. -«.«. Stations Number of Battalions to which of companies. companies. the companies are attached. Palamoottah and Tinnevelly 1 • 2nd of 8rd, 2nd of 6th. NeUore 1 Ist of 22nd. Ongpole and Cambom S ' 2nd of 15th. Gnntoor 1 1st of 17th. Masnlipatam 2 2nd of 7th, Ist of 15th. Ellore 8 2nd of 9th, 2nd of 19th, Ist of 24th. Condapilly 1 2nd of 8th. Samnlcottah 1 Ist of 9th. Bajahmnndiy 1 2nd of llth. Yizagapatam 1 1st of 19th. • Yizianagram 1 1st of 21st. Chicaoole 3 1st of llth, 2nd of 17th, 2&d of 2l8t. Ganjam 1 1st of 10th. Bellaiy and Qooty ) - 2nd of 18th. Gnddapah and Gnrrumcondah I ' 2nd of 6th. Bangalore 1 Ist of 18th. Nandydroog 1 1st of 6th. Kistnagherry and Sonkenydroog 1 ' 2nd of 4th. i Seringapatam Total Gompanies... 1 1st of 2nd. 46 The Quartermaster-G-eneral was vested with the general superintendence and direction of the corps of pioneers in November 1806, also with that of all pnblic cattle, of the corps of dooly bearers, and of all doolies and sick carts. On the 14th January 1807, the 1st and 23rd regiments were ordered to be struck off the list of the army from the 31st December 1806, on account of the mutiny of the 1st battalion of the former, and the 2nd battalion of the latter at Yellore in July 1806. Two regiments, numbered respectively the 24th, and 25th, were formed to replace them. Such of the native officers and men of the 1st, and 23rd, as had been found free from any imputation of disaffection, or previous know- HlSTOBT OF THX XADRAfl ABMT. 231 ledge of the mntiny, were retained in the service ; the CHAP. XIX. rest were discharged. The innocent men of the Ist batta- lion 1st were disposed of as follows : — 7 native officers^ isfc battalion 17 havildars^ 19 naigaes, and 318 privates formed the ^^' nucleas of the 1st battalion 24th regiment; 18 havildars, 8 naig^eSy and 87 privates were sent to the 2nd battalion. The 1st battalion was completed to the fall strength by transfers from the 2nd battalion late 1st regiment. The 1st battalion 25th regiment was composed of the ist battalion 1st battalion 23rdj and the few well-affected men of the 2nd battalion of the same. The European officers of the late 1st and 23rd regi- Baropean ments were posted to the Ist battalions of the 24th and ^^^^ 25th regiments respectively, pending the formation of the 2nd battalions : the officers of the 1st going to the 24th, and those of the 23rd to the 25th regiment. The 2nd battalion 24th was formed at Tanjore, in 2nd battalion March, of volunteers from the " Tanjore Provincial Bat- talion,'' a local corps commanded by Captain Butler, and then about to be disbanded. The officers and men having been allowed the privilege of entering the 24th with the benefit of their rank and service, the number who took advantage of the permission was so large that the battalion became known as '* Butler's,'' a name ^ which it still retains. The 2nd battalion 25th was formed at Madras in snd battalion March of volunteers from the " Madras Fencible Batta- ^^ lion," a corps which had been disembodied on the 27th February. The officers and men were allowed to enter the 25th on the same terms as those granted to the volunteers from the " Tanjore Provincial Battalion." 1 The 17th regiment MJ7.I. The original 17th battalion was raised in 1777. It beoame the Snd battalion Ist at the reorganisation in 1796, and was inoorporated into the 1st battalion 24th in 1807 as mentioned in the text. HierOBT OF THK KAtlKU ABHT. OBAP. 3as. Bniopean The posting of Earopeau officers to the 2iid battalions of the 24tli and 35tti took place on the 1st March, the former receiving half of those who had belonged to the old Ist, and the latter half of those who had belonged to the old 23rd regiment. On the 27th February 1807 a native adjutant was allowed for each battalion of pioneers. A new scale of pensions was sanctioned on the IStb Hay to have retrospective effect from the 1st January 1807 in Arrears for December 1806. The following were the rates for native infantry, pioneers, guides and lasoars respectively ; — Ifatire lotaittf— riaa. r. c. ,tSrat oUbb 10 BabodftT ) Seuond do. 7 21 'Third do. 6 Jemadar 8 21 H»rlldar ... 1 2BdO Ksfgne 1 21 Bepor 10 Drumtuetor Fifer 2 Chm Latoan and Fioneen— .Firrt ela» ... 6 Sjraag or Jemadar { aeocuid do. 4 21 1 Third do. 3 21 40 FintTindal BrHayildar ... 1 29 Secxnid do. orN»^ ... 1 21 LuoarorFiuneer 18 Head Guide 8 Second do. ... 2 Prirttodo. 10 Store and Tent LMC*r»— Byiang 8 21 FinlTindal 1 29 40 Second do. ... . 1 21 Laeoai ... 10 10 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARHT. 233 The tent contraet, which had been introduced in 1802, CHAP. XIX. was abolished in May 1808, and it was then determined Abolition that the establishment of camp equipage, lascars, and ^^J'^^***^ carriage for camp equipage, and regimental stores, should 1808. be permanently maintained at the public erpense. The Quartermaster-General was vested, under the orders and authority of the Commander-in-Chief, with the general charge, direction, and control of all establishments con- nected with camp equipage ; and a ^et of regulations for the guidance of the department was published in general orders. The tents in use were made over to Government on the terms specified in the following order, dated 3rd May : — '' The Honorable the Qovemor in Council having resolved that the camp equipage maintained by Commanding Officers for the use of native corps shall be purchased by the public on the expiration o£ the existing contract, at valuations to be certified upon honor by those officers respectively, is pleased to order and direct that the tents attached to native corps shall be delivered over on the 31st instant to the officers of custody of Government, and charged for in bills supported by declarations upon honor," On the abolition of the regulation above mentioned, Hutting^ allowances ^ for hutting were granted to the several ranks ™°^®y' of the native army, for whom, up to that time, accommo- dation had been provided by Commanding Officers. In August 1808, Captain Conway, then Deputy Carriage of Adjutant-Greneral at Hyderabad, recommended that the ^^^ '* knapsacks of the sepoys, when on service, should be carried at the public expense in the same manner as those of the European troops. He stated that during long and severe marches numbers of men used to fall to the rear, and that many of those remaining in the ranks ' For the scale of allowances see the account of Cavalry, 1806-9. VOL. III. 30 234 HISTOBY OF THB MADRAS ABHY. CHAP. XIX. were jaded and fatigued by the weight they had to oarry^ which he estimated at 30 lbs. over and above that of arms and accoutrements. He remarked that ** the European soldier^ who is relieyed from this embarrassment^ is seldom known to fall in the rear, even on the longest marches or under the hottest sun/' This recommend- ation was supported by the Commander-in- Chief > but Oovemnfenty although admitting the advantage of such a measure, '' did not consider it expedient to issue any general order on the subject.^' However, a few years later, on the occasion of the formation of battalions of '' Light Infantry,^' and subsequently in the case of the '' Bifle Corps,'' orders were given that the knapsacks of the men of these oorps should be carried at the expense of Grovemment. Rednetioii, During June 1809 the establishment of privates on the strength of native battalions was reduced from 900 to 800, but the troops serving with the Hyderabad subsi* diary force were kept up to the former number, 100 being returned as supernumeraries. The two battalions of pioneers were reduced at the same time from 800 to 700 privates each. ^^^^ • Pi HISTOBT OF THE MADRAS ABICT. 235 CHAPTER XX. MUTINY OP THE BUBOPBAN OPFICBES, 1809. Whbn Lord Comwallis died at Ghazipoor in October CHAP. XX. 1805, the Government devolved upon Sir George Hilaro ^^ JTh! Barlow as senior Member of Council in Bengal, and ^^^^^ in February 1806 he was appointed Governor-General by the Court of Directors, which was agreed to by the Board of Control as a temporary measure. This appointment, however, was revoked a few days afterwards by the Ministry, who did not approve of the policy of Sir George Barlow in regard to certain Native States, and, after some discussion and correspondence, it was determined to send out Lord Minto^ who arrived at Calcutta in July 1807. Sir George Barlow, who had been nominated Governor Beooaes of Madras as some compensation for his supersession, ^f uSm, reached that place in December, when that administration ^^^< commenced which has been described as a '' season ' of unprecedented private Tnieery, and unexampled public peril and ala/rm.*' During the time Sir George Barlow filled the office of His nnpopa. Governor-General, he not only failed ^ to obtain the defer- caiontta, ence and respect due to his station, but made himself ^^^^^- obnoxious by his despotic conduct in official matters, and his cold and repulsive manners in private life. On arriving at Madras the Gk>vemor found the conduct Ur. Shenon's of Mr. Sherson of the Civil Service under investigation. **■*• 1 Wilson's History of British India, VoL I, page 236. 2 Marahman'g History of India, Vol. II, page 286. case. 236 HISTORY OF TBK HADBAS ARllY. CliAP. XX. The accounts o{ that gentleman had been reported correct by the Civil Auditor, but as they happened not to agree with the native accounts in the office. Sir G-eorge Barlow assumed that Mr. Sherson had been guilty of peculation, suspended both him and the Civil Auditor from the public service, and instituted a prosecution against the former in the Supreme Court. Mr. Sherson was acquitted, and the Court of Directors being of opinion that he had been improperly treated, they restored him to the service, and presented him with a donation of Bs. 70,000 as compensation. Reddy Rao's A Special Commission was engaged at this time in enquiring into the claims of the creditors of the late Nawaub of the Camatic, and the Commissioners had employed, as their adviser, a native named Beddy Bao, who had been in the Account Department of the Nawaub. During the investigation, Beddy Bao produced, for exami* nation, a bond held by himself, the validity of which was impeached by another creditor named Awadanum Paupiah, who supported the accusation by witnesses. The bond, however, was pronounced by the Commissioners to be genuine, and they resolved to prosecute the witnesses for perjury, but this intention was anticipated by the com- mitment of Beddy Bao on a charge of forgery. At this stage of the proceedings Sir George Barlow interposed his authority. He summarily dismissed the Magistrate who had committed Beddy Bao, and ordered the Advocate- Oeneral to defend the latter at his trial. Two gentlemen, viz., Mr. Parry, a respectable merchant, and Mr. Boebuck, one of the senior members of the Civil Service, were also punished for having opposed the Commissioners, i former by being deported to England, and the latter being removed to an inferior situation in the Northc Circars, where he died soon afterwards. N BISTORT OF THE MADBAS ABHT. 237 Beddy Rao was found guilty before the Supreme Court, CHAP. XX. and it was subsequently discovered that he had been *"" concerned in the issue of other fabricated securities, and generally implicated in the frauds upon the Nawaub's treasury. The proceedings, in the matter of Mr. Sherson, as well as in that of the Camatic bonds, were marked by want of judgment, undue severity, and injustice, and in the case of Beddy Rao, Sir George Barlow committed the Government by *' throwing ^ the whole weight of his autho^ rity ^ into the same scale as aa^impostor and a cheat, ^* These occurrences did not tend to impress the public with any respect for the justice or moderation of the Governor. From the beginning of 1807^ if not from an earlier BiBoontent in period^ a spirit of discontent had existed among the I807.8. officers of the Madras array, of which the undermen- tioned appear to have been the principal causes, viz., the higher allowances granted to the officers of the Bengal army, and the undue proportion of commands which had been recently bestowed upon the officers of the Royal army. This feeling was aggravated by the discontinu- ance, in July 1807, of certain allowances paid to officers commanding distridts, stations, and cantonments, out of the duties levied in military bazars ; and by the abolition of the tent contract in May 1808. Although the mutiny, which broke out in May 1809, Examination cannot fairly be attributed to these grievances, but rather ^evances to the harsh and arbitrary measures of the Governor in complained > WiUon'B History of British India, Vol. I, pag^^44. ' It was said that the Goyemment had been induced to support Seddy ;ao on the representations of certain officials who had a lar^ interest \ the bond, and also in seyeral other claims preferred by Beddy Bao. -Marshes Review of some important Passages in the Administration ' Sir G. H. Barlow, 1813, pages 210-15. allowanoes. 238 HI8T0BT 09 THI MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XX. Council, yet it may be well to describe the nature and extent of the former in order that the reader may esti- mate their reality and importance, and jndgo what degree of influence they may be supposed to haye exercised over the events of May. Digpwrityof The disparity between the allowances of the Bengal officers, and those of Madras, had always existed, and was justified by the Court of Directors in their letter of the Idth September 1809, when commenting on the several grievances set forth in a general memorial ^ addressed to them, which had been submitted by the Commander-in- Chief to the Madras Government on the 23rd January with his favorable recommendation, but which they had censured * and refused to forward. The following are extracts from that part of the Courtis letter treating of the disparity in question : — " In the different Presidencies of the Company in India, distinctions, have &om the beginning, subsisted in respect to emolomentB, and advantages (not only in the Military, but in every department) ; these distinctions have arisen from the comparative importance of the Presidencies themselves, and of the public business to be transacted under th^m." '* Thus Bengal, the first great territorial possession of the Company, had its establishments early settled with some analogy to its income, and that country, as being the seat of Oovemment, the centre of the British interests in India, came to have a standard of public allowances which could not be exactly imitated at the other Presidencies under very different circumstances." 1 ** Although the addxess of the officers is not yet before ns in ar- authenticated form, we think it proper to take the present opportnn to make some observations upon the topics contained in it.** * On the 22nd March 1809 Goyemment informed the Commander-: Chief that no officer who had signed the memorial was to be appoint to the Staff until further orders. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARHT. 239 " The persons nomioated to Ciyil and Military employments CHAP. XX, have entered the services perfectly aware of these ineqnali- " ties, and are therefore not entitled to expect that they shonld be afterwards removed." " The Company have hence always resisted the idea of a general equalisation of allowances and emoluments of the different Presidencies as not founded on right ' or reason, or the nature of things. Supposing for a moment that such a principle could be admitted and enforced, the consequencCy in the present state of the finances of the Company, must be to reduce the few remaining distinctions of the Bengal Presidency to a level with those of Madras, and Bombay, as it would be utterly impossible to provide for the expense of raising the emoluments of the inferior Presidencies to a level with those of Bengal, extended, as this rise must be, to all the Civil as well as Military branches of the service, if once the principle of equalisation were adopted." " In all the Presidencies, however, the scale of allowances has been more than sufficient for oomfortable subsistence, and,, in the case of all the privates and non-commissioned officers of the army, the rates have been at all times very generally the same at all the Presidencies. The regimental allowances of both officers and men are very nearly the same at all the Presidencies, and, wherever mere comfortable subsistence is concerned, it has been the object of the public regulations, at all times to approximate as nearly to an equality of allow- ances as the. local circumstances of each Presidency have admitted." '* But staff, and other extra allowances rest upon a different foundation. They are gratuitous advantages conferred on individuals at the pleasure and discretion of Qovemment, and are calculated, not with regard to what other men receive who 1 As the eqnaliBation of pay and allowanoea had been xeoommended by Lord Comwallis, and sabseqnently both by the Commander-in-Chief ind the Government of Madras, it is not surprising that the contuined sxistenoe of the disparity should have been considered as a griora&oe — vide Volume II, pages 282, 286, 295, 296. 240 HISTORY OF THE MADBAS ABXT. CHAP. XX. Unfair distribatioii of oommands and staff appoint- ments, 1806-7. Command of the troops in Fort Saint George. Paymaster* ship of the Hyderabad subsidiary force* may perhaps perform similar services in other places, but in reference to the means of the governing power, and the view which it may take of the merits and services of the receiver." The second grievance specified above was really sub- stantial^ and although it had been animadverted upon by the Court of Directors on more than one occasion, no steps had been taken by the Madras Government to remove it. The undermentioned extracts from a letter of the Court, dated 12th June 1807, will show that the partiality complained of existed, at that time, to a very serious extent. After observing that the just pretensions of both ser- vices ought to be duly regarded, the Court proceeded to remark upon tbe objectionable manner in which the patronage of Government and of the Commander-in- Chief had, in several instances, been exercised. With respect to the special appointment of Lieutenant- Colonel Monypenny, H.M/s 73rd, to the command of the troops in Fort St. George, with a staff salary, they observed that, in conformity with the usual practice, the command devolved upon the senior officer at the Presi- dency, who was bound to perform the duties without any additional allowance, and for these reasons they directed the immediate discontinuance of the appointment. The nomination of Lieutenant Hall, H.M.'s 22nd dragoons, to be Paymaster to the Subsidiary Force at Hyderabad, called forth the following censure : — "The Subsidiary Force at Hyderabad consists of about 7,000 men, mostly native troops, and its annual expense amounts to several lacs of pagodas. The office of Paymaster to this corps must therefore be considered as of equal impor- tance with that of any of the fixed stations of the army, an in this view it should have been filled by a Civil Servant of th* higher ranks, in the same manner as the paymasterships ^ Mysore, Vellore, Trichinopoly and Vizagapatam." •N HISTOBT OF THB MADRAS ARMT. 241 They went on to say that the Governor, Lord William OHAF. XX. Bentinck^ in a minnte dated 3rd March 1805, had recom- mended that paymasterships should be held by Captains of not less than ten years' service, notwithstanding which he had appointed a Subaltern of H.M/s service, who had only been a few months in India, to be Paymaster of a large force, and they concluded by remarking that they had '' seldom met with an instance of so much inconsis- tency as is displayed in this appointment. We object to it, not only on this account, but also for the general ' reasons assigned above, and we direct that it be instantly annulled. No stronger proof can be adduced of the impropriety of the preference to which we have alluded, than the present inatance. The Subsidiary Force, being composed chiefly of native troops, naturally pointed out the Company's officers, who had been accustomed to serve with such troops, as most proper to fill the staff offices annexed to the detachment/' The appointment of Inspector and Exercising Officer Appointment of cavalry, which had been recently created and con- ofi^yairv/ f erred upon Lieutenant-Colonel Gillespie, H.M/8 19th dragoons, with considerable emoluments attached thereto, was ordered to be discontinued forthwith as unnecessary, and the Court observed that had such an office been really required, it Qught to have been given to one of the Company's old and experienced officers of cavalry, in preference to one who had only been a short time in India ; more especially as four-fifths of that branch of the army were natives. The Court then proceeded to remark that the com- DiWslpnai mands at Hyderabad and Poonah, of Mysore, and of Mala- ^^^g?" bar ; besides those of most of the regular garrisons, such as Vellore, Arcot, Poonamallee, and Seera, were enjoyed by officers of the Royal army ; and they concluded their despatch as follows : — VOL. in* 31 242 HISTO&T OF THB MADBAS ABMT. CHAP. XX. '^ Haying thna bronglit nnder your notice seyeral instances The Co~pt ^ which we conceive that an nn just preference has been shown of Directora to the King's officers at the expense of the Company's, and the unjuet particularly in situations where the superior local knowledge of preference the latter, and their acquaintance with the manners, customs, officers of the ^^^ prejudices of the natives, pointed them out as the fittest ^^al army, ^ |j^ employed ; we have only to repeat that while on the one hand we disclaim any intention of throwing any reflection on the character of the individuals so selected by you, and are ready to acknowledge to the fullest extent the meritorious services of His Majesty's forces in India, we feel it our boxm- den duty, on the other hand, to guard the interests of our own officers. Their claims upon our countenance and protection are strong, and indisputable, their exertions have been great, and their services zealous and faithful. Our interests must suffer materially from any want of harmony and cordiality between the two descriptions of officers, and we know of no circumstance more likely to produce that injurious effect than an undue preference of either. The exigencies of the public service may, unquestionably, justify occasional and temporary deviations from the principle we have laid down, but we are so fully persuaded that a fair adherence to it is so easy, and the path to be followed so plain and obvioujs, that we desire it to be distinctly and explicitly understood that we shall consider a different line of conduct on the part of any of our Governments or Commanders-in-Chief to be so highly excep- tionable, as to demand the strongest expression of our censure, and disapprobation." Abolition The discontinuance of the allowances from the Bazar allowances i^T^d was justified by the Court as being in strict con- B^'^^'tocl formity with the Articles of War, *' which prohibit the 1807. levy of duties by Military officers on any articles of con- sumption^ and is evidently founded on the most incon- trovertible principles of sound policy. It is not politic to give oflicers an interest in the amount of imposts levied on military markets, because it has an evident tondency to make the soldiers discontented with thoir officers^ by HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ABUT. 243 feeling themselves taxed for tHe benefit of those who • CHAP. XX. command them. It is farther to be observed that in India the amonnt of the collections in military bazars has always depended^ principally, on the extension of spirita- ous liquors to the troops/' Moreover^ the abolition of this allowance was not con- This abolition fined to Madras, but was carried out in the other Presi- ^"^ dencies also, and it affected the ofllcers of the Boyal army as well as those of the Company. The officers having pre-faced their memorial with com* UnreaBonabfo plaints of the length and severity of the service to be ^™^ *™ '* endured in a foreign land before becoming entitled to pension, and having spoken of their pay and allowances as being scarcely adequate to their subsistence, the Court very justly observed that no one entered their service, bat on their own application, and with fall knowledge of their probable prospects ; and they concluded their reply on that part of the subject with the following words : — " They snrely forget that the military allowances of the Reply of Company are higher than those of any military service in the world, although the necessaries of life are comparatively cheap in India ; that they attain the highest rank without purchase or expense ; and that the provision for retiring officers is snch as no other service has ever afforded, and snch as the finances of the Company are ever strained to support." Lieutenant-Oeneral Stuart, when Commander-in-Chief, Estabiisfa- devised a plan for the provision and conveyance of camp tent -contract, equipage, and regimental stores, with the object of avoid- ^®^- ing the serious losses which had been sustained by Qov- emment in consequence of the frequent capture of public cattle and tents during the wars with Hyder and Tippoo. This resulted in the issue of a regulation in 1802, which, in consideration of a certain monthly sum to be drawn by officers commanding regiments of cavalry, battalions of infantry, companies of artillery, and the 244 HISTOBT OF THE MADRAS ARKT. CHAP. XX. * corps of pioneers^ made it obligatory upon them to provide and maintain^ in constant readiness for the fields camp eqnipag^ and carriage for their respective corps on a scale laid down in the regulation, besides carriage for regimental stores, and hutting accommodation for the men when not encamped. The allowance in question was to meet all expenses for cover to the native troops in the field, in cantonment, or in garrison, in peace or war. This regulation came into operation shortly before the Mahratta War of 1808, and was found to answer remarkably well; but shortly after the peace in 1806, Government, in compliance with instructions from Eng- land, commenced to reduce the military expenditure^ and Sir John Gradock, at that time Commander-in-Chief, called upon Major Munro, the Quartermaster-General, for information regarding the working of the tent con- tract. That officer accordingly submitted a report, in which, for reasons assigned, the abolition of the contract was recommended, and the Commander-in-Chief, concur- ring, laid the report before Government in June 1807. The recommendation, having been duly considered, was approved, and, having received the sanction of the Supreme Government, the contract was ordered to be abolished from May 1808. This change was adverse to the interests of commanding officers, inasmuch as it was made during a time of peace, when the wear and tear of camp equipage being trifling, they expected to have had the opportunity of reimbursing themselves for the expenses incurred during the long and trying campaigns from 1808 until 1806, being debarred by the terms of their contract from soliciting any special compensation, although they did receive a gratuity of six months' batta in common with all other officers of the * army in the fiield, to whom it had been granted at the Abolition of the tent contraoti 1808. HISTORt OF THB MADRAS ARMY. 245 recommendation of Major-General Wellesley at the close CHAP. XZ. of the campaign of 1804. Nevertheless^ the new order was quietly carried oat withont remonstrance beyond that contained in the memorial mentioned above, and in a separate memorial signed by a number of officers in com- mand of corps, which was forwarded by the Commander* in-Chief on the 28th January 1809, but returned to him by Gx>vemment. In all probability the matter would then have been Charge dropped had it not been that the Quartermaster-General's ^^rmas- report, marked ** private and eonfiderdial" and which had t«r-Q«neraL been given by Sir George Barlow to Colonel Capper, the Adjutant-General, came, in some unauthorised,^ and unexplained manner, to be circulated to officers command- ing corps, who immediately took serious offence at one of the arguments used therein, viz., that the grant of the same allowances in peace and in war, placed the interests and duties of commanding officers at variance with each other. The result was that the following charge, signed by five commandants of cavalry, and twenty-three of infantry^ was preferred against Lieutenant-Colonel John Munro, Quartermaster-General of the Army, and Captain in the Madras European Regiment : — '* For baring • • • made use of false and infamous insinuations, thereby tending to injare our charac- ters SB officers, and otherwise injurious to our reputations as gentlemen." * It is difficult to avoid the conclosion that the Qnartermaster-GieDe- ral's report waa cironlated by some person or persons in office, with the intention of making mischief. It is stated in Kaje's Life of Sir John Malcolm, Vol. I, page 460; that the obnozions paragraphs were cironlated by Colonel Capper. No authority is given for this statement, and nothing tending to corroboraie it has been found in the records. Sach a proceeding on the part of Colonel Capper would have been a legitimate reason for his suspension, and wonld certainly have been mentbned by Sir George Barlow had he known of it. 246 HISTOBT OF THB MADRAS ARUT. CHAP. XX. This charge^ although dated on the 25th September Hia arrest, 1808, had been kept in abeyance until the 20th January 1809. 1809, on whioh day Lieutenant-Oolonel Munro was placed in arrest by order of Lientenant-Oeneral Hay Macdowall, the Commander-in-Chief, who, at the same time, informed the Colonel that he regretted 'Hhat this subject has not been sooner decided upon, but being desirous of obtaining every opinion, and a recent one of some importance having only been forwarded to me a few days ago, it was impos- sible to avoid delay/' It never became known what this opinion was, but it is not improbable that an occurrence which took place at Madras at this time may have had some influence on the decision of the Commander-in-Chief. Bxupicions Government having determined to employ Major thlT^axse' Blacker, then Deputy Quartermaster-General, on special duty in Travancore, acquainted the Commander-in-Chief with their intention on the 15th January. General Mac- dowall, in reply, requested that the subject might be reconsidered, because the selection of an officer from the general staff ought to have been left to his judgment, and he therefore recommended Captain Macdowall for the situation as being equal to Major Blacker in point of ability, while he was Superior to that officer in the knowledge of the people and country of Ti'avancore. On the 16th, Government wrote to the General declining to accept his nomination of Captain Macdowall, and, on the 20th, Lieutenant-Colonel Munro was placed under arrest, by which measure the employment of his Deputy in Tra- vancore was necessarily precluded. It is possible that the proposed employment of Major Blacker may have been unconnected with the arrest of Lieutenant- Colonel Munro, but the circumstances have a suspicious appearance, espe- cially when it is remembered that the charges had been shelved, and that no satisfactory reason was assigned for their sudden revival. HI8T0BT or THE HADBAS ARMY. 247 Colonel Munro appealed to Government through the CHAP. XX. Military Department, on the ground that his report had (Colonel been prepared by order of the late Commander-in-Chief, ^J*"^^ and was a confidential communication. General Macdowall haying refused to forward the appeal, the Colonel sent it in direct. Government, after having consulted their legal advisers,^ requested the Commander-in-Chief to re- lease Colonel Munro, and as he declined to do so without a positive order, Government, on the 27th January, did, through their Chief Secretary, direct that Colonel Munro should be released from arrest forthwith, which order was obeyed accordingly. The General, who, a few days General ii-i ji_*«j.j.«j. • J MacdowaU previously, had announced his intention to resign, and leaves who sailed from Madras to Negapatam on the 30th Janu- ^^^^^ ary on his voyage to England, was so much annoyed at having been overruled by Government, that he left, for publication to the army, an order dated the 28th idem, in which Colonel Munro was severely reprimanded for having appealed to the civil power, '' an act of disrespect for which he would have been brought to trial had General Macdowall remained in India.'' Government, on becoming acquainted with this order. His directed that it should be expunged from the public J^tio^^ed records ; but not contented with this, they anticipated the ^7 dismissal, expected receipt, from Negapatam, of the Commander-in- Chiefs official resignation, and publicly dismissed him, on the ground that the order of the 28th January contained ^ It was afterwards said that the officers who preferred the charge had, in oooseqaenoe of the opinion of the Judge Adyocate-General, requested io their separate memorial forwarded by the Commander-in- Chief on the 28th Jannaiy, that the prosecution of Colonel Munro might be postponed. General Macdowall was consequently censured for having continued the arrest. This censure, however, was undeserved, inas- much as it appears on record that a number of officers who had signed the charge had never seen the memorial in question. Amongst these were Lieutenant-Colonels the Honorable A. Sentleger, Sumley, and Martin, to whom the conduct of the prosecution had been entrusted. 248 HI8T0KT OF THE MADRAS ABHT. OHAP. XX. SoBpension of the Adjutant- General and his Deputy. Kajor Boleft deolines to apologise. Approval of the Supreme Goyemment. ^' insinaations grossly derogatory to the character of the G-ovemment, and sabversive of military discipline, and of the foundation of public authority.'^ Major Boles, Deputy Adjutant-General, who had signed the order in the absence of his principal, Lieut. -Colonel Capper, who had accompanied General Macdowall on board ship, was suspended from the service for having knowingly acted in direct violation of his duty to the Government, by giving currency to an order of so ofFen- sive a character. Colonel Capper,^ who, on his return, had immediately avowed himself to be responsible for the circulation of the order, was suspended on the Ist February. Major-General Gowdie of the Madras army, a respect- able, but by no means brilliant officer, who succeeded General Macdowall as the next senior, caused it to be inti- mated to Major Boles that provided he would express any adequate regret for his conduct, he should be restored to the service, and reinstated in his office. Major Boles having declined to make any acknowledgment tending to show that he had been in the wrong, his refusal was made the subject of a fresh complaint against him, but he was afterwards publicly exonerated by the Court of Directors from all blame on that account. The proceedings in the matter of the Commander-in- Chief, and his Stafif were reported to the Supreme Govern- ment on the 3rd February, and the memorial of the officers to the Court of Directors was forwarded " for the sentiments of His Lordship '' by the same opportunity. The Governor-General in Council, in their reply dated 20th February, expressed their entire approbation of the whole of the proceedings of the Madras Government, and ^ Colonel Capper and General Macdowall were both lost at sea in March 1809, when on the royage to England. HISTOBT OP THB M4DBAS ABHT. 249 condemned tlie conduct of Greneral MacdowalL They CHAP. XX. pronounced the memorial to be disrespectful in its tenor, and they approved of the resolution not to forward it The Supreme Government went on to encourage Sir George Barlow to ^' repress the spirit of insubordination which prevailed in some portions of the army of Fort St. George/' and assured him of their fullest support. Although the suspension of Major Boles was not specially mentioned in this letter, it must be presumed to have been included in the general approval. Nevertheless, it appears that Lord Minto heard of the Lord Minto'i suspension of Colonel Capper and Major Boles " with the o^^on of the greatest * possibl-e regret/* and that he foresaw the wwpenwons. consequences which would follow that ^^ most unfortunate and imipoUtic measure.^^ He abstained from reversing it, partly because he did not wish to " put Sir Oeorge in the wrong on any point/' and partly because he thoaght the suspension justifiable in a legal ' point of view. The astuteness evinced by Sir George Barlow in a passage in obtaining the unqualified support of the Supreme Gov- ^^» ^i^^ emment on an " ex parte " representation was further ^?'*^®' ^ Lord Minto in India, pages 209-211. * The weight of opinion, even at the tiiAe, was against the legality of the suspension. General Maitland, then Governor and Commander- in-Chief in Ceylon, vindicatM the coarse followed by the staff officers ; and several other officers of ezperienoe, and distinction, dwelt npon the impolicy of encouraging officers to debate npon the propriety of orders issued by their snperiors, or upon the relative powers of different Mtthorities. The Court of Directors, on hearing of the suspension, immediately ordered that it should be removed, but they rescinded this order on being led to believe that Major Boles had permitted himself to be made a rallying point for dangerous doctrines. However, on being disabused of this impression, they recorded their opmion in February 1811, to the effect that%hey '' covXd not discover any such inherenJb or ohvioua illegal* ity OB c(yuld justify the Adjutant or Deputy Aa^utam^t-Oeneral in reusing to obey the command they had received from Lieutenant-General Mac- dowali that the said order should be circulated to the army,** VOL. m. S2 250 HIBTORY or THK MADBAS ABMT. OELAP. XX. exemplified by his conduct towards Major Boles after his suspension. That officer, finding himself in difficulties in consequence of the loss of his allowances, applied for permission to go to England in the Sir Stephen Lushing' ton, the last ship of the season^ which was expected to sail from Madras about the end of February. This appli- cation was refused^ on the ground that the nature of the service upon which that vessel was about to be employed, rendered it improper that Major Boles should proceed by that opportunity. The &ict was, that Government, at the suggestion of Sir Oeorge Barlow, had determined to send the Chief Secretary, Mr. Buchan, to England by the Lushington ^' as possessing a correct knowledge of the course of the late events,'' in other words, that he might gain the ear of the Court of Directors, an object which might not have been accomplished, had Major Boles arrived in England at the same time. iHflapproval The Court afterwards expressed their disapprobation 4rf DirM^m. ^^ *^® manner in which Major Boles had been treated. " You do not assign any special cause except the nature of the service on which that ship was to be employed. We are not aware however that there could have been any objection to his being allowed to take his passage in the Luahvngtonf and we think this refusal imposed upon him an unnecessary hardship." DiBcontent of It seems desirable that the circumstances, which caused mwid^in- *^® dissatisfaction of the Commander-in-Chief, and led to Chief. ]xig glial differences with Government, should be described in this place, as they were not without influence on the events which followed. Lieutenant-GeneralHay Macdowall, whohadbeenonthe staff of the Madras Establishment since 1804, succeeded Sir John Cradock in September 1807. Up to that time, a seat in Council, with a handsome additional aUowance attached thereto, had, almosfc always, beep held by the •' RI8T0BT Of TBI MADEAB ABMY. 251 Commander-in-Chief; but upon this ocoasion the Court of CHAP. XX. Directors thought fit to depart from the usual practice, and they nominated a civilian to fill the vacant office ; not from any personal objection to General Macdowall, but because they had resolved that in future the Commander- in-Chief should not be a member of Government, a resolution which they aEfcerwards found it expedient to rescind. The General naturally felt aggrieved by his un- expected exclusion from, a situation of dignity and emolnmentf and this feeling seems to have led him to sympathize with the several complaints of the officers more fully than might otherwise have been the case. This sympathy, however, was not expressed in any objectionable form until about the end of 1808, when disturbances broke out in the province of Travancore» and a plan of operations was determined upon by Govern- ment without consulting ^ the Commander-in-Chief, who becam'e so much irritated in consequence, that he appears to have placed little restraint upon his words or actions from that time^ and he showed his resentment in a manner which could scarcely iaSL to produce a bad effect upon the discipline of the army. In a speech made to the Madras European Begiment on inflamma- the occasion of inspecting it at Masulipatam on the 24th ^''sai^ef^ December 1808, he observed that the regiment had been Begunent, overlooked and neglected by haying been stationed in a remote part of the country where it had no opportunity of being exercised with other troops ; notwithstanding ^ Qeneral ICaodow&ll having oompkuned of this in ^ letfcer to Goyem- ment dated 19th Jannary 1809, a reply was made on the 28rd idem in which it is oet forth that the Commander-in-Chief- had been at a oondd- erable distance from the Presidency when the discnssion of the plan of a campaign commenced, bn t that His Excellency had been f amiBhed with copies of all material papers connected with the subject from time to time, and with the least possible delay. No rejoinder to this explana- tion has been found. 252 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XX. Farewell Order, 1809. Order oeiunir- ing Colonel Munro. Sxoitement in the army. which disadvantage he had foandit to be in a high state of discipline. He then proceeded as follows : — " I know that this state of inactivity most be painfal to the feelings of honourable gentlemen and officers, and painfal to the feelings of brave soldiers — indeed I am at a loss to know the reason for this neglect." The General^e fareweU order to the army dated 25th January 1809, was also objectionable as containing a passage tending to convey the idea that his ezclnsion from Council ' had been the means of preventing him from ejBSciently advocating the interest^ of the officers. ^'Had Lieutenant-Oeneral Macdowall succeeded to the high and enviable office with all the advantages enjoyed by his predecessors, he would, upon first assuming the command^ have promulgated his sentiments on so flattering an event ; but the circumstauces of his appointment were so humilia- ting and unpropitious that he declined addressing the army, in the anxious hope that the Court of Directors, might, on further deliberation, be induced to restore him to his rights, and by altering the new and extraordinary form of Oovem» ment, have enabled him to exercise the Amotions of his station as the Representative of the Army, with honor to the service^ and with credit to himself — ^no prospect of suoh an ocourrenoe appearing at all probable ; in justice to the army, and to his character, he has determined to retire." This was followed by the order of the 28th January mentioned above, in which Colonel Monro was repri- manded for having appealed to tine GovemHient against his arrest^ and in which the Govemm^ut w^^ censured by implication. The summary punishment of Colonel Capper tfnd Major Boles created great excitement and disgust throughout > Lord Minto in ftdverting to a letter «f Odneribl Maodowall dated Igt May iSOS, obeerred that it manifested ** the deUberate intention ai the General to make the army an instrument of oppoeition and difltnrb- anoe." lietter to the Secret Committee, 5th Febmary ISIO. BISTOBT OF THE MADRAS ABUT. 258 the army. It was maintained that the illegality of the OHAP. XX* order of the 28th January was by no means evident^ in which case alone^ could these officers have been justified in refusing to issue it. It was also thought that they had the same claim to immunity as had been accorded to Colonel Munro, and they were consequently regarded as the victims of an unjust and vindictive resentment. Colonel Capper had left India immediately after his sus- pension^ but Major Boles received addresses from sever- Address to al quarters in which he was apprised of the intention of ^^^^^ ^'"*- his brother officers to organise a fund for his support. Had they confined themselves to this intimation little exception could have been taken^ but they denounced the punishment as *^ severe and unmerited^^' and ended by saying that ''such mutual support must be expected and accepted by all, who, like yourself , have^ or may, suffer through any such exceptionable measures on the part of the Civil Government of Fort St. George, as have rendered necessary the painful step we have now Jtaken.^' Early in February a memorial was secretly prepared Pr(q>osfd for transmission to the Supreme Government, o£ which SengaL the following is an abstract. After complaining of the exclusion ^ of the Commander-in-Chief from Council, the release of Colonel Munro, and the suspension of Colonel ^ The phrase " Beprea^ntaUve of the Army" used with reference to the Commander-in-Chief, was derided by the Goremor-Gkmeral, and by the Court of Directors ; and many paragraphs were written to prove it absurd and inapplicable. It was justly remarked that the subject was beyond tiie proTinoe of the officers, but the other criticisms were more specious than sound, for it seems certain that matters oonneoted with the well being and comfort of the army are likely to be more fully and intelligently dealt with when the Commander-in-Chief possesses a seat in Council, than when that body is composed excludTcly of Civilians* Moreover it is manifest from the subsequent action of the Court that ihej were sensible of the error which had been committed when they appointed a successor to Sir Jdhn Cradock without nomi- nating him to be a Member of the Goyemment. 254 HISTOBT OF THl MADRAS ABKT. CHAP. XX. Memorial abandoned. Sir George Barlow prepares to punish all oonoemed in the pre- paration of the memorial and address. Capper and Major Boles^ the memorialistB observed that the general discontent produced by local and partial injuries had been falsely represented as public disaffec- tion, and they concluded by observing that they " could not suppress the expression of their concern at the manner in which the exclusive rights of the army have recently been violated, and of their sang^ne hope and earnest entreaty that the Supreme Government may, in its wisdom, be induced to appease their just claims, and to anticipate the extreme crisis of their agitation by releasing them from a ruler^ whose measures, guided by the councils of their implacable enemies, are equally detrimental to ' the interests of the 8tat«, as they are repulsive to the feelings of a loyal and patriotic army.'' The circulation of this memorial was almost entirely con- fined to the officer^ in'Travancore, and in the Southern Division, and the intention of forwarding it was aban- doned about the itniddle of March, when the general indig- nation had begun to subside. Shortly afterwards, a copy of this document was re- ceived by Sir George Barlow through a private channel which he declined to reveal, and although perfectly aware ^ that all idea of transmitting it to Bengal had been given up, he nevertheless prepared to punish all those concerned in signing and promoting the circulation of the paper as soon as he could discover them. About the ^ *' As I had reason to belieFe that the apirit <^f d4$affeet%oM was not gaining grppoBition to Government, an attitude from which, at several stations, viz., Hyderabad, Jaulna, MasulipatKm, SamulcottfiA, EUore, Chicacole, Ghittledroog, and Sering- apatam, they speedily passed into actual mutiny. Events at Htdbrabad. The order having contained favorable notice of the con- duct of the force at Hyderabad,^ the officers repudiated the compliment, and issued an address to the army on the 18th, in which they condemned the action of Govomment, and announced their resolution to contribute towards the support of the suspended officers, as well as to join in any legal measures calculated to remove the cause of the existing discontent. This was followed by a letter to the Governor in Council, forwarded on the 23rd June, and bearing the signatures of 158 officers, including those of the brigades * at Jaulna. In this letter it was asserted ^ Colonel T. G. Montresor, H.M.'s 82nd dragoons, Oommanding. H.M'b 83rd regiment, 6 oompMiies Madras artiUeiy, Ist regiment cayaliy ; 2iid battalion 5th, 2nd battalion lOtli, lat battalion iGth, 2xid battaHon 2lBt, and detachment pioneers. ' Lienteuant-Golonel John Doreton, Madras catnlry, Commanding. 4th and 8th regiments cavalry j 1st battalion 10th, 1st battalion ISth^ 2nd battalion I7th. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. 257 that with the exception of a few individaals holding CHAP. XX. confidential staff situations^ or otherwise dependent upon the favor of Government^ the whole body of officers con« sidered themselves pledged to support each other for the purpose of obtaining redress^ and that unless the order of the 1st May were rescinded, they had strong reason to fear the most disastrous consequences. The letter con- cluded by promising that if the suspended officers were restored, the army would patiently await the decision of the Court of Directors. About this time a Committee of Officers was formed Committee for the purpose of conducting correspondence, and con- certing ulterior measures, an example which was followed at most other stations. On the 17th July the 2nd battalion 10th regiment was The Commit- warned to prepare to march to Goa in conformity with ^^^t^' ^ orders from Head Quarters, but on the next day Colonel ^^^ "^8*- Montresor received a letter from the Committee to the maroh. * effect that although the officers of the force were ready to obey him in all matters connected with ordinary duties, they could not permit the 2nd battalion 10 th to leave Hyderabad. On the 21st of the same month the officers presented a uittmatnm to document, styled their '' ultimatum'^ to Colonel Montresor GovernmentT in which their demands were set forth in the following order : — 1. The repeal of the order of the Ist May. 2. The restoration of every officer who had been suspended or removed. 3. The trial of Lieut euant- Colonel lones at Masulipatam. 4. The removal from office of every officer of the General Staff supposed to have iuffaenced Government in their several recent measures. 5. A general amnesty, VOL. III. 33 238 HISTOBT OF THS MADRAS ARKT. CHAP. XX. Declaration or test. This paper was signed by every officer in the force, except those on the staff. Towards the end of July, Government, with the view of ascertaining the exact state of feeling in the army, resolved that all the Enropean officers in the Company's service should be called upon to sign the following decla- ration : — " We, the undersigned officers of the Honorable Company's Service, do, in the most solemn manner, declare upon our word of honor as British Officers, that we will obey the orders, and support the authority of the Governor in Council of Fort St. George, agreeably to the tenor of the Commissions which we hold from that Government/' Such officers as might decline ^ to comply were to be removed from doing duty with the troops, and to proceed to any station on the sea coast, between Sadras, and Negapatam that they might select, there to reside, and draw their ordinary allowances, until the state of affidrs should admit of their being re-employed. Colonel Close A copy of this declaration was sent to Colonel Barry ^mi^^ Close, Resident at Poonah, who had, on the 14th July, Hyderabad, been appointed to command at Hyderabad, in the hope that his eminent talents, and great influence with the army, might enable him to bring the officers to a sense of their duty, and to restore order in the force. The Colonel, on approaching Hyderabad, received a letter from the officers desiring him to halt at the last stage as his services were not required. Notwithstand- ing this, he continued his march, and arrived at the Residency on the 3rd August, when, after a consultation with Colonel Montresor, he determined, at all hazards, to attempt to place himself at the head of the troops. He entered the cantonment accordingly, and was met by the ' The deolaration was only signed hj about 150 offioers oat of 1,800- BISTORT OF THE MADBAS ABUT. 259 two Senior Officers, Major Neale of the 1st cavalry^ and CHAP. XX. Major Deacon Ist battalion 16th regiment. Colonel Close used every argument to persuade these He addresses officers to retom to their dnty^ and arged them either to withoot^y sign the declaration, or to withdraw from the performance *E^*f®*^* effect* of military duty, bnt^ although deeply affected, they declined to accept either alternative. The Colonel, upon this, declared that he felt himself at liberty to communi- cate directly with every native soldier in the cantonment^ and he advanced with that intention towards the troops which had turned out, and were forming on the general parade under their officers. He first addressed the cavalry, but without e£Eect^ after which he rode up to the 16th regiment and spoke to the men^ but with the same result. Finding his attempts unsuccessful, and the men having begun to load. Colonel Close left the parade, and going to the quarters of Colonel Montresor, he relin- quished the command^ as the object of his appointment had been defeated. The next day he received the following communica- tion : — " Sir, The officers of the Hyderabad force having considered He is ordered your conduct yesterday in the execution of the orders of *? ^'"^ *^® Government as highly prejudicial to that confidence which subsists betweeo the sepoys and their officers, and subversive of the discipline they are anxious to maintain ; they do declare that your presence in the vicinity of this cantonment after such conduct, must be dispensed with, and they hereby direct you to leave the place in the course of this day, lest moro unpleasant decisive measures should be neoessaiy." The fact was that the Colonel's arguments had pro- Sabmisdon of duced a much stronger impression^ both upon officers and ^ ^^"^ men^ than had been supposed^ and they contributed materially towards the sudden, and unexpected return to obedience which took place a few days later. On the 260 HI8T0RT OF THE XADBAS ARKT. CHAP. XX. 8th August the Committee of Officers wrote to Colonel Montresor^ and after having expressed their respect for his character and conduct^ they proceeded to say that the recent treatment by Government of the officers at the Mount ^ and elsewhere, rendered it necessary to adopt measures of precaution which might cause him uneasi- ness, and they therefore suggested to him the propriety of giving up the command of the Company's troops, which they, the Committee, proposed to withdraw from the cantonment, and to encamp in the neighbourhood. The Colonel, in reply, addressed himself to Major Neale as the senior officer, and one whose influence had fre- quently been exerted in the cause of order. He pointed out the fatal conseqences of the contem- plated movement, and earnestly warned him and his brother officers, of the disgrace and ruin by which any further perseverance in their present course, must inevi- tably be followed. This remonstrance, following the address of Colonel Close, and the recently acquired knowledge of the intention of the Oovemor-General to proceed to Madras, had the desired effect, and the officers tendered their submission three days later, in the follow- ing terms. AddreBi to Lord Mintow " To the Bight Honorable Lord Minto/' " Governor-General.'* ** My Lord, We, the undersigned officers of the Honorable Company's Army attached to the Hyderabad Subsidiary Force, are folly impressed with a sense of the dangers that threaten the country, and not less actuated by those firm sentiments ^ It was said that the oflSoers in oamp at the Little Mount were oiFered the test at Colonel Hare's hoose at the Madras end of the Harmalong bridge, and that on their refusal, they were plaoed nnder a guard, and sent off to the Coast without being allowed to reyisit tlie oamp. HISTORY OF THE MAPBAS ABKT. 261 of loyalty and patriotism from which we have never departed, CHAP. XX. beg leav^e to assure your Lordship that we chiefly attribute the want of success that attended Colonel Close's mission, to the sudden and unexpected manner in which he presented the test that was proposed for our sigputtures. Belying, however, as we are now disposed to do, upon the justice, clemency, and wisdom of your Lordship, we do not hesitate in avowing our determination to abide by your Lordship's decision ; and as a proof of the sincerity of our principles, have subscribed to the test which now accompanies this address, at the same time trusting to your Lordship's generosity in granting a general amnesty to us, and all those who have engaged in the late unhappy events." '' Hyderabad, 11th August 1809," The Jaalna brigades inarched for Hyderabad on or Sabmissionof about the 13th August^ under Lieutenant-Colonel Doveton^ Jaoinar^" * in compliance with a requisition from that place^ and had reached Partoor^ distant 30 miles from Jaulna^ when they received intelligence of the submission at Hyderabad, upon which they immediately retnmed into cantonment, and the officers signed the declaration a few days after- wards. EVINTS IK THS NORTHSRN DIVISION. The garrison of Masulipatam, at this time, consisted Mamlipataxii. of the first division ^ Madras European Begiment, the 1st battalion 19th regiment under Major Btorey, and a de- tachment of artillery. On the 7th May Lieutenant-Colo- nel Innes, who had been recently appointed to command the European Regiment, arrived at Masniipatam, and he dined at mess that evening, seyeral strangers being present as guests. After dinner Lieutenant D. Forbes, seconded by Lieutenant and Quartermaster Maitland, ^ The regiment at thia time consisted of two divisions of six com. panies each. 262 HISTOST OF THI MADRAS ARXT. CHAP. XX. proposed the '' Friends of the Army " as a toast. This having been preceded by strictures on the recent orders of Qoyemment, and bj remarks in commendation of the attitude of the officers at Hyderabad, Colonel Innes, who, before leaving Madras, had been warned that the officers were not favorably ^ disposed towards the Qovernment, objected to the form of the toast, and reqnested that '' The Madras Army *' might be substituted. This amendment not having been agreed to, the Colonel left the room, immediately after which the toast first proposed was drank with three cheers. The next day Colonel Innes reported the occurrence demi-officially to Head Quarters particularly requesting that no public notice might be taken of the matter until such time as he might find it necessary to bring it forward officially, failing the tender of any sufficient apology from the officers named above. Notwithstanding this request, an order, dated 17th May, was received at Masulipatam on the 22nd, directing the removal of Lieutenant Maitland from the Quarter- mastership, and detaching Lieutenant Forbes to the unhealthy outpost at Condapilly, distant 54 miles from Masulipatam* and at which there was not a single man of the European Regiment. Colonel Innes was at the same time directed to inform the officers that a repetition of the irregularity would involve " the severest penalty to which such insubordinate proceedings were liable." Mntfaij of the The excitement caused by the publication of this order was further increased by a requisition of an unusual character. It so happened that an urgent application for European troops to serve as Marines had been made to ^ Tbe difloipline of the xegiment bad been relaxed since 1806, and ibe officers bad recently been irritated by tbe supposed intentional neglect of QoTemment, wbiob bad been dwelt on by Qeneral Maodowall at his inspection in December. | garrison. HISTOBT OV THS MADRAS ABMY. 263 tilie Madras Goyernment by the Naval Commander-in- CHAP. XX. Chief, and as the employment of H.M. regiments in sach a manner had recently been forbidden except in cases of emergency. Government directed that three officers and one handred men of the Madras European Regiment should be warned to be in readiness for embarkation on board H. M. Ships of war, for that duty. The officers, for several reasons, determined to disobey this order. By that time they had made common cause with the officers at Hyderabad, and were opposed to any measure by which the strength of the regiment would be diminished. More- over, the service was disagreeable in itself, and the legality of the order questionable. Advantage was therefore taken of certain expressions which had been used by Colonel Innes, and it was represented to the men that the pro- posed embarkation was the first step towards disbanding the regiment, a representation which appears to have obtained immediate credence, and to have been followed by the promise of support. On the arrival of the frigates, which took place on the 1st June, the officers waited upon Colonel Innes, and requested him to countermand the order for embarkation, pending a reference to Madras. This the Colonel refused to do, upon which the officers placed him in confinement under European sentries. The command of the garrison was then assumed by Major Storey, and that of the European Regiment by Captain Andrews. Grovemment, on becoming acquainted with these Colonel Mai- occurrences, appointed Lieutenant-CoIonelJohn Malcolm ^tomm^ to the command of the European Regiment, and of the °^a'>^* garrison at Masulipatam. He was also nominated President of a Committee to be assembled at that place for the propose of enquiry, and report. The other members were Lieutenant-Colonel Berkeley commanding the 2nd battalion 4th regiment at 264 HISTOBT OF THC MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XX Berhampore^ and Major Evans Superintendent of the Stad at Gbnjam^ but as both of these officers were prevented by illness from proceeding to Masulipatam the performance of the duty devolved upon Colonel Maloolm alone. He arrived on the 4th July^ and found everything in the hands of a committee composed of violent young men : the authority of Major Storey being little more than nominal. This committee was in correspondence with almost every station in the Presidency, and had received the strongest assurances of support from Hyderabad, towards which place, the garrison, together with the native battalions at EUore and Samulcottah were preparing to march. After a discussion which lasted for several hours, the officers consented to acknowledge Colonel Malcolm's authority, and to submit to an enquiry into their conduct. On the next day the Colonel reported that after having perused certain papers shown to him by the officers of the garrison, he was satisfied that there was not a single corps in the Company's army from Cape Comorin to Ganjam which was not pledged to rise against Govern- ment, and that no commanding officer had any real control over his regiment or battalion. In these circumstances he advised the Government to give way, and he went the length of drafting a resolution for their adoption, in which they engaged to recommend to the Court of Directors the restoration of the officers whose suspension had been reported to that body ; to re- appoint, of their own authority, Colonels Bell and Chal- mers to the commands of which they had been deprived, and to grant a general amnesty. Neither the matter nor the manner of this communication was likely to be at all acceptable to the Government, who could not have yielded at such a crisis without inflicting a fatal blow on their own authority, and on the future discipline of the army. Colonel Malcolm was therefore informed that, after the Colonel Mal- colm adyiaes Government to cancel the order of the l8t May. HI8T0BY OF THB MADRAS ARMT. 265 most mature consideration^ Sir Oeorge Barlow could nofc CHAP. XX. " satisfy his mind of the policy of the course of mea- r^^^ Oovem- sures " which had been recommended. ^^^^ decline. The Colonel was at the same time authorized to grant. Colonel at his discretion, a pardon to the non-commissioned ojfi- emi^eredto cers, and privates of the European Regiment, and to all ?f^^'^^** the native ranks of the 1st battalion 19th, for any part they might have taken in the recent insubordinate proceed- ings. He.was also informed that it was presumed he had already explained the causes which had led to the requisi- tion for men to serve as marines, and that there never had been any intention ^ to break up the European Regiment, and place the officers on half pay, or to impose any mark of disgrace or disapprobation whatever on the corps. Colonel Malcolm, who had not considered it pmident to Bat refrains attempt any direct communication with the men, for fear "* - of " irritating the officers^ and driving thein to despair/' took the opportunity of a punishment parade on the 14th July to address them, and he there stated that there never had been any intention to disband, or to disperse the regiment ; but he refrained from any mention of the prof- fered pardon, for the same reason which had deterred him from communicating with them before. ^ Notwithstanding this disavowal, there is evidence to show, that whether with, or withoat dne aathority, threats were made use of whioh were indicative of an intention to disband the regiment. Colonel Innes, when urging Lieutenant Spankie to accept the vacant Quarter- mastership told him that *' on the conduct of the officers of the rogi. ment much depended on this occasion, for if thej persevered in the un- warrantable course thej were pursuing, the regiment would be reduced, and all the officers, not on the staff, put upon the half pay of their rank." Lieutenant-Colonel Innes, to Lieutenant-Colonel Malcolm, 20th July 1809. A note written to Lieutenant Spankie by Colonel Innes about the same time concludes as follows, " it is absolutely proper and necessary that you should accede to the General's wishes to save a whole regiment^ think of this." VOL. HI. 34 266 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XX. Returns to Madras. His oondact disapproyed of. General Pater offers a pardon to the men. Sobmission of the offioera. On tbe 17th July he wrote to Madras for permission to return to that place for the purpose of conferring per- sonally with Sir George Barlow. He left Masnlipatam accordingly a few days afterwards and arrived at Madras on the 26th July. The coarse he had pursued was not approved by Gov- ernment, who, in their report to the Court of Directors, dated 6th September, remarked that '^ to this apparently unreasonable forbearance/ and attention to the feelings of officers who had, by their acts of violence and aggres- sion, forfeited all claims to such consideration, may, we conceive, be ascribed. Lieutenant- Colonel Malcolm's failure in the establishment of any efficient control over the garrison.'* A copy of the declaration of the 26th July was received in due course by Major-General Pater commanding the Northern Division, who had arrived at Masnlipatam shortly after the departure of Colonel Malcolm, but who did not deem it expedient to produce it for signature until the 9th August, when he ordered a general parade of the troops, at which he offered a pardon to the garrison, the European officers excepted, on condition that they would return to their duty to the State ; but the offer was rejected because of the exclusion of the officers. On the 15th of the same month intelligence of the cubmission at Hyderabad reached Masnlipatam, and on the next day the officers consented to sign the declar- ation. This sudden change alarmed the men of the European Regiment, who immediaiely began to suspect their officers of a design to abandon them to punishment ; ^ The oonoiliatory policy of Colonel Malcolm was defended hy himself and others. Colonel Barry Close, then the most able and experienced* cfSieer in the service, was of an opposite opinion, and in favor of coercive moasiuvs, un opinion which seems jasti&ed by the event. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY, 267 and under the influence of that feeling they tamed out, CHAP. XX. and threatened to shoot any officer who should sign the vioiJ^ test. conduct of the men of The General) not knowing to what extremities the men the Earopean might not proceed^ was induced to promise, in the name ^^'^^'^ of Goyemment, a general pardon both to officers and men, which pacified the latter for the moment, but they continued to suspect the existence of some treachery, and a violent disagreement ensued^ a number of the men in- sisting upon marching to Madras with their officers, there to state their grievances.^ At last Lieutenant Scott, one of the General Staff, took it upon himself^ with the view of allaying the tumult, to* order the whole regiment to march, and it quitted the fort accordingly about 4 P.M. on the 17th. It was intended that the native batta- lion should follow, but the Europeans, finding, after having gone some little distance, that they and their officers were unprovided with the necessary requisites for a march, returned to the fort the next day with the exception of 4 Serjeants and 160 rank and file, who, with 5 officers chosen by themselves, proceeded towards Madras, accom- panied by 12 artillerymen, and a Jemadar^s pai*ty of the 1st battalion 19th regiment. Subordination was restored in the garrison immedi- Order ately after the departure of the detachment, and the '^^®^^- whole of the officers signed the declaration, an example which was followed by the rest of the officers in the Northern Division. ^ A great number of the men had enlisted for unlimited service, and were discontented beoantfe they had not been admitted to the benefit of an Aot| sabseqnentljr passed, which aUowed of limited service, and under the provisions of which many of their younger comrades had enlisted. Another cause of complaint was the long detention of the regiment at Masulipatam, viz., from 1800 with the exception of an interval during 1803, when it was sent to Cuttack un service. 268 HISTORT or THK MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XX. Mntinj at Samnl- oottah. Samulcottah. On tlie 12th Augast> the 1st battalion 11th regiment stationed at Samulcottah^ marched oat of cantonment against the orders of Lieutenant-Colonel Simons the Commanding Officer. Captain James Patterson then took charge of the battalion, and detached two companies to Cocanada, distant about ten miles, with orders to take possession of the treasure at that place. The sum of Bs. 3,42,539 was seized accordingly, and conveyed to Samulcottah, from which the battalion marched the fol- lowing day for Masulipatam. It arrived at Rajahmundry on the 17th, when Captain Patterson took possession of the Post Office, and ordered that all the mails should be delivered to him. The next day he crossed the Godavery, having first called in the detachment of the battalion doing duty at the station. On the arrival of the battalion at Covoor on the 20th^ it was met by an express from Masulipatam with the intelligence of the submission of the officers at that place, in consequence of which Captain Patterson retraced his steps^ and returned to Samulcottah, where he arrived on the 25th^ having previously restored the treasure. Lieutenant-Colonel Simons resumed command^ and the officers signed the declaration. Mntinj at Ellore. Ellore. Lieutenant-Colonel Fletcher^ commanding the 1st battalion 24th regiment at Ellore, being aware of the dis* affection of his officers^ had formed a plan to place them under restraint in the event of their refusing to sign the test, but this design having been divulged by the Native Adjutant, the Colonel was seized on the 5th August^ and placed in confinement. However, he was allowed to leave the cantonment the same evening, and to go to HISTOBY OF. THE MADRAS ABUT. 269 Madras. The command of the battalion was assumed CHAP. XX. by Captain Sadler^ who retained it until the submission of ' the officers at Masulipatam^ when he was superseded by Major Hazlewood of the same battalion. The officers signed the declaration on or about the I9th August. Chicacole. The head-quarters of the 1st battalion 21st regiment^ Mntinyat under Captain George Wahab, took possession of the trea- *^**^ ^ sure at Chicacole about the 15th August^ and marched for Masulipatam^ being joined en route by a detachment of the same battalion under Captain Fair, who had seized the treasure at Vizagapatam to the amount of Bs. 5^50^000. Captain Wahab had arrived within two marches of Samul- cottah on the 2ith when he was met by a messenger from Masulipatam, upon which he returned to his station. The treasure was restored. Berhampore. Lieutenant-Colonel W. Berkely, commanding the 2nd Battalion at battalion 4th regiment at Berhampore^ on hearing of the march of the battalion from Chicacole^ sent a detachment for the protection of that place. The officers of the 2nd of the 4th do not appear to have been implicated in the mutiny. The pardon granted by G-eneral Pater to the garrison Goyernment of Masulipatam^ and subsequently to the officers at EUore, par^^ Samulcottah^ and Chicacole, was not recognised by Gov- g™-*^*®^ ^J emment, who sent orders directing the march of the Pater, undermentioned corps to Madras, viz., the European Begiment, the Ist battalion 19th, and the 1st battalion 24th regiment, all of which movements commenced early in September. 270 HISTORY OF TH8 MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XX. Affairs at Serinoapatav. Btateofthe Lieutenant- Colonel Davis^ H.M/s 22nd dragoons, gamBoii. Commanding the Mysore Division, the Head-quarters of which were at Bangalore, happened to be at Mysore on the 24th July when he received a letter from Lieutenant- Colonel John Bell of the artillery then in command at Beringapatam, requesting that certain recent orders for the march of a company of artillery, and the second battalion 19th regiment, might be countermanded on account of the severity of the duty which their removal would throw upon the remaining company of artillery, and the 2nd battalion 15th regiment, which corps, to- gether with two companies H.M/s 80th foot, composed the garrison, lliis request was accompanied by letters from the officers expressing their alarm in consequence of the prevalence of a report to the effect that it was in con- templation to separate the native corps, and to seize the Earopean officers. It was well known, however, that the officers of the garrison were in communication with those at Hyderabad and at Masulipatam, and pledged to support them, hence their principal objection to reduce the strength. Colonel Davis Colonel Davis, being without the means of enforcing officers compliance with his orders, consented to their postpone- effect^^ ment pending a reference to Head-quarters, and on the 29th he entered the fort with the view of using his personal influence with the officers. On the morning of the 30th he called them together, and after having addressed them without effect, he was told that he must not only remain in the fort, but that he must not quit his house. However, they changed their minds during the day, and allowed him to return to Mysore the same evening. HISTOBT OF THE MADRAS ARHT< 271 The public treaanre was seized, under the immediate CHAP. XX. direction of Captain Cadell the Town Major, on the same geisuTof day. txeaBiire. On the Slst Colonel Davis sent the declaration of Thedeolara- fidelity to the fort with instructions to Colonel Bell the Fort for I desiring that it might be tendered to the oflScers for ogna*'"®* signature, and that in event of refusal he should use his endeavours to prevail upon them to abstain from the further exercise of their military functions. The envelope and letter were returned along with the note given below, the copy of the declaration having been abstracted, and retained. " Seringapatam., Slst July 1809." *' My dear Colonel. You must be perfectly aware of the state of the garrison which I reported to you long since, and it is at the peril of my freedom, to open any public coomiuni- I cations." (Signed) J. BELL. I On the 2nd August the sum of Rupees 1,40,000 on the Farther way from the Ceded Districts, was seized by a party sent txeMure. from the fort for that purpose. On the 3rd August the detachment of H.M/s 80th regi- The detach- ment was sent out of the fort with instructions to march goth sent oat to Bangalore. It was duly provided with camp equipage, ^ ^^^ ^^^' and sick carriage, and the garrison went through the form of presenting arms as it left. These companies proceeded along the Bangalore road for some marches, and then changing their route they joined Colonel Davis at Mysore on the 7th August. The declaration was signed by Colonel Bell on the Colonel Bell 3rd August, upon which he was invited by Colonel test. Davis, and the Resident, to abandon the mutineers and come to them at Mysore, but he declined, and announced 272 filBTOKY or TOS MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XX. The other officers refuse. Bef Deal of the Btaif Officers. Escort of the Beeident. Investment of the fort. his intention to remain in tlie fort as long as he could be of any service. With the exception of Colonel Bell, the whole of the officers refused to sign the declaration for the reasons given in the following resolution which was subscribed to by the officers of artillery, and those of the native battalions. ** The moment the grievances of the army are redressed, we, the undersigned officers, will, with the greatest satisfaction, sig^ the proffered declaration of Government under date the 26th July 1809, but as the intention (at present) of that obligation is evidently to bind us down to shed the blood of our own brother soldiers, we most decline affixing our names thereto." The staff officers, viz., Captain De Havilland of the Engineers, Captain Cadell, Town Major, and three others, recorded their dissent in the following terms : — " We never can pledge ourselves to obey the orders of Bir George Barlow and his advisers, which so clearly tend to the total destruction of the British Empire in India. In this declaration we are actuated alone by principles of regard for the public safety, and the welfare of the State." The European officers of the detachment doing duty at Mysore as the Resident's escort, and who belonged to the 2nd of the 15th, resigned their militaiy functions rather than sign the test, but the native officers and men remained steady. Government, on the 5th August, sent orders for the investment of the fort, and on the 10th, a detachment from Bangalore, consisting of two squadrons H.M.'s 25th dragoons, three companies H.M/s 59th regiment, the 5th regiment cavalry, and the 1st battalion 3rd regiment, with a party of artillery, all under Lieutenant-Colonel Gibbs H.M/s 59th, arrived, and encamped about three miles from the fort. HI8T0RT 09 THB MADBA8 ABUT. 273 About this time^ Colonel Bell^ when called upon to chap. XX; surrender, wrote several letters of an extraordinary Bxtraordi- character to Colonel Davis, and to Ooyemment. He n«T«>"dnot of Colonel complained of neglect^ of his not haying been made Bell, acquainted with the real objects which the Govemment had in view, and feigned to believe that an attack on the fort was contemplated by the troops of the Mysore Bajah, for which reason he declared that he could not give it up without the special order of the Qt)vemor General. Although the fort was amply supplied with artillery^ The let of and military stores of all kinds, the garrison was scarcely igt of the'^ equal to the defence of so extensive a place, and the 15 tain. false representations, and the latter treacherously kept their advancing comrades in ignorance of the arrival of the troops from Bangalore. Indeed, had it not been for the receipt of a pressing requisition from the fort, it may be assumed, as nearly certain, that the lamentable conflict would never have taken place. It appears from a report to Government from the Resident, dated 14th August, that a few hours before the action, Captain Mcintosh received a letter from the garrison, in which he was urged to push on. In consequence of this he made a forced march which was the cause of his missing a despatch ^ from the Resident Miaoamage mentioning the arrival of the force under Colonel Gibbs, Reddent'i and the determination of Colonel Davis to prevent the '''■"^• entrance of the battalions into Seringapatam. It cannot be supposed that Captain Mcintosh, at the head of about * " It is greatlj to be lamented that we did not reoeiye the letters from Mr. Cole, and Colonel Dayis, which I understand they sent, requesting us not to proceed. Even had an officer come to us from either of the King's corps, informing us of the consequences in case we did come on, we should ne?er have proceeded." — Intercepted letter from Lieutenant Baker. An officer of H.BC.'s 25th approached the column while it was harassed by the Mysore horse. The accounts of what foUowed are contradic- tory. Lieutenant G. A. Walker of the 8th deposed, supported by other officers, that he advanced towards the dragoon officer, holding a white flag, but that before he could reach him, the officer turned, galloped off, and joined the Mysore horse. Others say that the officer was fired at. 276 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XX. Balliea from the fort. oarrBDder of the fort. Disposal t>f liie Coimpanj's officers in ^MysorOi 1^120 natives^ woald have ventared to oppose sncli a force as that under Colonel Oibbs. During the attack, the guns in the fort opened upon the camp, and a party under Colonel Munro of the 16th sallied in that direction, but was driyen back. The camp was again cannonaded at intervals during the night, and a few camp-followers and horses were killed and wounded, but no further damage was done. Another sally was made upon the Mysore troops on the-lSth, in which Captain Turner of the 15th battalion was wounded, and several of his men killed. The next few days were passed in negotiations, during which the intelligence of the submission of the officers at Hyderabad having been received, the fort surrendered at discretion, and was taken possession of by Colonel Davis on the 23rd August, the declaration having been previously signed by the officers of the garrison. The officers of the 5th cavalry, and 1st battalion 3rd regiment at Bangalore, having refused to sign the test^ they had been removed from their respective corps by Lieutenant-Colonel Oibbs before his march upon Seringa- patam. The officers of the 2nd battalion 3rd regiment, which had relieved the 8th at Bednore, also refused to sign, and Major Lucas made over charge of the battalion to the senior native oflScer on the 9th August, pending the nomi- nation of a European Commandant. TreparatidiB of GoTem. •ment. Aftairs at thi Prxsidinct. Early in July, in consequence of the threatening aspect of affairs at Hyderabad and Masulipatam, Government applied to Ceylon, and to Bombay, for reinforcements of European troops. They also took steps, by means of HI8TOBT Of THI MADRAS ABMT. 277 correspondence, and agents, to disonite ^ the native troops CHAP. ZX. and their officers. About the same time they directed the assembly of a Tender of the field force to be encamped on the race -coarse near the Monnt^ and on the 26th July the dechiration of fidelity^ previoasly mentioned^ was tendered to the Company's officers in the said camp^ to those at the Mount, and also to those in garrison at Fort St. George. The whole of those in camp, with the exception of three or four, refused to sign, and were ordered off to the sea coast between Sadras and Negapatam. Amongst these were Lieutenant-Colonel Floyer and 10 Basalt in officers 3rd cavalry, Lieutenant-Colonel Bumley and "^^^ 7 officers 7th cavalry, Major Bruce and 14 officers 1st battalion 20th, and Major G-umell and 5 officers 2nd battalion 25th regiment. All the officers of artillery at the Mount, viz., 1 Lieuten- ^ ^^® ant-Golonel, 6 Captains and 15 Lieutenants, havipg refused to sign, Major Sir John Sinclair, Bart., was sent from Madras to command one battalion, and Captain Creighton, H.M.'s 59th regiment, to command the other. The vacancies in the native corps were filled, so far as the means would admit, by officers of the Boyal army, and such available Company's officers as had signed the test. The declaration was signed by all the officers of the At Ifadnuk General Staff at the Presidency, but only by a small number of the regimental officers in the fort, viz., those ^ This measare has been denonnoed as dangerocui and impoUtio. The following extract from an intercepted letter of the time, dated at the Monnt, shows the rapid effect, on the native mind, of such a proc eed * ing. '' The common topic of the laeoan in this oanUmment to the servants is, ' That not long before all white face gone. This Governor, veiy fine Qovemor, he tell black men, that they better than white men» and that sepoy never mind again what they say.' " 278 HISTORY OF THS MADBAS ABICT. GHAP. XX. belonging to the Ist of tHe Sth, 2nd of the 8th^ and 2nd of the 20th. Field tone Abont the end of July a detachment of Boyal artillery^ J^^* 400 H.M.'a 66th, and 200 H.M.'s 89th were sent from Difltrioii. Ceylon, and the 1st battalion H.M.'s 56th from Bombay. The Government, on being informed of the approaching reinforcements, determined to send a strong force into the Ceded Districts, to move, either upon Hydierabad, or Masulipatam according to circumstances. This foroe was placed under the temporary command of Lieutenant- Colonel Conran of the Royals, and marched from Madras about the middle of August. Ybllobi. Lieutenant-Colonel Boss Lang having been unable to prevail upon any officer of the 2nd battalion 11th regi- ment, then stationed at Yellore, to sig^ the declaration^ they were all ordered off to the sea coast. Pbogbbdinos in thb Southbbn Division. Triohinopolj. The declaration was tendered to the officers at Trichino- poly on the 30th July by Colonel Wilkinson, H.M/s 80th regiment, commanding the Southern Division, and was signed by 20 officers, viz., 1 of cavalry, 1 of artillery, 2 of engineers, 8 of the 2nd battalion 13th, 12 of the 2nd battalion 24th, and 1 Staff officer. The remaining officers of the 24th who were stationed at Tanjore signed a few days afterwards. Sixteen officers at Trichinopoly having not only refused to subscribe the declaration, but having declined to '' give their word of honor that they would not interfere, or have any further intercourse " with their men. Colonel Wilkinson placed them in confinement, and sent them towards Negapatam under a guard of 200 men H.M.'s 30th, with instructions to liberate them at Tanjore provided they would engage to proceed quietly to « HISTORY Of THI MADRAS ARMY. 279 their destination. Of the officers thus removed, 7 belonged CHAP, to the 6th regiment of cavalry, 1 to the artillery, and 8 to the 2nd battalion 13th regiment. About the 12th of August Colonel Wilkinson, at the Dindigoi. head of a strong ^ detachment, left Trichinopoly by order of Q-ovemment for the purpose of enforcing obedience thronghoat the division. He arrived at Dindigul on the 17th, bat none of the officers of the 2nd battalion 16th regiment would sign the declaration with the exception of Major McDonell, the Commandant. The rest, eleven in number, were sent off to the coast. The officers of the 2nd battalion 6th regiment, then at Palamoofctah. Palamcottah,had been extremely violent in their language for some time, and on two occasions they had gone the length of seizing and opening the mails, from which they abstracted despatches destined for the officers command- ing in Travancore, and in Malabar. Colonel Wilkinson reached the station on the 30th August, and found the officers prepared to submit, with the exception of four, who were consequently removed from the battalion and sent to Ouddalore. Captain Townsend and two others, who were charged with having seized the mails, were sent to Madras for trial under a guard of the 6th cavalry. . Procbedings nv Travancori, Malabar and Cahara, AND AT GOA. On the 9th July orders were issued for the march of three battalions of native infantry from Travancore, but the officers refused to obey, on the ground that it was the intention of Government to separate the native corps, so as to place them under the control of H.M.'s regiments, and the excitement was so gpreat at Quilon that picquets 1 6th regiment cavaliy; flank oompanies H.M.'b 12th, H.M.'e 80th, Snd battalion 19th, 2nd battalion 24th, and 1 oompany of artmery. 280 HISTORY OF THE ICADBAS ARMY. Quilon. Cochin and Alleppy. CHAP. XX. of 100 men each, under Eoropeon officers, were regularly detailed from each native battalion to gaard against sarprise. Lieutenant-Colonel the Honorable P. Stuart^ ELM/s 19th regiment^ then commanding in Travancore, not being sufficiently strong to coerce the native troops, remained passive. The declaration was tendered to the officers of the Ist battalion 2nd, 1st battalion 4th, and 2nd battalion 9th regiments at Quilon about the 1 6th August, but they all refused to sign with the exception of four, amongst whom were the Commandants of the 4th and 9th. A few days later, viz., on the 22nd August, the officers of the 4th were prevailed upon to submit. The officers of the 1st battalion 17th regiment at Cochin, and those of the 2nd battalion 14th, and 2nd bat- talion 18 th regiments stationed at Alleppy, all signed the declaration. Major Gulbraith Hamilton commanding the 1st batta« lion 13th regiment, then in the fort at Oodagherry, and all his officers, refused to sign. The garrison at Cannanore was composed, in addition to European troops, of the 2nd battalion 12th, and 2nd battalion 22nd regiments. The officers of the 22nd, with the exception of those on detachment at Tellicherry^ signed the declaration. The officers of the 12th refused. The officers of the 1st battalion 5th regiment at Mang- alore, while professing their loyalty, refused to sign because '' Colonel Wilkinson commanding the Southern Division, has adopted the most violent and unprecedented measures, by insulting and degrading the officers of the Honorable Company's service ; these measures, having of course been sanctioned by Government, must affect the feelings of every officer who holds a commission in the Oodagherrj. Cannanore. Mangalore. service. >» HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. 281 The officers of the 2nd battalion 2nd^ 1st battalion 14th, chap. xx. and Ist battalion 18th regiments then forming part of q^^ the Aaxiliary Force at Goa, do not appear to have taken any active part in opposition to Ooyemment. « Ceded Districts. Most of the officers in the Ceded Districts having ref ased to sign the declaration^ were removed from their respective corps by Major-General Croker of the Madras army commanding the Division. Major Keasbury, and 10 officers 1st battalion 9th, Major Bellaiy. Wright commanding 2nd battalion 7th, and 11 officers of that corps, 3 officers of artillery, and 3 Staff officers, all belonging to the garrison of Bellary, were sent off to the sea coast. Lieatenant-Golonel Sir D. Ogilby Bart., commanding the 9th, and 1 Captain and 1 Subaltern of Engineers, were the only officers at Bellary who were not removed. Lieatenant-Colonel Bowness, commanding the 1st bat- Gooty. talion 25th regiment at Gooty, signed the declaration. The Major and 1 1 officers, as well as the artillery officer at the station, refused. All the officers of the 1st battalion 22nd regiment then Cambum. stationed at Cumbum, refused to sign, and were sent to Sadras, as soon as arrangements could be made to supply their places. Analysis of the Dsclaration. Although the number of officers who consented to sign 'the test bore a very small proportion to the whole, yet the minority comprised, with a few exceptions, all the senior and most distinguished officers, such as Colonels Close, Lang, Malcolm, and Barclay. The parts taken by the Field officers of cavalry, and infantry, so far as they can be ascertained, are given below : — VOL. nx* S6 282 HISTORY OF THE. MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XX. Cavalry. Adhered to Qovernment, Regimental. Do. Staff Mutinied, and refosed to sign Under suspension Furlough Lieut. - Colonels. Majors. 1, 2 1 4 3 1 3 2 Total Field Officers of cavalrj ... 8 8 Infantry, Lieut.- ColoneU. Majors. Adhered to Goyemment, Regimental. 19 15 Do. Staff ... 8 3 . Mutinied, and refused to sign ... 2 17 Under suspension ... ... ... 1 2 Furlough ... ... ... ... 18 5 Not ascertained ... ... ... 6 Total Field Officers of infantry ... 48 48 There were only four Company's officers of the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel doing duty with the troops in actual mutiny^ viz., one at Masulipatam^ one at Jaulna, and two at Seringapatam. Of these^ Colonel Innes alone was an avowed supporter of Government. Colonel Munro was active in the mutiny. Colonel Bell pleaded that he had not been a free agent, and Colonel Doveton defended the abandonment of his post at Jaulna on the ground that he accompanied the troops solely for the purpose of preventing excesses. LOBD MiNTO's ARRIVAL AND FBOCERDINOS. Lord Minto^ the Governor- General^ had intended to go to Madras in July, but he unfortunately postponed his departure on being assured by the Madras Govern- ment that the agitation was rapidly subsiding^ an assor- HISTORY OF THB MADRAS ARMT. 283 ance which showed how little that Government under- CHAP. XX. stood the nature of the indignation which had been created by their hasty and indiscriminate proceedings. It was not until the 5th August, when, alarmed by the eyents at Masulipatam, his Lordship sailed from Calcutta^ but having been delayed by bad weather^ he did not arrive at Madras until the 11th September. Lord Minto had supported the Madras Government Confidence throughout from the first, and in an elaborate despatch of ji^tice of 95 paragraphs^ dated 27th May, he discussed, and entirely ^^ Minto. condemned the memorial ^ which had excited the wrath of Sir George Barlow who had sent him a copy thereof on the 1st April. Nevertheless, there was a general feeling of confidence, throughout the army, in the justice and moderation of His Lordship, which was justified by the result, and it seems probable that had he arrived at an earlier period, the disastrous affair at Seringapatam would not have taken place, and the impolitic measure of separating the European officers from tbeir men would not have been attempted. On the 25th September a general order was published, Amnestj. in which the Governor-General, after having dwelt upon the criminal, and desperate character of the contest in which the ofiicers had been engaged, granted a general amnesty to all concerned, with the exception of the undermentioned, viz. : — Garrison of Seringapatam. Lieutenant-Colonel John Bell, Commandant. Exceptions Captains DeHavilland Engineers, and Cadell 2nd bat- ^^J^^ ''™' talion 12th regiment. Staff Officers. ^ It wonld seem to have been the policy of both Governments, to disregard, if not to ignore, the fact that the transmission of the memo- rial had been given np bj the authors as far back as the month of March. 284 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XX, Lieutenant-Colonel R. Munro^ and Major D. C. Kenny^ commanding the native battalions in the garrison. Captains Mcintosh, and Aiskill who commanded the battalions from Chittledroog. Captain Turner 2nd battalion 15th regiment who Iiad taken a prominent part in the proceedings, and in a saJly from the fort. Garrison of Masulipataic and Niighbouring Posts. Major J. Storey 1st battalion 19th, Captain Andrews European Regiment^ Captain J. Sadler 1st of 24th, Captain J. Patterson 1st of llth^ and Captain G. Wahab lstof2l8t. FiBLD Force at Jaulna. Lieutenant-Colonel John Doveton Commanding. Captains J. L. Lushington, and A. McLeod of the cavalry. Captains-Lieutenant Hopkinson, and Poignand of the artillery. Major Mathew Stewart, and Captains G. M. Gibson, and T. Pollock of the infantry. The three Commandants, viz., Lieutenant-Colonels Bell and Doveton, and Major Storey, were ordered to be tried by Court Martial. The remaining officers were allowed the option of standing their trial, or of being dis- missed from the service. Officers at Although the officers at Hyderabad had been the J era a . jg^^j^pg Qf \\^q mutiny, they escaped punishment in consid- eration of the importance attached by Lord Minto to their submission at a critical period. The soBpend- On the 80th September an order was issued by which turn to doty, all officers who had been removed from their military functions, were permitted to rejoin their respective corps on signing the declaration, a proffer which was universally accepted. HISTORY OF THE HADBAS ABMT. 285 Trials of ths Officsbs. CHAP. xx. On the 1st November, a General Goart Martial^ of which Major-General Warde^ H.M. Service, was President, and which was composed of an equal namber of officers of each service, assembled at Bangalore for the trial of Lienten- ant-Colonel Bell and others. Colonel Bell was f oand guilty on the 9th December CqIodaI Bell* 1809, and sentenced to be cashiered.' The Proceedings were returned for revision, but the Court adhered to their original sentence. The Commander-in-Chief, when con- firming it, remarked that the punishment awarded to the prisoner bore no proportion to the atrocity of the crime. Major Storey was sentenced to be cashiered. This Major Storey, sentence was also returned for revision, but the Court having declined to make any alteration, it was confirmed by the Commander-in-Chief without remark. Lieutenant-Colonel Munro was sentenced to be Colonel cashiered, which sentence was duly confirmed. ^"""^' Major Kenny was also sentenced to be cashiered, and Major Eennj. the sentence was confirmed. Lieutenant-Colonel Doveton was charged with having Colonel marched from Jaulna without authority, and with nmtin- ^^®*^»* OU8 designs, with having endeavoured to excite the troops under his command to mutiny against the Government, and with having affixed his name to a mutinous and sedit- ious paper. The Court were of opinion that Colonel Doveton was Aoqaitted hj til A Qj^upji- not guilty of any of the charges, and therefore acquitted him in the " most full and honorable manner. '' The proceedings having been returned for revision, the Court sent them back on the 13th February 1810, with a remark to the effect that they saw no reason to alter their former opinion. 286 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XX. Suspended by the Gtovemor- General. Oolonel Doveton's defence. Dissolation of the Court. Assembly of a new Court. The Commander-in-Chief disapproved of the finding, and recommended that Colonel Doveton should be sus- pended until further orders, but that he should continue to draw his pay and allowances. This recommendation was approved of, and acted upon by the Governor-General in Council on the 21st March 1810. Colonel Doveton had rested his defence partly on the plea that he accompanied the troops with the object of preventing them from the commission of excesses, and partly on the strength of a private and confidential letter from the Resident at Hyderabad in which that line of conduct had been recommended. Neither of these pleaa were considered admissible either by the Commander-in- Chief, or the Governor-General, who pronounced it to have been the duty of Colonel Doveton to leave the mutinous officers so soon as he found himself unable to control them. The Court Martial of which Major-General Warde was President was dissolved on the 4th April 1810, and an order was published at the same time in which, while the Governor- General admitted the '^ upright and honorable motives of the respectable officers who composed the Court/' he took exception to their judgments as having been erroneous in some points. It is conceivable that this Court may have been con- * sidered not sufficiently plastic, and too favorably disposed towards the accused officers. Neither of these objections could be urged against the members of the fresh Court Martial which was ordered to assemble at Wallajahbad for the trial of the remain- ing officers. The President of this Court was Colonel Wilkinson H.M. 30th Regiment, a firm and uncompro- HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ABMT. 287 mising > adherent of Sir George Barlow; and two-thirds of CHAP. XX. the members belonged to H.M. Service. The Court was The ^,fficerg consequently believed to have been packed^ and the f^^^^ *?. ^ accused officers having preferred the alternative of dis- missal to that of trial, they were dismissed accordingly on the 5th April 1810. The name of one officer, viz.. Captain McLeod 8th regiment cavalry, having been inserted in the order by mistake, his dismissal was can- celled on the 26th April. Case of Colonel the Honorable A. Sentleqer. During, and after, these troubles, many complaints were made of the harsh and degrading treatment to which a number of officers had been subjected after the suspension of Colonel Capper, and Major Boles ; but it will be sufficient to mention two instances, one of which is a striking example of insubordinate and intemperate behaviour on one side, and undignified retaliation on the other. * This officer in a letter to the Military Seoretaiy, dated 18th July 1809, reported that he had no reason to believe that any officer nnder his command meditated any hostile measure against Government, but he added that, in event of " any wretches so far forgetting themselves as to be taken in arms against Government, it would be desirable to know if the punishment due to rebels might not be inflicted on them immediately." On the 21st of the same month, he offered to make prisoners of the European officers of the native corps at Triohinopoly, and to appoint King's officers tliereto — Letter to Lieutenant-Colonel Barclay, 21st July 1809. Shortly after the arrival of the Governor* Gtoeral, charges were pre- ferred against Colonel Wilkinson for unnecessary severity in carrying out the orders of Government with respect to the declaration, but his acts were held to be covered by the general amnesty. In these circum- stances, although Colonel Wilkinson had probably acted honestly according to his convictions, he could not be considered as unbiassed, and was therefore not a fit and proper person to have been selected as the President of the Court Martial. 288 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. GHAP. XX. Lieutenant-Colonel the Honorable A. Sentleger of the 6th cayalrj was an officer who had served with distinc- tion nnder Goote, Comwallis^ and Wellesley, and had recently received the thanks of Government for distin- gfuished service in Travancore. Nevertheless^ his con- duct on some occasions had called forth the displeasure of Government, who, in a despatch to the Court of Direc- tors, written in October 1807, before the arrival of Sir George Barlow, reported that '* a very dangerous spirit of cabal has shewn itself among several officers of your army. This feeling has been greatly inflamed by the impunity with which the Honorable Lieutenant-Colonel Sentleger has hitherto been enabled to brave and insult the authority of this Government, Every means of the most public nature have been taken at some of the princi« pal military stations to hold up Lieutenant-Colonel Sentleger as the champion of the rights of the Com- pany's army, and as one whose example calls for general imitation. " On the 7th April 1809, the Government, having re- ceived information that Colonel Sentleger had been con- cerned in the preparation of the memorial to the Governor- General, sent a letter to the Resident at Travancore, desiring that the Colonel should be relieved from the command at Oodagherry, and desired to return to hia regiment at Trichinopoly. It so happened that in this letter, which was not re- ceived until the 2dth April, the title of " Honorable *^ had been omitted, upon which Colonel Sentleger addressed the Chief Secretary in the following terms : — '' That the letter, I have herewith the honor to enclose, was intended by the Honorable the Gbvernor in Goancil to hurt my feelings, I am fully satisfied ; that he has succeeded, I am unable to deny ; but although it may be in the power of the Honorable the Governor in Council to wound my feelings. HISTORY 01* TH£ MADRAS ARMY. 289 • and degrade me from command, I am ignorant of any power CHAP. XX. or anthoritj vested in him to annul that title to which my birth has elevated me." " Am removal from command is generally conceived a pnnishment for an offence committed, I am relieved from mnch anxiety as to the caase of my removal, by having received officially the copy of a letter addressed by the present Commander-in-Chief to the Officer commanding in Travan- core respecting the expression of the general sense of the army on the unfortunate situation of Major Boles, a paper to which I affixed my name as being purely expressive of my sentiments on the subject to which it relates ; and further, I have no hesitation to declare that, had I been appointed to sit as member of a general Court-martial to investigate the conduct of Major Boles, as having refused to sig^ and puUish the orders of his immediate Commander* in-Chief on a subject so purely military, I should have awarded cashiering as a punishment only adequate to such disobedience." This letter did not reach Madras until after the publi- cation of the order of the 1st May^ in which Colonel Sentleger and others had been suspended, but the instant it had been received, the permission which had been granted Colonel Sentleger to visit Trichinopoly for the purpose of arranging his private affairs before proceed- ing to Madras was revoked, and Colonel Wilkinson was ordered to send an officer to meet him on his way from Travancpre, to desire him to march to Poonamallee by the sea coast, and to await final orders at that station, which at that time was the depdt for foreign prisoners. Failing an assurance on the part of Colonel Sentleger that he would obey these orders, he was to be sent to Poonamallee under a guard. The Colonel arrived at Poonamallee in due course, having given the promise required, and soon afterwards he was allowed to go to VOL. in. 37 c 290 HI8T0KT OF THB MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XX. Madras^ where he filed an affidavit in the Supreme Court preliminary to an action in the King's Bench^ which he proposed to bring against Sir G^rge Barlow for unjust suspension^ and slanderous and malicious libel. In this affidavit, which was sworn to about the middle of June, the Colonel denied having circulated^ or promoted the circulation, of any memorial to the Govemor-Qeneral, or that he had employed his influence for the purpose of subverting the authority of Government. On the 18th of June he applied for permission to remain at Madras in order that he might be present at the next session of the Courts but this was refused, and he embarked for England a few days afterwards. During October two witnesses, viz., Lieutenant-Colonel Vesey Madras army, and Lieutenant-Colonel McLeod H.M.'s 6dth regiment, were brought forward to rebut the statements of Colonel Sentleger, and af t-er having given their evidence before the Judges, they were cross-examined by the Colonel's counsel. Colonel Vesey deposed that the memorial had been sent to him at Palamcottah some time during Maruh by Colonel Sentleger, and that he had immediately written to him to the effect that he had destroyed it as being an improper document, of which action the Colonel had afterwards approved, because the intention to forward the memorial in that shape had been abandoned. Lieutenant-Colonel McLeod stated that the memorial had been brought to him in Travanoore by the Colonel, .who requested him to sign it, and also to procure the sig^tures of his officers thereto; both of which he refused to do, and also told the Colonel that if he did not succeed in turning out Sir George Barlow, he, the Colonel, ought to be turned out himself. This testi- mony was not shaken in cross-examination. It may be HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. 291 presumed that the removal of Sir George Barlow^ and CHAP. XX. the sabversion of Government were not considered as synonymous terms by Colonel Sentleger. Officebs AT Trichinopolt. The other instance was the treatment of the officers at Trichinopoly by Colonel Wilkinson^ who was said to have marched them to the barracks surrounded by a detach- ment of H.M/s 80th regiment, with loaded muskets^ and fixed bayonets, and with orders to shoot them all in case of a rescue being attempted. There is reason to believe that this complaint was true, but there must have been considerable difficulty in knowing how to deal with a set of officers ^ who would neither sig^ the declaration of fidelity, nor promise to abstain from communicating with the men of the regi- ments from which they had been removed. Officers, in making such complaints, forgot the manner in which they had themselves behaved in arresting and confining their lawful commandants. Debatbs at thi India House, 1810-12. The measures of Government were attacked at the India House by Sir Francis Baring, Sir Hugh Inglis, Messrs : Bannerman, Hudleston, and others, and defended by the majority, led by Messrs : Grant and Astell, the Qiairman and Deputy Chairman. Long and angry de- bates followed. It was maintained by one party that the mutiny had been entirely caused by the inveterate spirit of insubordination which prevailed among the officers; whereas it was contended on the other side that all the > Many of them belonged to the oavalry, the officers of which ha4 been mnoh irritated by the Boapension of Colonel Sentleger, and tb» removal of Colonel Bumley from hig command. 292 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARUT. ment. CHAP. XX. evils which were to be lamented in the disgraceful, and *"* guilty state of the army of Port St. George, were, in a great degree^ to be ascribed to the acts of Goyemment. Mr. Banner- The following is a summary of some of the principal atrictnres on objections taken by Mr. Bannerman in his dissent^ dated the oondnct 23rd April 1810 :— of Grovem- *^ ** The rejection of the memorial ^ of officers commanding corps forwarded by the Commander-in-Chief on the 28th January 1809, on the ground that it was objectionable and improper ; by which rejection the door of appeal was shut, and authority interposed, to stop, not only the regular course of justice, bnt the ultimate appeal against oppression. '* The suspension of Colonel Capper and Major Boles for the strict performance of their military duty ; an act unsound in its principle, and rash and unnecessary in its application, and which may be considered the chief ground of discontent in the army, and by the subsequent measures growing out of this fatal error* to have been one of the leading causes of the late unfortunate rebellion. *^ The promulgation of the General Order of the 1st May 1 809, which saspended and degraded, wiikout trial, officers whose characters, in the order, were publicly stigmatised on private examinatiofi and private information, withholding frow^ the accused the detail of the accusation, the name of the accuser ^ or any of those circumstances which justice ejtacts for the pwr^ pose of enabling the accused to repel imputed guiW^ The contest at the India House continued for about three years, when the attacking party having acquired the majority, orders were sent out in December 1812, nominating Lieutenant- General the Honorable John Abercromby to be Governor of Fort St. George, and annulling the provisional appointment of Sir George ' The Court of Directors in para. 99 of their general letter, dated 15t]i. September 1809, expressed their disapproval of the refonal to tranamii this memorial. HTSTOCT or THE MADRAS ABMY. 293 Barlow to succeed to the office of Govemor-Oeneral. CHAP. XX. These orders haying been received at Madras in May g^,. q g 1813, Sir George Barlow vacated office on the 21st of ^^'^^^ ° yacates that month. office, 1818. Pardon of thb Officbks, 1811-16. With the exception of Lieutenant-Colonel John Bell, and the Commandants of the battalions which had marched from Chittledroog, every surviving officer who had either been suspended, dismissed, or cashiered, was ultimately restored to the service. This was an act of grace in the cases of most, but the few who' had been unJQStly treated had reason to complain of the continu- ance of their suspension by the majority of the Court, who were desirous to avoid any thing having the appear- ance of reflecting upon any of the actions of the Madras Government. On this plea, Major Boles, and Captain Marshall were not relieved from suspension until October 1811, although a large body of officers, who had been engaged in actual mutiny, had been exempted by the amnesty from any punishment whatever. Lieutenant-Colonels Doveton, and Kobert Bell were restored to their respective commands in January 1813. With respect to the former, the Court observed that although they doubted whether his acquittal had been justified by the evidence, they would not deprive him of the benefit thereof. Lieutenant-Colonel Munro, Majors Kenny and Stewai*t, and Captains Sadler and Poignand were not restored until April and June 1814, and Major Storey not until two years later. All the others were restored during 1812 and 1813. The bad feeling, and dissension engendered by these Bad feeling lamentable events did not subside for many years. Several *° ® army, courts- martial were held upon officers during 1809-10 294 HISTORY OP THE MADRAS AEMT. CHAP. XX. for insulting others who had sided with the GoVern- ment, and in 1812^ an officer was suspended for having refused to dine with Colonel Conran Cbmmanding &e Hyderabad Subsidiary Force, or to make any apology for his refusal. £ven so late as ISSS, an officer of rank, then holding an important staff appointment at the Presidency^ was still in bad odour with his surviving contemporaries for alleged treachery towards the officers of his own regiment. BmnArks. Although the motives which led the Commander-in- Chief to take action against Colonel Munro may have been questionable, yet it must be admitted that his pro- ceedings were regular, and consistent both with military law, and the usages of the service ; whereas those of Government, besides being severe and arbitrary in the extreme, were, in some instances, positively unjust. It is now conceded that Major Boles ought not to have suffered for his obedience to the Commander-in-Chief, more especially as he only signed the order in conse- quence of the temporary absence of his superior, who, on his return, assumed the responsibility ; but this avowal, instead of having the effect of leading to the restoration of Major Boles, only involved Colonel Capper in the same predicament. Again, supposing an example to have been necessary, the removal of these two officers from their important situations on the staff would have been suffi- cient to mark the displeasure of Government without the infliction of the additional cruel punishment of suspen- sion. This punishment, followed immediately afterwarda by the refusal to permit Major Boles to return home in the '' Lushington,'^ was one proximate cause of the mutiny, for, had not that officer been detained in India, no subscriptions fur his maintenance would have been required, and the addresses to him, for being concerned HISTORY OF TRB MADRAS ARMY. 295 in which, several officers of rank were removed from CHAP. XX. their commands, would never have been framed. In reading the correspondence of the time it is impos- sible not to be struck by the exaggerated and violent language in which the officers described their grievances and fears. The former, with the exception of the unfair preference shown to the officers of the Royal army in respect to commitnds, and appointments on the staff, were more imaginary than real, and not sufficient to account for any violent agitation^ far less for the mutiny, the principal cause of which must be sought for in the severity of the local Grovemment; for although the feeling of alarm and insecurity, which pervaded all ranks subse- quently to the suspensions and removals ordered on the 1st May, seems at first sight to have been out of all pro- portion to the importance of the circumstances so far as they affected the general body of officers, yet it must be remembered that in those days of slow communication with England, suspension meant being reduced to a bare subsistence for an indefinite period, certainly for a year at least, and that the Madras Government had shown themselves disposed to make an ansparing use of . that severe, and theretofore exceptional method of punishment, without trial, and without disclosing the evidence upon which they acted. No man felt safe, and no relief could be expected from the Supreme Government, which had committed itself to an unqualified approval of the pro- ceedings of Sir George Barlow. Nothing can justify the misguided and guilty conduct of the officers, but the arbitrary closing of the door of appeal in India, and the unfortunate procrastination of Lord Minto in delaying CO proceed to Madras, must be held as important factors in their continued insubordination, and the culmination thereof in mutiny. 296 HISTORY OF THB MADRAS ARMY. CHAPTER XXT, FROM THB TERMINATION OF THE WAR IN TRAVANCORB IN 1809, TO THE COMPLETION OF THK CONQUEST OF JAVA, 1812. CHAP. XXI. Ameer Khan seizes Jabbulpoor, 1809. Preparations of the British Government. Advance to 8eroi%e. Occupation of Serongb, 1810. A soldier of fortune named Ameer Khan^ who had attained some distinction in the service of different princes in Central India, at last attached himself to Jeswont Rao Holkar, and ultimately became independent. In January 1809, taking advantage of the insanity of Holkar, he entered the territories of the Rajah of Nagpore at the head of a large force estimated at 40,000 horse and 34,000 Pindarics, and took possession of the city of Jubbulpoor, and the surrounding country. The interests of the British Government being supposed to be injuriously affected by this movement, an army was assembled at, and in the neighbourhood of, Jaulna during November, and placed under the command of Colonel Barry Close, who was invested by the Governor- General with the entire control of all the British troops serving in the territories of the Nizam, the Peishwa, and the Rajah of Berar* Encouraged by these preparations, the Nagpore troops attacked Ameer Ehan,and drove him into Bhopal ; but the advance of Colonel Close being still considered necessary, HISTOBT OF THS MAD&AS ARMY. 297 he marched^ from Janlna aboat the middle of November CHAP. XXI. by Amrawutty, ABhty, and BUlsay and on the 10th Febra- ary 1810, he arrived at Seronge/ the capital of Ameer Khan, after a long and difficult march. The place had been evacuated on the 9th by the last Occupation party of Ameer Khan's troops, he himself having previ- igio.'*'''^' ously taken refuge at Indore. On the 11th, Colonel Close placed himself in communication with Lieutenant- Colonel Martindale commanding a detachment of Bengal troops, which had been ordered to co-operate from Bundlecund, and which was then encamped about 45 miles from Seronge. All apprehensions of a further invasion of Berar being Breaking np over for the time. Colonel Close was soon recalled. He ^ *^® "^^' reached the Nerbudda on the 8th March, and from thence ^ The army was brigaded as follows in December 1809:— Cavalry divisioii, Lieutenant-Colonel Hare, H.M. SSSnd Dragoons. Ist brigade. Major Keale, Ist cavalry. H.M. 22nd Ligbt Dragoons. Ist Begiment Cavalry. 7th do. do. 2ad brigade, Major Lewis, 2nd cavalry. 2nd Regiment Cavalry. 4th do. do. 8th do. do. Infantry division, Lieatenant-Colonel Conran, Boyals. Bight brigade. Major Brace, 20th native infantry. 1st battaUon 16th N.L 2ad do. 17th do. Centre brigade, Lieutenant- Colonel Irton, 12th native infantry, let battalion lOth N.I. H.M. 34th Begiment. 1st battalion 12th N.L Left brigade, Lieutenaat-Colonel Trotter, 20th native in&ntry. Ist battalion 9th native infantry. 1st do. 20th da 2Dd do. 7th do. Major Crossdill to command the artillery. Captain Bowes (6th N.I.) to command the pioneers. Europeans 1,507, natives 7,590. Nizam's troops 2,078, Mysore Horse 1,600, Salabut Khan's contingent 2,200. ' In the province of Malwa, Lat. 24-5 N. Long. 77-41 B., about 450 miles from Jaulna in a north-easterly direction. TOL. III. ^ 38 208 HI8T0RT OF THE MADRAS ARMT. OHAP. XXL proceeded to Amrawuttj, where the army was broken ap on the 24th ApriU A detachment under Lieutenant- Colonel Hewitt of the 17th was sent to Hyderabad. -A brigade under Lieutenant-Colonel Conran marched to Jaulna, which had recently been fixed upon as the Head Quarters of the Hyderabad Subsidiary Force, and the remainder of the army, under Colonel Close, followed to the same station, from whence the regiments, under orders for cantonments in the Bouth, proceeded to their several destinations. Colonel Close returned to England in September, upon which occasion the following order was issued by (rovera* ment :— Beobgnition of Colonel Close's senrioei. *' Fort St, Georgb, 6th Sbptsmbbk 1810. ''Colonel Close is permitted to proceed to Europe on furloagh. The important services rendered by Colonel Close, in the high and confidential situations which he has held under the OoYemment of this Presidency, have so frequently received the testimony ' of pubHc approbation that it would ^ Bztraot of a letter to the GoYemor-General from General Haxris, Seringapatam, 13th May 1799. "In ereiy point of view, I must call jcmr Lordship's partionlar attention to the Adjatant*Genenil of the army*. Hie general obaraoter as an officer is too well established by a long and distinguished course of the most meritorious service to require my testimony. • • • The ability, zeal« and energy displayed by him in superintending the variona operations of an arduous jnege, where he wi^ ever present, stimulating the exertions of others, or assisting their judgment and labor with his own, claim from me to be stated to your Lordship in the most forcible terms. It is my earnest wish that my sentiments on this subject may be publicly recorded, and it is my firm opinion that, if the suoceea of this army has been of importance to the British interests, that succeaa is to be attributed, in a very considerable degree, to Lientenant-Goloiiel Close." Extract trom General Orders by the GoTemor-General, Fort Bt.t}eorge» 24th May 1799. "The oondnot of the A^ntant- General, Lieutenant-Colonel Close, has amply Justified the implicit confidence reposed by the Gk^vemor- General in Council in his extenstTe knowledge, approved experience, superior talents, ardent valor, ftnd indefatigable activity." HISTOKT OF THE MADRAS ARHT. 299 be superflaons to reeapitalaie them.. The Oovemor in CHAP. XXI. Council, however, cannot allow that officer to depart without """^ again expreasing the high sense which this GK)yemment must ever entertain of serTioes bo eminent and distinguished, which have contributed so essentially to the prosperity of the British interests in the Deccan, and which so justly entitle him to the strongest expressions of gratitude and esteem/' Colonel Close becanie a Major-General in July 1810. He returns to He was created a Baronet soon af terwards^ and died in °^ England in 1813, aged 56. The Court of Directors sent out a handsome monument to his memory ^' in testimony of their gratitude for his ardent zeal, and entire derotion. to their service, equally manifested in the application of high military attainments> and of profound political knowledge.'^ This monument is now in St, Mary's Church, Port St. George. Expeditions against thb French Islands, 1809-10. Occupation of EodHgues, 1809. Between 1792, and 1809, the trade of the East India Company suffered severely from the attacks of French men-of-war, and of privateers sent from the Mauritius and Bourbon, but the British Government was long averse to undertake any expedition against these islands on account of the expense which it would involve. At last our losses became so serious that it was determined toestablish a blockade^ and in furtherance of this object it was resolved to take possession of the small island of Rodrigues ^ as a depdt for stores and provisions, and as a station for the squadron. This island, almost uninhab- ited, was occupied accordingly by a detachment from Bombay consisting of about 200 of H.M.^s 56th foot, and ^ About 800 miles east of the Mauritiiu or Isle of France — Lat. 19* 41' s., Long, earec E. 300 HISTORY or THX MADRAS ARKT. CHAP. XXI. an equal number of men from the 2nd battalion 2nd regi^ ment Bombay native infantry^ all under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel H. S. Keating of the 56th. During August, and the early part of September 1809^ ordnance, stores, and provisions were landed, roads were made leading to the interior of the island, and the troops were exercised preparatory to an attempt to sur- prise the town of St. Paul's situated on the west coast of Bourbon. Capture of St. PauVs, On the 16th September, a detachment, consisting of 868 officers and men, embarked on board H.M.'s ships '^Nereide '^ and '* Otter'' and the East India Company's cruiser "Wasp." On the morning of the 19th, they fell in with H.M.'s ships "Raisonable" and "Sirius" off the Mauritius, and on the same day the troops and seamen destined for the attack, consisting of 604, were put on board the "Nereide," and the squadron sailed for Bourbon that evening. About 6 o'clock on the morning of the 2l8t, the troops landed a short distance to the south of Point de (Calotte on the north-western coast of the island, about seven miles north of the town of St. Paul's. Colonel Keating moved rapidly forward, and by 7 a.m. he was in posses- sion of the first and second batteries. The enemy made a stand belund a stone wall near the third battery, but they were soon forced from that posi- tion. The remaining batteries were then taken, and the guns turned upon the shipping in the harbour, the whole of which surrendered shortly afterwards to the British squadron which stood in at this time. By half past 8 o'clock, the town, batteries, magazines, and public stores were in our possession. The Fpench frigate ^' La Caroline," of 46 guns, was taken, and several i f BISTORT OF THE MADRAS ARMY. 801 mercltantmen belonging to the ESast India Company, were OH AP. XXI. recaptored, also the brig " Grappler '' of 18 gnns. ^""^ After this brilliant exploit. Colonel Keating retnmed to Rodrignes, where he arrired on the 25th October, and immediately began to bnild store-hoases, barracks, and houses for the officers. Expedition to Bourbon, 1810. On hearing of the saccess which had attended the efforts of so small a detachment, the Supreme Govern* ment resolved to attempt the complete reduction of the French islands, and they sent instructions to Madras, in conformity with which, a force,^ consisting of 1,650 Europeans, and 1,900 Natives, embarked at that place for Rodrigues on the 8th May 1810, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hastings Fraser, H.M.'s 86th regi- ment. The troops arrived on the 20th June, and Colonel Arrives off Keating having assumed command, the expedition sailed ^' l)eiu». on the 3rd July for St. Denis, the capital of Bourbon, and approached the place of debarkation on the 6th idem. The first br^^^e, under Lieutenant-Colonel Fraser orderRtotha composed of H.M.'s 86tb, the 1st battalion 6th Madras ^'''^op^- native infantry (6th M.N.I.), with a party of artillery Madras artillery ... ... ... 100 Flank companiefl, H.M.'a 12th and 83rd 400 H.M.'8 69th regiment 730 f, 86th do. ... ... ... 420 1,650 Ist battalion 6th Madma native infantrj ... 860 2nd do. 12th do. ... 860 Detaohment 2nd battalion pioneers 200 Total rank and file ... 3,660 302 HISTORT OF THI MADRAS ABUT. CHAP. XXI. and pioneers, was ordered to land at Grand Chaloupe, ^"" aboat six miles west of St Denis, which is situated on the northern coast of the island. The remaining three brigades, under the general com- mand of Colonel Keating, were ordered to land near the *^ Biyiere de Pluies/' about three miles east of the town, . viz. :^— The second brigade under Lieutenant-Colonel Drum- mond/H.M.^s 86th, composed of a party of Royal marines, and the 2nd battalion 12th regiment Madras native infan- try (24th M.N.I.). The third brigade under Ldentenant-Golonel. McLeod, H.M.'s 69th, composed of H.M.'s 69th, and a detachment of Bombay native infantry. The fourth brigade under Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, H.M.'s 33rd, composed of the flank companies H.M.^s 12th and 33rd regiments, a detachment H.M.'s 56th, and a party of pioneers* Diflkmltjin The disembarkation began at 2 p.m. on the 7th, and ^' about 300 men of the third and fourth brigades under Colonel McLeod, together with a few seamen under Captain Willoughby, had landed, when the surf became so heavy that nothing more could be done. Upon this Colonel McLeod moved a short distance to the eastward as far as St. Marie, where he took possession of a battery and remained during the night. Snooenofthe The first brigade succeeded in lauding at Orand "*^*' Chaloupe without loss, and Colonel Eraser, pushing on towards the town, occupied the western heights above it with the view of preventing the entrance of any succours from St. Paul's. Early on the morning of the 8th, the Colonel, leaving the 6th battalion to protect his rear, descended the hill towards the town with the Europeans, and attacked the enemy, who were drawn up in two HISTORY OV THI MADRAS ABMT. 303 columns on the plain with two field-pieces^ and supported OHAP. XXI. on the flank by a redoubt. They were quickly driven * back by the bayonet, broken, and pursued so closely that they retreated into the town, leaving the redoubt in our possession. The guns .were then turned upon the place^ and the rest of the troops coming up about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the commandant surrendered, and a capit- Surrender of ulation was signed by which the whole island, together with all public property, was ceded to the British. The troops became prisoners of war. Our loss was incon- siderable, viz., 18 killed ^ and 79 wounded, exclusive of 5 seam^i. Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell was detached to St. Paul's with his brigade on the 10th, and took possession of that place, where 1 ,500 men laid down their arms. 145 pieces of ordnance of various calibres, 195,000 lbs. Captured of gunpowder, and a quantity of small arms, and military stores fell into our hands. Captain Moodie of the 6th regiment. Captain Lambert nianka to 2nd battalion 13th regiment, acting Aide-de-Camp to flnrteigade^ Colonel Fraser, Lieutenant Davies Engineers, Lieutenant Abdy artillery, and Lieutenant Scouler of the pioneers (1st battalion 22nd regiment) received the thanks of the brigadier. The services of the several brigadiers, and of the andstatf. officers on the staff, were duly acknowledged by Colonel KiUed. /•H.M.'8 86th ...11 1 let brigade, j eth H.N.I. ... 1 C PioneerB 2iid „ .k. Marines 8rd ,, ... H.M.'s69th -^, j Flank corps ^^ " •• lH.M.*8 56th 1 1 2 1 1 Wounded. , ^ . ^ rH.M.'8 8eth, 58 l8t brigade, [eth M.N.I.... 7 /-Flank corps . 7 4th ,. ... )H.M.'s66th . 8 C Pioneers ... 4 79 }i 18 304 BISTOBY OJP THl MADRAS ABICT. OHA^. XXI. Keating in his report to the Goyemor-General, dated 2l8t July, which was conveyed to Calcutta by Lientenant- Golonel Campbell H.M/s 33rd regiment. Thanks of the On the 34th Aagust an order was issued by the General. ~ Oovemor-General in Council in which the officers and men engaged in the expedition were thanked for the zeal, courage, and perseverance, by which a conquest of so much importance to the national interests had been achieved. Capture of the Isle de la Passe. On the night of the 13th August the ''Isle de la Passe/' situated at the mouth of the harbour at the south-eastern extremity of the Mauritius, known as the " Grand Port,'^ was attacked by a small ^ party of marines and seamen in the boats of the ^' Sirius'' and '* Iphigenia'' and carried. Lieutenant Norman of the " Sirius " and 6 men were killed, and 18 men wounded. A garrison of 130 men was placed in the island, and Lieutenant Davies of the Engineers was entrusted with the duty of improving the defences. Attacks on the Captain WiUoughby of the '^Nereide^' having been ^^^ ^ placed in charge of the island, made preparations for attacking some of the enemy's posts on the mainland, and leaving Captain Todd H.ll/s 33rd, in command, he embarked a small detachment ^ in the boats of the «' Nereide '' and " Staunch " at 1 a.m. on the 17th^ and assaulted and ca^rried the fort at '^ Point de Diable,'' which ^ Seventy-one in all. — James* Naval History, Vol. V, p. 146. ' 170 officers and men, vis., Lientenant Aldwiokle ICadras artillery, and 12 men ; Lientenant Morlett H.M's 33rd, and Lieutenant Needhall H.M*B 69th, with 60 men ; Lieutenants Pye and Coz Royal marines, with 50 men ; and Lieutenants Deacon and Wiess B.K., with 50 men. Lientenant Daries Madras Engineers, accompanied the party and was slightly wounded. — James' Naval History, Vol. V, and Madras Army List for 1810. enemy. BISTORT Of THK MADRAS ARMT. 305 commanded the north-eastern entrance into the " Orand CHAP. XXI. Port/* Having spiked the gans, destroyed the carriages, and blown np themagazine. Captain Willoughby advanced to the town of ^' Grand Port/' distant about twelve miles, after having dispersed a party ot the enemy by which he was opposed on the march. He returned to his ship the same evening. The next day he landed again with the same force, and destroyed the signal-house at the port of '' Grand Riviere/' about five miles north of " Point de Diable/' to which place he then returned, and after having destroyed the works, he went back to the ^^ Isle de la Passe.'' Disastera of the Squadron. These successes were quickly followed by a series of Attaok on the disasters to the squadron. On the 22nd August the 86-gun <« QnxA ^ frigates ** Sinus/' and " Nereide " made an attempt to P®«^-" attack the French vessels in the '^ Grand Port/' but the '^ Sirius " having grounded near the entrance, nothing was effected. The '' Iphig^nia/' and ^' Magicienne," also of 36 guns each, having arrived the next day, the attempt was renewed by the four ships, but the *' Sirius '^ and " Magicienne " both took the ground, and the Lom of three other two vessels were unequal to contend against the ' *^ combined fire of the enemy's ships and batteries. The '' Nereide," which had grounded after standing into the harbour, was obliged to strike her flag about 10 p.m., after having had 230 seamen, marines, and soldiers killed and wounded out of a total of 281. Amongst the killed were Lieutenant Morlett H.M.'s 33rd, and Lieutenant F. Aldwinkle 1st battalion Madras artillery. Lieutenant Needhall of the 69th was wounded. The *' Magicienne" was abandoned, and set on fire at 7 P.M. on the 24th, and blew up at 11 p.m. On the 25th the *' Iphigenia " endeavoured to get the " Sirius " off, VOL. III. 39 306 HISTOBT OF THB MADRAS ASICT. CHAP. XXI. but finding this impracticable, she took the crew on board. The " Sirins *' was set on fire, and blew up about 11 A.M. The ^* Iphigenia '' then began to warp herself out, but the wind against her was so strong that she did not get back to the '' Isle de la Passe '' until the night of the 26th, when she anchored about three-quarters of a mile from the island. Surrender of On the 27th the French were reinforced by four shijps la Passe ^' to* ^^ ^^ from Port LouiSy and on the same day Captain the French. Lambert of the " Iphigenia " was called upon by Captain- Greneral Decaen to surrender the officers and crews of the squadron within one hour, together with his ship, and the batteries, arms, ammunition and troops upon the island. He was also summoned by Commodore Hamelin of the 40-gun frigate ^'Yenus,'' who commanded the French squadron, and after some correspondence the surrender took place at 10 a.m. on the 29th. The French The English squadron being reduced to Commodore B^n. Rowley's ship " Boadicea '' of 38 guns, the sloop "Otter " of 16 guns, and the gun-brig ^'Staunch,'' the French turned the tables, blockaded the island of Bourbon, and captured some transports carrying troops and proyisions for the projected expedition against the Mauritius. Baising of the This blockade was maintained until the 12th September, on which day the '' Africaine'^ frigate of 38 guns, Captam Corbett, arriyed off St. Denis, when the Conmiodore with the "Boadicea," "Otter,'' and '• Staunch" put out from 13t. Paul's to meet it, having received information of its arrival from Colonel Keating. The blockading ships at this time were the " Astree" of 44 guns, the "Iphigenia'' (captured at " Isle de la Passe)," and the brig " Entre- prenant," which last, apparently in consequence of a signal from the others, made sail to the north-east soon after the blockade. HtSTOBT 09 THE MABBAS ABMT. 307 appearance of the ^'Afrioaine/' and was qnickly ont of CHAP. XXI. sight. The Commodore then endeavonred to bring the frigates to action, bnt the ^' Boadicea'^ was a bad sailer, and at 2 A.m. on the 13th, when the "Africaine '' had got close to the "Astrfe/* the "Boadicea" was still four or five miles to leeward, and the '* Otter '' and ^* Staunch ^* out of sight. Captain Corbett, knowing that the frigates were within Capture a few hours run of Port Louis in the Mauritius, and «Afrioaine." expecting that the ^' Boadicea^' would come up, deter- mined to engage notwithstanding the disparity of force, but he was overmatched, and the '* Africaine ** struck her colors about 4-45 a.m. with the loss of 49 killed, and 114 wounded. Captain Corbett was mortally wounded at the commencement of the action. Out of a detachment of 25 men and one officer H.M.'s 86th which had been taken on board at St. Denis, 5 were killed and 18 wounded, including the officer. Captain Bobert Elliot 5th Bombay native infantry, who had volunteered at St. Denis, was killed. About 7 A.M. the '^ Boadicea ^* was joined by her two Her consorts, and the wind having freshened, the Commodore ^^^ bore up for the frigates, which were making slow progress owing to the crippled state of the prize, which had been much damaged both in her masts and hull. They deserted her about 3-30 p.m., and the ''Boadicea" coming up about 5 o'clock, towed her back to St. Paul's, where she arrived on the 15th. On the morning of the 18th three ships having appeared Capture of in the offing, the Commodore made sail after them, ^dreoaptoe They turned out to be the French frigate *' Venus" and ^ t^« , "Ceylon." the corvette '^ictor,'^ the latter having in tow the British frigate " Ceylon " ^ of 32 guns, which they had captured > An Indiaman of 672 tons, which had been bought by the British Goremment in 1805 and armed as a^frigate. 308 HISTORY or THE MADRAS ABHY. CHAP. XXI. on the preceding day. The ^' Victor " cast off the prifse about 8 P.M. and stood off to the eastward. The ^'Boadi- cea^' came up with the ''Venus'^ about 5 p.m. and com* polled her to strike her colors in about ten minutes. She had lost her mizen mast and topmasts in the action with ^e '' Ceylon^'' and consequently made a poor defence. Lieutenant-General the Honorable John Abercrombie, Commander-in-Chief at Bombay, who had recently been appointed to command the troops destined for the Mau* ritius, and Major Caldwell of the Madras Engineers, were both on board the " Ceylon.'* Lieutenant-Qeneral Sir Samuel Auchmuty succeeded Major-Greneral Oowdie in command of the army of Fort St. George on the 27th September 1810. OeneralAbar* orombie. Ws. Anohmnty oommandii ISIO. Capture or the Mauritius, 1810. The embarkation of the troops ^ from Madras destined for the expedition against the Mauritius^ began on the 1 • Buropean Offloers. ^ • Buropean Non-com- missioned rank and file. Native Officers. Non-oom- missioned rank and file. * J 1 Detachment H.M.'s 26th dra- goons Detachment 1st battalion artil- lery H.if.'s i2th reimnent H.M.'s SOth do. Detachment H.M.'s 22Rd regi- ment Detachment H.M.'s eoth regi- ment Detachment H.M.'s 86th ragi- ment Detachment H.M.'s 89th regi- ment Madras volunteer battalion Details 1st of Oth, and 2nd of 12th •M.N.I Detachqpent let battalion pio- neers ... ... ... ... ,., Total ... 4 8 19 84 6 2 1 14 24 6 2 • 8 6 "2 18 100 60 624 1,110 51 82 9 324 2 1 • • • • > • • • • • • • • • •• • • 20 1 2 • « • • . a *•• « • i.6is 28 196 a • « • • • • • • 118 2,268 28 1.244 u 3r.B.— Besides the above. Major-General Warde second in command. 1 D.A.6. King's troops. 1 D.Q.M.O. King's troops. 8 Aidee-de-Camp. 1 Ensign of Bnsi- neer8,-8 Conductors. The whole were embarked by the 24th, eicept 400 M.V.B. detained for want o( tonnage. EI8T0BT or TBI MADRAS ASXT. 309 17ih September, and was concluded by the 24tli. On CHAP. XZI. the 6th November the squadron, and transports reached Bodrigues, where they found the Bombay contingent, but that from Bengal did not arrive until the 21st. The whole anchored in Grand Bay on the northern extremity of the Mauritius on the 29th idem, and the troops were Landing of landed without opposition on the afternoon of the same ^ ^' day. The following distribution of the force was made : — Formation of brigades. First hrigade,^IdtnaenatU- Colonel PtctonH.M.' 9 I2th. H.M.'s 12th and 22nd, and right wiog Madras volonteer battalion. Second brigade.'-^Lieutencbnt' Colonel Gihhs n.M.*8 b9ih. H.M.'s 59th, 800 89th, one company 87tb, left wing Madras volunteer battalion. Third brigade^ — LteatencmU Colonel Kelso- H.M.'6 14th, and 2nd Bengal volonteers. Fourth brigade. — Lieutenant- Colonel McLeod H,M.*8 69tK HM.'s 69th, Boyal marines 300, flank companies 6th and 12th M.N.I. Fifth brigade. — lAeiutenanU Colonel Smith H.M.*8 6bth* Troop H.M.'s 25th dragoons, H.M.'s 65th, and Ist Bengal volunteers. Reserve brigade. — LieutenanUOolonel Keating. Flank companies H.M.'s 12th and 33rd, H.M.'s 84th, two companies H.M.'s 56th. One company H.M.'s 14th and 89th, and a detachment of Bombay native infantry under Captain Imlach. The troops in Fort. Malartic near the head of the bay had quitted the place on the appearance of the fleet, and retired to Port Louis. 310 HI8T0BT OF THl MADRAS ABMT. Advanoe of thearmj. CHAP. XXI. The fifth brigade was left to secure the landing-place, """^ with orders to follow next daj with the ammunition and stores. The remainder of the force moved on at once alon^ the coast for about five miles, after which it bivouaced for the night. During this march the reserve brigade, which was in advance, was fired upon when emerging from a wood into the plain, but the enemy retired without making any stand. Colonel Keating, and Lieutenant Ashe of the 12th were wounded, and two men killed at this place. The march was resumed on the morning of the 30th, but the heat was so great that the force was obliged to halt and encamp at *^ Moulin a Poudre,'' about six miles from Port Louis. During the afternoon a reconnoitring party under General Decaen attacked our pickets and compelled them to retire, but being reinforced they rallied and drove back the enemy with some loss. Before day-light on the 1st December Colonel McLeod was detached with his brigade to take possession of the batteries at the bays of Tortue, and Tombeau, about a couple of miles to the right of the line of march, which service was successfully performed. About 5 o'clock the main body moved on towards Port Louis for about two miles, when it found the passage of the river Tombeau disputed by about 300 of the enemy with two field-pieces. They were soon driven back, and the troops crossed the bridge, but it would not admit of the passage of the guns, having been partially destroyed. This caused some delay, as the guns had to be sent to a ford lower down. Major O'Keefe H.M.'8 12th^ was killed in this affair. Affairt at the riren Tombean, andSddie. HISTORY OF THB MADRAS ARMT. 311 The troops were again opposed abont two miles further CHAP. XXI. On at the river Sdche, where Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell^ oommanding the European flank battalion, was killed. The enemy were driven back with the loss of about 100 men^ and pursued to the river Lataniers near the out- works of the town. The troops were then withdrawn beyond the range of the batteries^ and encamped for the night. A flag of truce was sent to the camp by the enemy the Surrender of next morning, and terms of capitulation having been agreed upon, they were ratified on the 3rd December^ when the whole island was surrendered, together with a large quantity of military and naval stores and ammuni- tion. 209 pieces of heavy ordnance were found upon the works. The frigates ''Bellone," "Minerve/' *'Manche/' Captured ** Astr^ '' and (late British) " Iphigenia,'' the corvettes ^^ " Victor*' and '* Bntreprenant/' with a new vessel of the same class, were taken in the harbour^ besides twenty- four merchant ships, some of which were of large burden. The English Indiamen '^ Charlton/' " Ceylon/' and Britiah ahips " United Kingdom " were recaptured, and about -2,000 '^P*"^ English seamen and soldiers, who had been taken pri- soners, were rescued from confinement. The French troops and seamen were not made prisoners Enemy's of war, but were sent to France with their arms and toF»noe! colors, and all their personal effects, at the expense of the British Government, far more favorable conditions than the enemy had any right to expect^ considering the great disparity of force. Our loss was only 28 killed, 94 wounded, and 45 miss- Casnaltiet. ing, 167 in all. Major Taynton of the Madras artillery, Lieutenant Eeappock H.M.'s 12th, and Lieutenant Jones 312 HT8T0BT or THI MADRAS ABMT. CHAP. XXI. Force of tiie enemj. Thanks to the troops. Thanks to the Madias native troops, 1812. H.M/s 84tli^ were wounded, besides the two officers pre- vionsly named. The French regnlar troops did not exceed l^SOOy of whom abont 500 were Irish, chiefly recmits taken out of captured Indiamen. The native militia were computed at about 10,000 men^ but they did not render any assistance to the French, haying been deterred, it was believed, by proclamations distributed by Captain Willoughby in Augpist at the time of his incursion from the *' Isle de la Passe/' The services of Major-General Warde, of the officers commanding brigades, of Major Taynton senior officer of artillery, of Major Caldwell Madras Engineers, and of the officers and men generally, were duly acknowledged by General Abercrombie in his report to the Gfovernor^ General, and on the 9 th February 1811 the force was thanked by the Governor-General in Council. The Madras troops returned early in 1812, when the following order was issued at Fort St. Greorge, dated 11th February 1812 :— ** The whole of the native troops employed on the late expe- dition against the Islands of Bourbon, and Mauritius having returned to Fort St. George, the Honorable the Gbvemor in Council performs a satisfactory part of his daty in requesting that His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief will be pleased to convey to the several native corps and detachments which served at the conquest of those islands, the public thanks of the Government for the alacrity with which they embarked on that service, for the gallantry which they displayed when opposed to the enemy, and for their uniform good oonduct on all occasions during the period of their absence firom the ooasi" Medals were granted shortly afterwards to the native troops, gan lascars included, but it was not until late HISTOBY 09 THB MADRAS ABHY. 313 in 1838 that they * were permitted to carry the word CHAP. XXI. '* Bourbon'' on their oolors and appointments.* The island of Bourbon was restored to the French after DiBposal of the peace in 1815. The Maaritios still remains in oar ® " possession. A noticeable feature of this expedition was the prompti- Volnnteering tude with which the native troops volunteered for the Mrvi^^*^ service the moment they heard it was in contemplation. The undermentioned corps are specified in the report which was made by the Commander-in-Chief to Gk>vem- ment on the occasion^ viE.> the 3rd and 6th cavaliy, the Ist battalion 5th, 1st of 6th, 2nd of 3rd, 2nd of 12th, 2nd of 21st, and the 2nd battalion of pioneers. The 2nd of the 20th, and 2nd of 25th volunteered at the same time to form a battalion which it was proposed to raise for duty at the settlement of Bencoolen ^ in Sumatra. The Gk)vemor-Generalj who was then at Madras, thanked the troops in an order dated 6th April 1810 for the *^ zeal, fidelity, and military spirit by which their conduct has been distinguished on this important occasion.'' Expeditions against thb Moluccas, 1809-10. Capture of Amhoyna^ 1810. In October 1809, the frigate '' Dover " of 38 guns, the '^ Comwallis " of 44 guns, and the sloop ^' Samarang " of 18 guns, sailed for the Dutch settlements in the Eastern Islands, having on board a detachment of Madras artil- ' 6th and 24th regiments M.N.I., and the " Sappers and Miners '* as representing the *' pioneers." The word *' Boorbon " had been granted to H.M.'s 69th, and 86th some years earlier. No honorary distinction was conferred for the oaptnre of St. Panl's, which, considering the smaU force at the disposal of Colonel Keating, was the most dadiing affair daring the expedition. ' Szchanged with the Dutch in 1824 for their possessionB in Malacca. VOL. III. 40 314 HI8T0£T Ol> THX MADBAS ABKY. . CHAP. XXI. lery under Captain Conrt^ and one of the Madras Euro* pean regiment nnder Captain Phillips. Captain Tacker of the '* Dover'' was in command of the whole. The expedition arrived at Amboyna on the ISth or 14th February 1810^ and anchored at some little diBtaiice from the land in order to reconnoitre the defences^ the principal of which was Fort Victoria with a battery on each flank. There were also two batteries on the heights above the town, with an interval of about 1^500 yards between them^ one named Wanitoo, and the other Battoo- Grantong. About 215 pieces of ordnance were mounted in the fort and lower works, and 21 in the hill batteries. The garrison consisted of ISO Europeans, 220 officers and seamen, and 1,000 natives. ' The boats left the ships with the troops about 1 a.x. on the 15th, but they missed the landing-plaoe in the dark, and a discharge of rockets from the fort indicating that the enemy were prepared, the attempt at a sorpriae was given up, and the boats returned to the squadron. About 2 P.M. on the 16th, after a further reconnois- sance had been made, the troops ^ landed under oover of the fire of the ships. One party, composed of 80 artillery- men, 85 seamen and marines from the '' Dover,^' and a company of the European regiment, all under Captain Phillips, advanced against the battery at Wanitoo, which was soon carried, and three of the guns turned against Battoo-Ghmtong under the direction of Lieutenant Duncan Stewart,' who, although wounded, continued his exer- tions. Captain Phillips, leaving a small party in Wani- too, proceeded to attack Battoo-Gantong, but finding ' Ariilleiy 46^ Madras Snzopeaii regiment ISO, seamen and ma riae s 225, totol 400. ' 1st battaUon 25th regiment MJ^.I., doing dnty with the artiUeiy. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARKY. 315 the approach barred by an impracticable ravine^ he was CHAP. XXI. obliged to desist. In the meantime the other party, led by Captain Coart, composed of 15 artillerymen, 140 seamen and marines from the '^ Comwallis ^' and ^^ Samarang,'' and a company of the European regiment under Captain Forbes, turned the position at Battoo-Gantong, and having gained a height which commanded it, the enemy retired about sunset and left it in our possession. During the advance of the troops against the batteries on the heights, a heavy fire was kept up by the fleet on the fort and shore batteries, and during the night the party in possession of Battoo-Gantong was reinforced by 40 men under Captain Spencer of the '* Samarang/' . Early on the 17th fire was opened from the heights on the fort and town, and the commandant, having been called upon to surrender, forwarded articles of capitula- tion,^ and the place was given up the next day. The capitulation included the whole island, and the Capitnlation. dependencies of Saparoua, Hila, Haroeko, Laricque, Bouro, andManipa. Five armed ships, and six merchant-men, fell into our Prise, hands, and the value of the public property captured was estimated at * £300,000. The Dutch and Javanese troops were sent to Java, and the Amboynese,' who were well disposed towards us, were taken into our service. Our loss was extremely small, viz., 1 seaman, 1 marine, > Oeneral Daendeli, Governor «nd Commaoder-in-Ghief of the Datoh ■ettlementSy adopted veiy aoFere meaenrea agaiast the principal ofBoetv eonoemed in the capilnlalion. Golonal Fita, the Gommaadaat, waa ezeonted, and the Ciril Qovenior diimJMed and diifraoed. ' Appendix F. * Appendix G. 316 HISTORY OF THI MADRAS ARMY. Casnalties. Manado. CHAP. XXI. and 2 privates of the Earopean regiment killed ; 1 Lieuten- ant and 1 corporal of artillery^ 4 seamen, 1 marine, and 4 privates of tlie European regiment wounded. The Dutch settlement at Manado, on the north-eastern coast of the island of Celebes, was taken possession of by Captain Tucker about the end of May, in order to pre- vent the supply of provisions from thence to the islands of Banda-Neira and Temate, which it was intended to attack on the arrival of reinforcements expected from India. Lieutenant Nelson of the European regiment, with a few of his own men, and a party of Amboynese, was left in charge of the post. The conduct of the troops received the special commend- ai|Jon of the Oovemor-General, who caused the report of Captain Court to be published at Fort St. George on the 6th May 1810. Thanks to the troop*. Capture of Banda-Neira^ 1810. On the 6th May 1810 two companies of the Madras European regiment under Captain Nixon, with Lieuten- ants Brown and Dacre, sailed from Madras for Amboyna in the frigates '^ Caroline^' and ^* Piedmontaise ^' of 36 and 38 guns respectively, and the 18 gun brig ** Barracouta.'' Captain Cole of the ''Caroline,'^ who commanded the squadron, having received permission from Admiral Drury to attempt the reduction of the Banda group of Spice Islands, touched at Penang, where he took in some military stores and a number of scaling ladders. The ''Barracouta'' was detached to MfiJacca, where she embarked 20 men of the Madras artillery and a couple of field-pieces under the command of Lieutenant Yeates. These preparations having been completed, the squaSbron HISTOBT or THE MADRAS ARHT. 317 proceeded on the voyage^ and after having taken in water CHAP. XZI. and provisions at the Snla Islands it arrived off Gb^at Banda on the 8th Angnst. Banda-Neira^ the principal island, separated from Great Banda by a narrow strait, was selected for attack. Abont two miles long, and three-quarters of a mile broad, it was defended by two strong forts, Belgica and Nassau, and by several detached batteries. The number of guns in the several works amounted to 138, of which 52 heavy pieces of cannon were in Fort Belgica. Captain Cole having determined to attempt a surprise, a party of 200 men, composed of seamen, marines, artil- lerymen, and infantry, left the ships at midnight. The boats assembled under the bluff point of Qreat Banda abont 2 a.m. on the 9th, and then pushed off towards Banda-Neira, where the men landed in a heavy squall an hour and a half before day -light. A battery close to the beach was instantly attacked, and carried by a party of seamen armed with pikes, under the command of Captain Kenah, and Lieutenant Carew of the *' Barracouta.^^ The sentry was killed, and an officer • and several men taken prisoners without creating any alarm in the other works. Leaving a small guard in the battery, the detachment advanced against Fort Belgica with the ladders and seamen in front, and^ although the enemy were on the alert, the assault was made with such speed and resolu- tion that the place was esoaladed and taken by 5-30 a.m. without the loss of a man. The colonel commandant, and 10 of the garrison were killed, 4 officers and 40 artillerymen were taken prisoners ; the rest made their escape. Shortly after day-light the men-of-war stood into the harbour, and as Fort Belgica commanded the town as well as the other works, the enemy, finding them- selves between two fires, surrendered the settlement 318 HISTORY OF THl MADRAS ARKT. CHAP. ZXI. nnoonditionallyy together with the several islands ^ depen- ^~^ dent thereon. The garrison consisted of 700 regular troops and 800 militia. Thanks to This brilliant and sucoessfal, although extremely haz- ^ ardoas enterprise, was daly appreciated by the Gh>Temor- Oeneral^ who^ in an order dated at Fort William on the 16th February 1811^ thus expressed himself : — " His Lordship in Gouncil considers the rapid conqnesi of a place so strongly fortified by nature and by art as the island of Banda, in the face of a superior force, without the loss of a man, as forming a singular event in the annals of British enterprise, and the Goyemor-Oeneral in Council has great pleasure in recording a public testimony of the appro- bation and applause with which he contemplates tbe distin- guished zeal and gallantry of the Commanding Officer of the troops. Captain Nixon, and the courage, discipline, and firm- ness of the general body of the officers and troops under his direction, in carrying into effect, with such signal and rapid success, the plan of operations for the reduction of that settle- ment, concerted by Captain Cole of His Majesty's Ship « Caroline.' " Lieutenant Yeates ' doing duty with the artillery, and Ensign Allen ' who had volunteered from Penang^ also received the thanks of the Governor-General, conveyed in a separate letter to Captain Cole, dated 23rd Novem- ber 1810. Caftube of Ternatb, 1810. On the 21st August 1810 a detachment under the com- mand of Captain David Forbes of the Madras European Begiment, with Lieutenants Charles Forbes, andCursham of the same corps^ embarked on board H.M/s ship > Greftt Banda, Goonong Api, Boienflgeii, Polo Ay, Polo Bhoii, * ftid battftlion 18th MN.I. s 2ik1 bftttaUon 2lBt ILK.I. mSTOBT 09 THl HABEAS ABUT. 319 *' Dover'' at Amboyna on the requisition of Captain CHAP. XXL Tucker, for an attempt npon the island of Temate, the last remaining possession of any consequence in the Molucca seas still in the hands of the Dutch. The town was defended by Fort Orange, and the detached works of Kayo-Meira, and Kota-Barro. The garrison was composed of 500 disciplined infantry^ 203 European inhabitants and seamen, and 500 native soldiers. The island was sighted on the 25th, and the troops ^ left the ship on the night of the 27th, but the landing was not effected until 7 a.m. on the 28th, when Captain Forbes marched inland with the object of gaining a hill which was supposed to command Kayo-Meira. The hill was reached about noon, but nothing could be seen fix>m it owing to the thickness of the forest. After resting his men, Captain Forbes proceeded in the direction of the fort for a short distance, when, finding the road rendered impassable by large trees which had been cut down and thrown across it, he turned to the right and made his way, with much difficulty, along the course of a stream, to the beach, which he reached about 10 p.m., and he then found himself within about 800 yards of the fort. He immediately advanced, but had not gone above fifty yards, when he was discovered by an outlying picket, which opened fire. Captain Forbes, however, pressing forward, crossed the ditch, and the fort was speedily esca- laded and taken with trifling' loss owing to the darkness of the night, and the rapidity of the advance. One officer, and sixty-eight men were taken prisoners. A number made their escape. 1 European infantry, and artillery 74, maxines 86^ seamen 82, Axnbqy- nes 32 ; total 174. ' Killed 8, wounded 14. 320 HISTOBT or THB MADRAS ASmr. CHAP. XXI. The wind and current were so strong against Captain Tucker that he did not succeed in laying the '* Dover " opposite the battery at Kota-Barro (between Kayo-Meira and Fort Orange) until about 2 p.m. on the 29th, when he quickly silenced it^ and passed on towards another shore battery, in doing which he became exposed to Fort Orange; and .the gunners in Kota-Barro reopening firo. Captain Tucker was obliged to return, and had nearly regained his former position when Eota-Barro was attacked in rear and taken by Lieutenant Gursham, who had been sent from Eayo-Meira by Captain Forbes for that purpose. The guns of the battery were then tamed upon the town, and the ** Dover '' coming to close action with Fort Orange, the place surrendered about 5 p.m. Ninety mounted, and twenty-nine dismounted guns, and mortars were found in the several works. The colors of the Fort Kayo-Meira, and those of the European regiment in garrison at Fort Orange were sent to Amboyna for transmission to India. Captain Forbes remained in command at Temate. The Gk)vemor-G-eneral thanked the detachment in t&e same general order which was published regarding the capture of Banda* '* The Governor-General in Council considers the expression of his high commendation to be equally due to the gallantry and exertions of Captain D. Forbes, and of the officers and men under his command, so conspicuously displayed in the ^ attack of the fortified places on the island of Temate, under the general superintendence, and authority of Captain Tucker of H.M.'s ship " Dover/* the success of which was followed by the surrender of that important possession to the British Ord&anoe. Colon. Thanks to the troops. arms* i# Bestoration Amboyna and the other islands remained in our posses* 181^"^"^*' sion until 1816, when they were restored to the Dutch in HI8T0BT or THI MADRAS ABMT. 321 conformity with the terms of the Convention of August CHAP. XXL 1814. "~ Daring the interval between their capture and restora- European tion, the detachment of the European regiment was em- e^^^^ - ployed on several occasions against pirates in the island of Celebes and elsewhere^ and some of the officers were employed in political situations of importance. Captain D. Forbes was appointed Deputy Governor of Banda^ and while holding that office, he quelled/ with a party of his regiment, at the requisition of Mr. Martin, the Governor of Amboyna, an insurrection in the island of Poran, which the Bengal troops had &iled to suppress. Lieutenant C. Forbes, Assistant to the Resident at Palembang in Sumatra^ was permitted, at the special request of the Resident, to retain his appointment after the return of his regiment to India. Captain Richard FhiUips, Resident, and Commandant at Macassar under the Government of Batavia, received the acknowledgements of the Supreme (Government for his valuable services, and on the receipt, at Batavia, of the intelligence of his death at Macassar on the 8rd December 1814, a general order was published by the Lieutenant-Grovemor in Council, expressing their sense of his great merits, and of the loss sustained by the public service owing to his premature decease. Several officers,^ and a number of the men of the regi* ment died in the islands owing to the unhealthiness of the climate. Northern Ciacabs, 1810-12. During 1810 detachments of the 1st battalion 11th, Gk>kxmd«h, 1st of the 16th, and 2nd of the 21st regiments were 1 Servioes of the First Madras Buropean BegixnoBt, page 408. * Lieatenant Davenant died at Baada 1811, Captain Phillips at Macas- sar, 1814. Lieatenant Daore at Banda Neira 1814, Captain Forbes at Banda 1816. Lieatenant Carberry at Temate 1815, and Assistant Bozgeon Milne at Banda 1811. VOL. 111. 41 322 HisTOBT or thi kadras ABmr. CHAP. XXI. freqaently employed against refractory zemindars in Ae hill districts of Vizagapatam, and also against freebooters in the neighboarhood of Bajahmnndry. Reddy Norsimha Deo, one of the principal insurgents^ was taken in Golcondah daring September, and Naganah Dorah, and other leaders having fled, that part of the ooontry became quiet for the time. Palooodah, Early in 1811 Yiziaram Bauze, ex-Zemindar of Pal- condah, assembled a body of men near Veeragottum^ about 13 miles from the town of Palcondah, and began to collect the revenue from the adjacent villages, and to commit depredations. Martial law was proclaimed ; a brigade under Lieutenant-Colonel Fletcher, composed of the 1st of the 10th, the 1st of the 11th, and a couple of guns, was sent into the zemindary, and after a harassing service which lasted for about a year, Viziaram Bauze escaped into the Nagpore country, and order was re- stored. The 1st of the 10th suffered very severely from ferer, having had upwards of 500 men in hospital.. The Ist of the 11th, having been more accustomed to the climate of the Circars, was comparatively healthy. AVZILIABT FOBCI AT GoA, 1809-13. On the SOth January 1810, the Auxiliary Force at Groa, composed of H.M.^s 78th regiment, the 2nd battalion 2nd, 2nd battalion 10th, and 1st battalion 18th M.N.I , with detachments of artillery and pioneers, was transferred from the Bombay establishment to that of Fort St. George. In May 181 1 the command of this force devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel A. McCally of the 10th, in successioii to Lieutenant-Colonel Adams, H.M.'s 78th, ordered on service to Java with his reg^iment. The Madras troops, which had been £rst sent to Groa in 1809 to assist the Portuguese in event of any attack HISTORY Of THB HADRAS ABMT. 323 on the part of the French, were recalled within the limits OHAP* XXI. of their own Presidency in April 1813. Conquest or Java^ 1811-12. The practicability of the conquest of Java, which^ together with the other settlements of the Dutch in the Eastern seas, had been incorporated into the French Empire, had, for some time, been under consideration by the Bengal Government, but the undertaking was post- poned until after the capture of the Mauritius, when preparations were made both at Madras, and in Bengal, which were completed early in 1811, and Lieutenant- General Sir Samuel Auchmuty, Commander-in-Chief at Madras, was appointed to command the expedition. The force from Madras sailed in two divisions, ^ one on the 18th April under Colonel Gillespie, H.M.'s 25th dragoons, and the other on the 29th under Colonel Gibbs, H.M*'8 59th foot. The last division was accompanied by the Commander-in-Chief. The whole, amounting to about > Firtt 2>»vmon.--Hor8e artillery 152, 22iid dragoons 2€0, 14Ui Foot 920, 59tli 476, 89th 549, Madras Europeans (as pioneers) 87, gon lasoars 106, tent lasoars 122, Dooly corps 97, artificers 45, pnokallies 56 ; total, with officers, 2,926. 8ee4md DitnMon. — Horse artillevy 7, 22nd dragoons 154, Boyal artiUery 94, 14th Foot 10, 69th 530, 69th 858, 78th 1,054^ Ist battalion pioneers 144^ 2nd battalion pioneers 166, gan lascars 99, tent lascars 210; total 8,325. Grand Total, with officers, 6,251. Btaff. Major-Cfeneral F. A. Wetherall, Second in command. Colonels Gillespie, Gibbs, and Lieutenant-Colonel Adams, H.M.'s 78th regiment, commanding brigades. Colonel P. A. Agnew, 21st M.N.I., Adjutant-General. Colonel Bden, 84th Foot, Quartennaster-General. Mi^or P. VansAgnew, 24th M.N.I., Deputy Adjutant-General. Major Burslem, 14t)i Foot, Deputy Quartermaster.General. Captain Carroll, 69th Foot, Assistant Adjutant-General. Lieutenant Hanson, 14th M.N.I., Assistant Quartermaster-GeneraL Lieutenant.Colonel Colin Mackenzie, Madras Engineers, Chief Engi- neer. 324 HI8T0ET or THI KADRA8 AXMY. CHAP. XXI. 10^800 men inclading the troops from Bengal> anchored off the nortli coast of Jaya on the 2nd Aagnst. Landing of The village of Chillingsi in the bay of Batavia, about ten miles east of the town of that name, having been fixed npon for the disembarkation of the troops, the fleet ran for that place^ and the landipg was effected before dark on the 4th without opposition. The army then moved on about two miles and halted, one division being on the road to the town of Batavia^ sod the other fronting in the direction of the lines of Comelisi situated about eight miles south of the town. Ooonpation A general advance towards the capital was made on ^d of ^^***^ the 5th, and on the 8th the town was occupied without Weitevreedea opposition, having been abandoned by the enemy. On the 10th the army took possession of the cantonment at Weltevieeden, about four miles direct south of the town, and half way to Comelis. About a mile beyond the Action on cautonmeut there was a strong position, defended by a division of French and Dutch troops under General Jumel* This division was attacked and speedily driven back in disorder to the defences at Comelis. Lieutenant Driffield, Captain Farqohar, Lientonant Garrard, Ensigns Follerton, Sin, OoTentry, Anderson, and Proby, Madras Engineers, doing duty nndflr the Chief Engineer. Doing duty vyiih Corps and Departments. Captains Dnrand, 6th M.N.I., and Mears, 17th M.N.I. LientenaDte Stewart, 16th M.X.f., Low (Lientenant-General Sir John Low, k.cb.), 24th M.N.I. Bayley, nth H.N.I., Joordan, 10th M.N.I., Clode,25lh M.N.T., Dalgaims, 7th M.N.I., and Marr, 8rd M.N.I. Two Surgeons, and eleven Assistant Snrgeons * attached to the Staff* Bengal Division, GoTemor*General's Bodj-goard 107, two oompanies Bengal artillerj 160, six battalions of Native infantry, vis., Ist battalion 80th regi- ment 1,601 (afterwards 26th B.N.I.), four battalions of yolnnteers 8,58S and a light infantry battalion 676, pioneers 861. * John Leyden, the poet, an Assistant Sorgeon on the Madras Estab- lishment, but doing dnty in Bengal, died on this servioe. the 10th. J HIBTOST or TBI HADBA8 ABXT. 325 Madras horse artillery, died on the 28th of wounds CHAi*. XXI. received in this action. This corps was highly praised by Colonel Qillespie in his despatch of the 11th : ''I cannot say too much of Captain Noble, ajid the officers and men under his command, who so gallantly fonght the two guns that drew a most terrible fire from the enemy ; indeed the zeal and ability displayed by Captain Noble throughout this service demand my particular commend* ation.^' The force of the enemy was estimated at about 17,000 Entrench, men, European and native, of whom 13,000 were in the comelis. lines at Comelis under the Qovemor, GeneralJansens. The position was extremely formidable, being an eur trenched camp between the unfordable river Jacatra^ and the Slokan canal, defended by redoubts and batteries containing about 280 guns and mortars mounted on the works. The army broke ground before Comelis on the 14th, and the batteries were completed on the 21st. Early on the morning of the 22nd the enemy made a sortie but were repulsed. The preparations for the assault were completed on the 26th, by which time our casualties amounted to about 200 officers and men killed and wounded, amongst whom were Captain-Lieutenant Shepherd of the Madras European Regiment, serving with the 1st battalion pioneers, killed during the sortie of the 22nd, and Ensign Norman McLeod, 1st battalion 6th regiment N.I., also doing duty with the pioneers, who was mortally wounded at the same time. The troops marched soon after midnight, and the ABnanitand assault began at daybreak on the 27th. The principal ^^^.° attack was made by the column under Colonel Gillespie, supported by a brigade under Colonel Gibbs. This 326 HISTORY OP THB MADRAS A«fT. CMualties. CHAP. XXI. colamn was headed by a company of the 14th Foot under *^~" Lieutenant Coglan, followed closely by a detachment of Madras pioneers under Captain Smithwaite (1 st battalion 19th M.NJ), commanding 2nd battalion pioneers. The second attack was under Lieutenant- Colonel McLeod of the 69th^ the third under Lieutenant-Colonel Wood, Bengal Volunteers^ and the fourth under Major Yale of the 20th B.N.I. After a severe struggle the enemy gave way^ were forced from all their entrenchments, put to total rout, and pursued for about ten miles by the oavalry^ under Major Travers of the 22nd dragoons, and by the Madras horse artillery under Captain Noble. Great numbers were killed, and 6,000 taken prisoners, amongst whom was a regiment of Voltigeurs recently arriyed from France. Our loss amounted to about 648j killed, wounded, and missing. Fifteen officers were killed or died of their wounds, thirteen of whom belonged to the Boyal, and two to the Bengal army. Besides the 280 pieces of ordnance mounted on the works, 150 were found in the entrenched camp. The whole number captared at Comelis, and at the citadel of Batavia, amounted to 204 brass, and 504 iron guns and mortars, and a very large quantity of ammunition and stores fell into our hands. General Jansens fled to the eastward, and was followed to Gheribon^ by part of the fleet with a Bengal Volunteer battalion under Colonel Wood. The place was surren- dered, but the General having escaped to Samarang,' he was followed early in September by Gteneral Auchmuty. Gapinred ordnance andftorea. Pannit of General Janaens. 1 On the northern coast of the iBlandt about 198 miles eaat-oont^* east from Batavia. >0u the northern coast of the island, Lat. ^ 6ff S., Long. IIO" 2r B. J HISTOUT OF THX MADRAS ABVT. 327 The troops landed on the 12thj and on the 16th they CHAP. XXI. came in sight of the enemy in a strong position at Jata, ~" six miles from Samarang. They were about 8,000 strongs principally natives^ with 20 gans. The detach- ment under General Anchmuty, composed of a few companies of the 14th and 89th foot, one company of Bengal volunteers^ and a party of artillery and pioneers^ did not exceed 1,200 men. This small body advanced without hesitation^ but the enemy made no stand, and retreated upon the fort at Onarang^ about four miles further on. Being pursued at once, they dispersed. General Jansens^ finding further resistance hopeless^ Surrender of proposed a capitulation, and on the 17th September a *^®"^«^^* treaty was sigDed, by which the island and dependencies were surrendered to Great Britain. Colonel P. A. Agnew, Adjutant-General to the expedi- General tion, was sent to England with the despatches early in retnrnB^to October, and the Commander-in-Chief, having made India, arrangements for the transport to India of part of the cavalry and artillery, H.M.'s 69th, and the head-quarters and a wing of the 89th, made over the command of the ' remaining troops to Colonel GHUespie, and embarked for Madras. On the 14th January 1812, a letter from the Governor- Thankg of General in Council, dated 26th December 1811, was g:^^^ published to the army, in which His Excellency the Comniander-in-Chief was thanked for his eminent services during the expedition. Those of the officers and men were also duly acknowledged in the same letter. On the 2Srd May, a general order was issued by the Prmoe Commander-in-Chief, in which he communicated to the ^^®'**» ^®^** troops the approbation of His Royal Highness the Prince Segment for the distinguished gallantry, and spirit dis- played during the several operations in Java, more partic- 328 HISTORY or thk icadbab AEirr. CHAP. XXI. tilarly at the assault and capture of the entrenchmentB. Medals^ were granted to all thenatiye troops, and to such of the superior European officers, as had disting^iahed themselves. Lord Minto, the Governor-General, was raised to ao earldom. ExpxDiTioN TO Palsmbako, 1812. The Sultan of Palembang' in Sumatra having destroyed the Dutch factory at that place, and murdered the people belonging to it duriug September 1811, a detachment' under Colonel Gillespie proceeded against him in March 1812. The Colonel arrived off the Palembang river by the middle of April, and the troops went up it in boats towards the town, distant about sixty miles. On the morning of the 25th, when close to the place, intelligence was received of the flight of the Sultan, upon which Colonel Gillespie, pushing on with a few officers and men, landed about 8 o'clock at night, when he found the town in a state of tumult, the troops of the Sultan being engaged in firing the houses, and plundering the inhabitants. Passing quickly through the excited crowds, he reached the palace unmolested, and was joined, soon after mid- night, by a party of the 89th under Major Trench. The next day an investigation was commenced, which resulted in the confirmation of the accusations against the Sultan, upon which he was formally deposed, and the sovereignty conferred upon his brother. Colonel Gillespie returned to Java about the end of May, having taken possessioa of the island of Banca on his way, and placed therein a > On the 26th Deoemher 1830 the corps of ICadns Bnginaem, tke Horse Brigade of artillery, and the 2nd Battalion Fioneen wars per- mitted to bear the word " JAVA '* on their appointments In oominent^ ra^on of their services in the reduction of that island. 'A ICalay principality at the sonthem end of Snmatra, opposite tka island of Banca, from which it is separated by a strait. ' Detachments Madras horse and Bengal foot artillery, 68tb wai 89th, and Bengal Volnnteers. J HI8T0RT OT THl MADRAS ABMT. 329 detachment under the command of Captain Mears,^ 17th CHAP. XXI. M.N.I.y who had raised a native battalion in Java. Further Opxbatiohs in Java, 1812. The Sultan of Mataram, one of the aouthem districts of the island, having called upon other native chiefs to assist him in expelling the British, a force ' was sent against him under Colonel Gillespie, which came before the capital at Djojo-carta' on the 17th June 1812. The principal fort, called the Kraton or palace, was an Biorm of the oblong quadrangular, enclosed by a good rampart with a bastion at each angle, the whole surrounded by a broad wet ditch. It was garrisoned by about 15,000^ men, and defended by nearly 100 guns. The place was attacked and carried on the 20th, with Baoognition the loss of 99 killed and wounded, after a contest of ^ ■®'^®*"' three hours. Great numbers of the enemy were killed. Captain Budyard, and Lieutenant Black of the Madras horse artillery were amongst those thanked for conspic- uous gallantry. During the advance of the second detachment of the force into Mataram, Lieutenant«'Colonel McLeod, who was in command, found it necessary to communicate with Captain Byers of the Boyal artillery, who was a day's march behind. This service, which was extremely hazardous, owing to the numerous scattered parties of the enemy, was performed by gunner John O'Brien, Hadras horse artillery, who was thanked in general orders and rewarded with a gold medal. 1 Thia officer was killed on the 15th September 1812 in the attack on a stockade held by the ez-Saltan of Palembang. * Detachments H.M.'b 22nd dragoons, Boyal, Bengal, and Uadrat artillery, 14th, 59th and 78th foot and Bengal volunteers. > Also called Todhja-carta and Taghya-carta. . * Some writers say 17,000 ; Sir T. Stamford Baffles says from 10,000 to 15,000. VOL, III. 42 330 EI8T0BT or THI XADftAB ABICT. OompUment- aiy orden, 1812.18. H.H.*i 89Ui. CHA.P. XXI. Hostilities ceased with this capture. The following orders were afterwards issaed regarding the services of certain corps and individuals during the expedition, and our subsequent occupation of the islaiicL In a general order published at Fort St. (George on the 10th October 1812, the detachment of H.M.'s 89tli under Major Trench, which had recently returned to Madras, was thanked for the exemplary zeal, gallantrjj and subordination which it had displayed since being separated from regimental head-quarters. On the 22nd July 1813 the following order by Colonel Gillespie was published at Fort St. George by the Commander-in-Chief. Hoite artillery. ** Head Quarien, WeUe Vreeden, 27ih May 1813. '' On the return of the Madras horse artillery to ik&r Presidency, the Commander of the forces cannot better evince the high opinion he entertains of their merit, than bj ft short review of the active services in which they have bea engaged under his personal command. Placed in the advance of the army, Major-General Gillespie had early an oppor- tunity of discerning the character of the corps, and their conduct on every occasion confirmed his first impression of the value of their services. In the successive achievements of the 10th, and the memorable 26th of Aug^t 1811, their exertions, directed by that experienced officer Captain Noble, eminently contributed to the glory acquired to the British arms ; and the brigade employed under Captain Budyard at Palembang, and Djojokarta were conspicuous for the gaUani conduct which so honorably marked their first career. '' The Commander of the forces also ofEers his thanks to Captain Budyard and the officers, for the discipline and highly creditable appearance the corps has uniformly main- tained ; and will perform a pleasing duty in communicating these his sentiments to the Commander-in-Chief, and to the authorities undef whom they will eventually be placed* HISTORY OF THl MADRAS ABXY. 331 *' The Commander of ihe forces regrets that the medal CHAP. pcxi. "which it was his intention personally to present to John O'Brien in commemoration of his gallant conduct near I>jojokarta has not yet been received from Bengal ; it wHl, however, be forwarded to Madras throagh the regular channel." The detachment H.M/8 23nd dragoons, when about to h.m.'s 22nd return to India in June 1818, were thanked for their "•*^'"- services by the Major-General, more especially for '' that gallant and decisive charge, which, by overthrowing the retro^ting columns, occasioned the final dispersion of the army at CorneUs, and secured an earlier termination to the campaign." The same order concluded with the following para* graph:— '* The Commander of the forces has equal pleasure in pioiMcrt. recording his sense of the conduct of the detachment of the Madras pioneers commanded by Lieutenant Stuart,^ who have been uniformly distinguished by a seal and steadiness, and patient enduring under trying circumstances, which have rendered their services eminently useful, and themselves deserving of particular regard and consideration." On the departure of Lieutenant-Colonel Mackenzie of Colonel the Engineers for India, an order, from which the follow- chief ing are extracts, was issued by the Lieutenant-Governor *"»«»»••'• in Council at Batavia, and republished at Fort St. George on the 10th September 1813 :— ** The Honorable the Lieutenant-Governor in Council avails himself of the opportunity afforded by the approaching departure of Lieutenant-Colonel Colin Mackenzie, Chief Engineer on the expedition to Java, to render to that distin- * gnished officer his peculiar acknowledgments, and to testify > LimienMit O. M . Steaart lit battalkm 24th H.I., doing duty with t he 2nd battalion pioneers. ' 332 HI8T0BT or THl MADIUS ARXT. CHiiP. XXL his nnreserredapprobiktioii of the seal, ability, and luiwearied applicatioii which he has displayed on this iBland. '* Lientenaat-Golonei Mackensie has, since the conquest of Java, been employed, under the sanction and authority of the Bight Honorable the (Jovemor.Oeneral, in collecting sod arranging the topographical and military reports and surreys of the former goyenunent^ in inrestigating ilio history and antiquities of the island, and in ascertaining the state of the landed tenure, and the general condition of the inhabitants." • • • • ^ Under his superintendence, a general statistical table d the population and produce of the island has been compiled on principles which ensure its near approach to accuracy, and the answers which have been giyen to the queries, histor- ical, literary, and economical, circulated through the island at his suggestion, afford information of considerable interest and importance.*' • • • • '^Java must ever be considered as a great agrionltnnJ country, and as the granary of the Eastern Islands. To remove eyery restriction on the agriculture and toommeroe of the country is alike conduciye to the hapinnees of the people and to the interests of Qoyemment ; and the informa- tion and opinions furnished by Lieutenant-Colonel Mackenzie will enable the (Joyemment, in ameliorating and improying the general condition of the colony, to establish a more enlightened and adyantageous system of internal adminie- tration.*' • • # • Jftvm restored -^ conyention was entered into by Lord Gastlereagh tothe Dutch, during August 1814, restoring to the Dutch all their former possessions in the Eastern Islands, but Java was not actually made oyer until the 19th August 1816, when the flag of the Netherlands was hoisted at HISTORY or TBI MADRAS ARMT. 333 CHAP. XXI. Cavalry, 1810-11. On the 2lBt April 1810 orders were issued for the Yeterinary formation of a Yeterinary Establishment at the Presi- m^tyisio. dency under the immediate direction of the Commander- in-Chief, for the purpose '* of educating and instructing in the yeterinary art, a number of boys not exceeding 48, who will ultimately be posted to regiments of cavahry with the rank and pay of European Farriers.'' '' The boys to be educated at the Madras Yeterinary Establishment are to be enlisted for the service of the cavalry.'* The establishment was to be recruited from the '' Mill* tary Male Asylum and the Charity School, as far as those institutions can supply the number of boys required, or from such sources as he may deem most advisable in the event of those institutions not furnishing the required number of boys." A Yeterinary Surgeon was placed in charge of the establishment. During October of the same year the manner of wear- Swordi and ing the swords, which, up to that time, had been carried ^^^ in a shoulder belt, was altered. '* The swords of all ranks in the horse artillery and cavalry are to be carried in a waist belt of the breadth of 2^ inches, and the cartouch boxes over the left shoulder in a belt 3 inches in breadth." 334 HI8T0BT or THl MADRAS ABUT. CHAP. XXI. Hone 1610. Abtxllbbt, 1810. In March 1810 the troop of Natiye horse artillexy disbanded, and the sqoadron of European horse artillery was augmented to the undermentioned establishment, which was formed into two troops. 1 Captain Commanding.*' 2 Captain-Lieutesanta. 10 Sabaltenuk 1 Adjutant. 1 Quartermaster. 1 Burgeon. ^ 2 Qaartermasters. 1 Sub-AssiBtant Burgeon. 16 six-pounders with carri- ages and 16 tumbrils. • 1 spare carriage and 1 spare tumbril. 2 forges. 2 Artificer's carts. 1 Serjeant-Major. 1 Quartermaster-Ser- jeant. 1 Bidingmaster Ser- jeant. 1 Drill Corporal. 4 Bough Riders. 12 Serjeants. 8 Farriers. 4 Trumpeters. 12 Corporals. 24 Ounners. 240 Matrosses. 450 saddles and bridles. 820 sets of harness. 28 Officers' horses. 450 Regimental horses. 1 Conicopoly. 9 Packallies in meut- 8 Artificen in the FiM. 2 Maistry Carpenters. 2 Maistry Smiths. 8 Carpenters. 8 Smiths. 8 Armourers. 8 Bellows Boys. 8 Hammermen. 4Chnoklers. 4 Cbickledars. HISTORY or TBB MADBAB ABUT. 335 Artificers in Canionmeni. OHAP. XZI. 1 Maistrj Carpenter. 1 Maistry Smith. 2 Oarpentere. 2 Smiths. 2 Armourers. 2 BeUowB Boys. 2 Hammermen. 1 Chnckler. 1 Cbickledar. - The officers and men of the native troop were drafted into the cayalry from the Ist of May. During October of the same year a Farrier-Major and a Tnunpeter-Major were added to the squadron. The Court of Directors in a general letter to the Madras Addiaoombo Grovemment, dated 4th May 1810, announced the estab- ^®'^8®* lishment of a College at Addiscombe for the education of Officers intended for the corps of Artillery and Engi- neers ; and in a subsequent letter, dated in November of No offioen to the same year, they pronounced the appointment, to com- i^ ^^e********* missions in these branches of the service, of persons other Artillery or than those properly educated and qualified, to be incon- except from sistent with their views. They at the same time directed coUeflm!"' the Oovemment to cancel certain commissions in the artillery, which had been granted to men in the inferior ranks. It appears that up to this time most of the Officers in the artillery had been educated at Woolwich at the expense of the Company, but in January 1811 the Court of Directors informed the Madras Grovemment that in future, all Officers of Artillery and Engineers would be sent from their own College ; that the selection for these corps would be made in England ; and that those appointed to the Engineers would be permitted to re- xnain at College for some time after their examination for the purpose of receiving further instruction. This pcurt of their general letter concluded as follows : — ** It is therefore our express desire that you should, in no case, fill up from the inferior ranks of the artillery, or from 336 HI8T0BT Of THK MADRAS ARXT. OHAP. XXI. the c^yalry or infantry, the ▼acancies which may occar among the Oommissioned Officers, either in your artillerj or engineer corps, but that npon the receipt of the list of Cadets intended for the latter service, yon do immediatelj post them to such vacancies as shall appear to have existed at the time when the said list was dated." fitore UMcars, On the 19th July 1811 it was ordered that the laacan 1811. in the Store Department should be formed into thirty- two companies, each company to consist of 1 syrang, 1 first tindal^ 1 second tindal, and 50 iascars. The following distribution of these companies was ordered at the same time, viz. : Presidency Division ll. Centre 2, Northern 3, Southern 3, Mysore 3, Ceded Dis- tricts 2, Hyderabad Subsidiary Force 3, Gun Carriage Manufactory 3, Malabar and Canara 1, Goa i, Quilon i HI8T0BT OF THE MA.DBAS ABHT. 337 CHAP. XXI. Enoiksebs, 1810. On the 6th November 1810 the following extract from a letter of the Court of Directors was published in general orders : — " We have taken into coDsideration the memorial of the Augmenta- tioxii 1810. Engineer Officers, and being satisfied by their representation that the promotion in that corps has not kept pace with that of the other branches of the military service, we have resolved upon the following establishment for the Engineers : Veu) Estahlishment. 1 Colonel. 2 Lieutenant- Colonels. 2 Majors. 9 Captains. 8 Lieutenants. 8 Eosigns. Present Estahlishment, 1 Colonel. 1 Lieutenant-Colonel. 2 Majors. 4 Captains. 4 Captain-Lieutenants. 8 Lientenants. 8 Ensigns. This establishment to be considered as having effect from the 1st January 1806. On the 9th October 1810 it was determined that the Department several officers then in charge of surveys should be placed under one superintending authority^ and with this view Lieutenant-Colonel Mackenzie of the Engineers was appointed Surveyor-General on a monthly salary of 400 Surveyor- pagodas (Rs. 1^400) with an allowance of 200 pagodas for draughtsmen^ clerks^ and office rent. The office of Surveyor-Greneral was placed immediately under Govern- ment^ but subject to the inspection of the Commander- in-Chief. The Surveyor-General was charged with the direction and superintendence of all surveys, and his office was made the repository of all geographical, sta- tistical, and topographical maps and plans, routes and memoirs, or reports connected with the state of the VOL. in. 43 338 msTOBT Of the madbab askt. CHAP. XXI. joonntry^ and all maps and papers of tliat descriptio& then deposited in other public offices were ordered to be transferred to the charge of the Sarveyor-Genenl. The Quartermaster-General was authorized to recei^ from the Snryeyor-General^ on application^ any maps vi papers that might be required from time to time, sad maps and papers to be returned at the earliest practi- cable period. Officers commanding troops in the field were, on application to Government, to be supplied with maps bj the Surveyor-General. Progress Reports of surveys were to be submitted to Government quarterly, and retm*ns of maps, planSj «^ instruments were to be made half-yearly. The appointment of Inspector of Revenue Surveys ^ discontinued, and the records and establishment of tltf^ office were made over to the Surveyor-General. Yoang A certain number of young officers attached to tk employed on Military Institution, not exceeding twenty, to be selecteJ ■™^^^^J»* by the Commander-in-Chief, were ordered to be pl«^ under the immediate direction of the Quartermaster- General for the survey of routes, passes, fortresses, m* the military objects of sach provinces as might b^ been the least explored. The maps and reports of these officers, and of tlu^ charged with the survey of the marches of detachmenA were to be sent to the Quartermaster-General, by wboi they were to be transmitted to the Survey Office ^ such parts of them as might seem to be required had beei copied. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARHT. 339 CHAP. XXI. European Infantry, 1810-11. The formation of a Commissariat Department, the Commlsflariat functions of which were to come into operation on the igxa " Ist December 1810, was ordered by Government in October. The Commissary-General was charged with the entire control and management of the several depart- ments theretofore conducted by Garrison Storekeepers, and also with that of certain details formerly managed by the Quartermaster-General. On the Ist December all previous orders and regulations Beg^iiatioiui. relating to the branches of the service placed under the Commissariat were annulled, and a new Code was pob- lished to the army, consisting of the undermentioned sections, viz. : — Section I. Grain and Provision Department. „ II. Victualling European Troops on the march from station to station, or in the field. „ III. Sapply of Military Stores. „ IV. Supplies for Cavalry. „ V. Barrack Department. ff VI. Supply of Bemount Horses. J, VII. Regulations for the Dooley Corps and Bearers. » II II Captain W. Morison of the artillery was appointed Officers. Commissary-Generaly with the official rank of Major and a seat at the Military Board. Seven officers were appointed Assistants, and four officers Sub-Assistants Commissary-General. III. Do. Public Cattle. IX. Do. Hired Cattle. X. Do. Military Bazars. XL Do. The Grain Department in the field. s:tt. Do. Provision do. do. 340 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XXI. The undermentioned redactions in the General Staff Redactions in were ordered to have effect from the 1st November, via.: — fita«L^^^^^ ^^® appointments of Assistant Adjutant^ and Assistant Qaartermaster-General of Divisions were abolished, and officers of the grade of Brigade Major^ and Brigade Quartermaster were nominated to perform the duties. The situations of Brigade Major in the Centre^ and in the Southern Divisions were abolished. The appointments of all Deputies Judge Advocate, with the exception of that at Hyderabad, were abolished. The proceedings at courts-martial were to bo conducted by officers specially selected for that purpose when re- quired. Field Officers were not to be considered eligible in future for the situation of Barrackmaster^ except at the Presidency^ and at Bangalore. The appointments of Town Major at Seringapatam, and of Fort Adjutant at Bangalore^ and at Cannanore, were to be discontinued from the 1st December. The situations of Superintendent of Bazars in Travan- core, at Goa^ and at Secunderabad^ were to cease from the same date. Arrangements for the performance of the duties of these officers were left to be made by the officer at the head of Commissariat. Tenare of Orders regarding the tenure of certain appointments pointmenti. ^^ ^^® General Staff were published on the 9th October. No officer to be eligible for the appointment of Adju- tant-General, or of Quartermaster- General^ unless holding the rank of Major in his regiment, or in the army by Brevet. No officer to be appointed Deputy Adjutant-General, or Deputy Quartermaster-General^ under the rank of a Captain of two years' standing. No officer to be appointed Assistant Adjutant-G(eneral, HISTORY OF THE MADRAS AKMT. 341 or Assistant Qaartermaster-General^ under the rank of a CHAP. XXI. Captain. No officer to hold any Staff appointment, except that of Aide-de-Camp, until after a service of four years in India. No Subaltern to be Aide-de-Camp until after a service of one year with his regiment. During October the Commander-in-Chief issued an Dress of ih» order prescribing certain alterationn in the dress of the *'™^' army. With the exception of the following, none of these seem to require any particular notice. " 2Dd. Clubs and Queues are abolished in all ranks, and the hair is, in fa tare, to be oat close to the neck — no powder to be worn on duty." " 5th. All Field Officers, whether by Brevet or otherwise, are to wear two epaulettes." " Captains of flank companies, who have the Brevet rank of Field Officer, are to wear wings in addition to their epaulettes." " Captains and Subaltern officers are to wear one epaulette on the right shoulder, excepting those belongiug to flank companies. Captains and Subaltern officers of flank com- panies are to wear a wing on each shoulder, with a grenade, or bugle horn on the strap, according as they belong to the grenadiers or light infantry. ^ Surgeons and Assistant Surgeons are not to wear either epaulettes or wings. They are to substitute a waist belt instead of the shoulder belt at present worn, and are not to wear a sash. " 9th. In lieu of pantaloons and half boots ; wide trousers with gaiters, or gaiter pantaloons, are permitted to be worn in the Engineers, artillery, infantry, and pioneers, bat all Field Officers in fall dress will still wear full boots and chain •purs. Regimental mounted Staff Offioers fall boots and plain spurs." 342 HI8T0BY OF THS HADRA8 ABHT. CHAP. XXI. ^ 12th. The non-commissioned offioero and privates of Enro- ""^ pean artillery and infimtry are to wear white trousers and white gaiters." *' 18th, The very onmilitary practice of offiotrs appearing ont of quarters without their swords and uniform is stricUy forbidden." Military In the month of November a letter was reoei^ed firom ^^^^' tbe Court of Directors in which they approved of the establishment of a Military Fund^ and authorised the Government to pay on that account an annual subscrip- tion of 5,000 pagodas. Royal On the 9th June 1810 His Majesty was pleased to issue gronted^to"* ^ warrant, by wbicli rank in the Royal Army in India Company's ^{^ ^ranted to officers in the Company's service. The offioen, 1811. . . i * commissions to bear the same date as those held by officers from the Company. The Commander-in-Chief in India, for the time being, was vested with the power to issue these commissions- The warrant in question was published to the army of Fort St. George on the 30th March 1811. Hedalfl for The following extracts from a letter from the Court of patam. * Directors, regarding the medals granted for the captore of Sering^patamj were published to the army on the 6th July 1808 :— ** Some time ago we caused a medal to be executed by one of the most eminent artists in this country, in commemoration of the brilliant success of the British arms in Mysore in 1799» for distribution amongst the officers and soldiers (European and Native) employed on that glorious occasion. On one side of it is represented the storming the breach of Seringapatani from an actual drawing on the spot, with the meridian sun denoting the time of the storm, with the following inscription in Persian underneath : The Fort of Seringapatam, the Gift of Ood, the 4th May 1799. On the reverseside is the Britiah Lion subduing the Tiger, the emblem of the late Tippoo Sol- HISTORY OT THE MADRAS ABUT. 843 tan's Qovernment, witli the period when it was effected, and CHAP. XXI. the following words in Arabic on the banner : * As8ad-oollah*nl "^^ Ohalib,' ^ flignifying the Lion of Qod is the Conqaeror, or the Conquering Ldon of Gt>d. '' Of these medals, gold ones have been stmck for His Majesty, the Right Honorable Lord Melville, theOovemors in India at the time, Marqtds Comwallis, the Nisam and his two Ministers, the Peshwa and his Minister, the Nabobs of Aroot and Onde, aind the Bajahs of Tanjore, Travancore, Mysore, Ooorg, and Berar, Dowlnt Bow Scindiah, the Com- mander-in-Chief, General Officers on the Staff employed on the service, and the Oriental Mnsenm. *^ Silver gilt for the Members of Council at the three Presi- dencies, the Residents of Hyderabad and Poonah, the Field Officers, and the General Staff on the service. **' Silver for the Captains lind Subalterns on the service* '< Copper bronze for the Non-Commissioned, and pure gravin tin for the Privates.'* The medals were not receired at Madras until January Distributed, 1811, when orders were issued for their distribution to ^^^^' survivors^ whether effective or otherwise, and also to the heirs of deceased persons who had been entitled. On the 5th April 1811 the undermentioned detail from Detail f6r tlie Madras European Regiment was warned to serve as g^^ pioneers with the expedition about to sail for Java, viz., 1 subaltern, 3 Serjeants, 3 corporals, and 30 privates. During the same month it was ordered that the three Vetera companies of European invalids should be embodied as ^^^ the nucleus of a Veteran battalion, to be denominated the " Camatic European Veteran Battalion/' to be paid and mastered as such from the 1st May. The battalion was to be divided into five companies, the Estabtish- strength of which was to be determined by circumstances, '"®"*' > Literallj " Lion of God, the Conqueror." 344 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ABMT. CHAP. XXI. bat the number of non-commissioned, corporals, Ac., was fixed at 5 Serjeants, 5 corporals^ 1 drummer^ and 1 fifer. 60 men, viz., 10 for each company, were to be selected from the invalids of artillery, and armed and clothed as gunners. The staff and artificers attached to the battalion were : Officers. Clothing. Btatioui. Increase to pensions. Boon to invalids. 1 Adjutant. 1 Surgeon. 1 Surgeon-Major. 1 Quartermaster-Serjeant. 1 Drum Migor. 1 Fife Major. 5 Puckallies. 2 Armourers. 1 Carpenter. 1 Smith. 1 Hammermau. 1 Bellows Boy. 1 Chickledar. 1 Chuckler. 4 Lieutenant-Colonels, 4 Majors, 12 Captains^ 12 Lieutenants, and 1 Ensign, all of the invaUd establish- ment, were posted to the battalion, and Lieutenant- Colonel F. Aiskill was appointed to command. The clothing was ordered to be red^ with grey facings and silver lace. The head-quarters were fixed at Masulipatam ; two companies, each of 50 men, being detached, one to Yizaga- patam and the other to Ganjam. In May of the same year the pensions of European non-commissioned, rank and file, were increased to the following rates from the 1st of the next ensuing month, viz. : — Pags. Fan. Cash. To a Serjeant 4 11 83 Bank and file 8 26 40 It was resolved at the same time that on the transfer of any European or native soldier to the non-effective establishment, he should be allowed his effective pay and batta until he joined the corps or station to which he had been appointed. HISTORY OF THE HADSAS ABMT. 345 On the 10th September His Majesty's regulations CHAP. xxi. regarding gratuities for the loss of limbs in action, and Gratuities for those granted to the widows or children of officers killed, J^•^J^ ^^ or who might have died of their wounds within six action, Ac. months, were extended to the officers of the Company's service. The following are the particulars : — 1. For the loss of an eye, or a limb, or the total loss of the use of a Umb — One year's full pay according to regimental commission. 2. To the widow of a commissioned officer killed in action — A full year's pay {i,e.^ subsistence) according to her husband's regimental commis- sion. 3. To each child under age and unmarried — One- third of what is allowed to the widow. Posthumous children to be included. During the same month a table, showing the proper- Grataittea for tion of the gratuity payable to the several ranks of the T*^J2nTOre troops which had served in Travancore and Cochin and Cochin, between the 30th December 1808 and the 24th February 1809, was published to the army. The following selections have been made from General Orders by the Commander-in-Chief during the expedition to Java, '^Jlead Quarters, Wdtevreeden, ISih August 1811." '* The good conduct of the troops having merited every Extra practicable indulgence, the Commander-in-Chief has directed ^^*®"*« one ounce and a-half of oofFee and two ounces of sugar per man, to be added to the daily ration of the European troops, and this is to be indented for accordingly." '' 2nd September 1811. " Captain Phillips of the Madras European Regiment (Act- Sniigtment ing Major of Brigade) is authorised to enlist Europeans from °^ Priaonors. VOL. in. 44 3+6 HISTORY OT THS MADRAS ARMT. CHAP. XXI. the prisoners, for that Corps, agreeably to instmciioBS he has """" receiyed." Carrenoj of Java. ** Notice is hereby given, that from and after this date, Sioca rupees shall be taken and given in exchange for Spanish Dollars, at the rate of 2 Bicca rupees, and 1 Stiver for 1 Span- ish Dollar Silver^the value of the Sicca rupee being fixed at 81 Stivers and a-half, and the Batavian, Surat, and Aroot rupee, continuing to circulate as heretofore at the value of 30 Stivers only." "The following table showing the current value of the different coins circulating in Java, is published for general information : — ao eo 63 120 126 192 240 256 812 820 1960 10 16 4 Doits make one Stiver. 10 do. da one Dablichi. do. one Shilling. do. one-half BataTian, Surat, or Aroot Bnpee. do. one-half Sicca rupee, do. one Batayian, Surat, or Aroot Bnpee. do. one Sicca rupee. 48 Stivers make one Bix Dollar (nominal). 60 do. do. one American, or Austrian ]>bl]ar. do. do. one Spanish Dollar, do. do. one Old Ducatoon. do. . do. one New do. do. do. one Bupee Mas, or Gold rapee. Spanish Dollars equal to one American Gold Ka^le. Do. do. do. one Doubloon. do. do. do. do. do. do. or do. or do. or 64 do. or 78 do. or 80 do. or 480 Discontinu- '' "^0 rations of sugar and coffee ordered to be issued to anoe of Bxtra ^jj^ European troops, being considered as no longer neceasarj in their present situation, they are to be discontinued from this date." Bifles. Rifles appear to have been coming into use with the Madras army at this period^ for on the 9th December 1811^ Colonel Gillespie, then in command of the troops in Java, made a requisition on the Arsenal at Fort St George for 500, which was duly complied with. HI8T0BT OF THB MADIAS ABMT. 347 CHAP. XXI. Native Infantry, 1810-11. On the IStli Febmary 1810, orders were issued for the Madras formation of a Battalion of Volunteers to be denominated Battalion, the "Madras Volunteer Battalion," and to be of the ^®^^- undermentioned strength, viz. : — 1 Captain Oommandant. 3 CaptaiDB. 10 Lieutenants. 5 ESnsignB. 1 Adjutant. 1 Surgeon. 1 Assistant Surgeon. 1 Serjeant-Major. 1 Quartermaster-Serjeant. 10 Sabadars. 20 Drummers and i^ers. 10 Jemadars. 12 Puokallies. 50 Havildars. 50 Naiques. 900 Privates. Captain W. Munro of the 15th Regiment was appoint- ed to command. This regiment ^ was raised for foreign service to the eastward, but the intention was given up, and it was first employed on the expedition against the French islands in 1810. On the 9th March, the native troops about to embark Arrange- on foreign service were informed that their absence would ^o^ '^ not exceed the period of three years, and that the families Serrioe. of all the fighting men and camp-followers who might either die or fall in battle during the absence of their Corps from the Presidency, would be pensioned on the half pay of the rank of their deceased relatives. An advance 1 It became the ** Madras Rifle Corps " in March 1814, and was highly distinguished during the Mahratta War of 1817-18. It was broken np in 1880, and the companies were then attached to certain regiments on the permanent establishment, viz,, the Ist, 6th, 16th, 24th, 26tb, 86th, 38th, and 49th. These Rifle companies were abolished in January 1869. 348 HI8T0BT OF THB MADBA8 ARHT. CHAP. XXI. of two months' pay^ exclasive of arrears and pay for the carrent months was made to all ranks^ and the issue of woollen cloaks and pantaloons to all the native troops employed was authorised at the same time. Full batta and rations were also granted to the native troops and followers. On the 3rd April fonr Bheesties^ in .lien of Packaliies, were allowed for each company of native infantry and Pioneers under orders of embarkation. During October, men of the undermentioned ranks were admitted to the benefit of the Hutting regulations on the following scale^ viz. :— Drum Majors 4 Rupees. Vakeels and Dressers 3 Rupees. Drummers, Fifers^ Puckallies> or Bheesties 2 Rupees. On the 12th of the same month the establishment of a battalion of Pioneers, to consist of eight companies^ was fixed as follows : — Bhaeatiet for Foreign Service. Hatting money. Pioneers. 3 Captains. 4 Subalterns. 1 Assistant Surgeon. 8 Jemadars. 1 Serjeant-Major. 24 Havildars. 24 Naiques. 700 Privates. Baanad local BattalioQ. Rewards for profidenoy in Hindostanee. 9 Pnchallies. The Ramnad local battalion^ long commanded by Colo- nel Martinz, was disbanded on the 1st December. In consideration of the long and fiiithfal services of the Corps^ the officers and men were permitted to enter llie regular battalions with the same claims on the Invalid and Pension Establishments as if they had been employed in the infantry of the line. Such officers and men as were no longer fit for duty were transferred to the noa- effective establishment. On the 2nd November^ an order of Government was published to the army in which it was announced thai HISTORY OP THE MADBA8 ABMT.* 349 a reward^ to the extent of 500 Pagodas^ would be given CHAP. XXL to every yonng officer^ or gentleman Cadet, who, on due examination, should be found to have made himself master of the Hindostanee language. All Cadets arrived at Madras since the 1st May 1809 were considered eligi- ble for this reward, but no Officer or Cadet who had not passed the necessary examination within the period of three years from the time of his landing in the country, was entitled to benefit thereby. On the 15 th January 1811, the provision for the Familieeof families of Native Soldiers killed, or dying when on followers Foreign Service, as set forth in general orders of the 5th J^"? °" November 1799, was extended to the families of tent, Serrioe, 1811. and store Lascars, and other public followers of the army. This order was to have retrospective effect from the date of that quoted above. 350 aisTosT OP thb madras armt. CHAP. XXI. — MsmcAL^ 1810. InamM of On the 9tli October 1810^ the salaries of the members B4iAne0,i8lO. ^jf ^jj^^ Medical Board were increased, and fixed as follows : —viz., Ist Member 800, 2nd Member 700, 3rd Member 600 Pagodas per mensem. The salaries of staff Surgeons were raised to 450 Pagodas per mensem. Difltribntion Although at this time there were upwards of 60 foil CMfiom^ Surgeons on the establishment, only 9 were doing regi- thearmy. mental duty, an arrangement which the OovernmeDt considered to be incompatible with the efficient mediosl treatment of the sick, for which reason they determined to assign a larger proportion ot junior medical officers for the performance of Civil duties, such as the charge of Zillah stations, and the undermentioned distribation was ordered : — Aadfltant SnigeoiL 1 8 4 1 US 2 35 62 Smgeon. Horse Artillery 1 Cavalry 8 Artillery 2 European Infantry 1 Native do. 23 Pioneers • • • • • < HISTORY OF THE ICADRAS ABMT. 851 CHAPTER XXIL ' FBOM THE COMPLETION OF THE CONQUEST OF JAVA IN 1812, TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE MAH&ATTA I WAB IN 1817. LisuTENAKT-GiNiBAL the Honorable John Abercromby CHAP.XXII. took command of the army on the 12th February 1812. CoiondT" A considerable extent of territory in the southern PiiT^',"**"^* Mahratta country ivas held on condition of military service to be rendered to the State of Poonah, but the several chiefs^ taking advantage of the weakness of that Govern- ment^ had not only long omitted to furnish their contin- gents^ but had taken possession of lands not included in their grants* On the other hand^ they suffered much oppression from the Peishwa. So much confusion ensued that the Governor-General considered it necessary to direct the assembly of a force to act under the immediate instructions of the Resident at Poonah^ for the purpose of compelling the restoration of all usurped lands, and the fulfilment of the obligations of the service due to the Peishwa^ while the possession of the Serinjanmy^ lands was to be guaranteed to the holders so long as they adhered to their engagements. In compliance with this order troops ^ were assem- ^ These lands were hereditary in a few instanoes, bnt, as a rule, they were only granted for the lifetime of the holder, and were resumable at his death. However, they were generally renewed in favor of the heirs. ' H:M.'b 25th light dragoons, one sqnadron, and the gun troop ; 8rd regiment cavalry ; H.M.'s Seth regiment ; Ist battalion 12th, 1st battalion Idth, Ist battalion 22nd, and 1st battalion 24th N.I. s detachments of artillery And pioneers. The 2nd battalion 2nd NJ. joined the force in Jnne 1818, and the 1st of the 12th then marched to Bangalore. A detachment of the Royal Scots, nnder Lieatenant-Colonel McKellar, joined in October of the same year. 352 HISTORY OF THE HADRA8 ARMT. CHAP.Xxn. bled in tbe Ceded Districts about the end of Aagnst 1812, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Dowse, which crossed the river Toombuddra at Humpsag^ar, and arrived at Guddak in the Mahratta country on the 28tli September. The force was actively employed until early in 1814, when it was withdrawn, the objects for which it had been called out having been successfully accomplished. Lieutenant-Colonel Dowse died at Gh>a on the 27th June 1814, shortly after which the following general order was published to the army :— " 0.0.0., FoH Si. Oeorge, Uh July 1814. Compliment- *^ The Honorable the Governor in Gounoil had directed 181^^^^^ that the sentiments of approbation expressed by the Supreme Oovemment in the following letter from the Secretary at Fort William should be communicated to Lieutenant-Colonel Dowse on his recent return from field service, hot the lamented death of that highly deserving officer having occurred before the communication could be made, the Qovemor in ConncQ is desirous of manifesting his respect for the memory of Lieutenant-Colonel Dowse by publishing them to the army in general orders." *'Sir, — The Resident at Poonah having reported to the Gk)vemor- General in Council that the services of the detach- ment under the command of Lieatenant-Colonel Dowse is no longer required in the Mabratta oountiy, and that he had requested that officer to direct the troops to retnm to the stations allotted to them by the Government of Fort St. Geot^e, 1 am directed to take this opportunity of conveying to you, for the information of His Excellency the Governor in Council of Fort St. George, the sentiments of the Governor-General is Council relative to the conduct of Lieutenant-Colonel Dowse, and the officers and troops under his command, during the period of their employment in that quarter. HISTOBT OF THl HADBA8 ABMT. 353 *' 2. The Gbiremor-General in Oonncil has great saiaBfaotion CHAP. xxn. in transmitting to the .Governor in Conncil of Fort St. George the enclosed copy of a letter addressed to lieutenant-Colonel Dowse by the Resident at Poonah, and in adding the expres- sion of his own sense of their exemplary conduct, founded on the uniformly favorable report which has been made by the Resident under whose immediate observation they were employed. " 3. The Governor-General in Council has, in the course of his correspoudence with the Elesident concerning the affairs of the Southern Jaghiredars, had frequent occasion to mark his approbation of the seal, judgment, and ability of Lieutenant- Colonel Dowse in the exercise of his command, and His Excellency in Council has great satisfaction in conveying this sentiment, as well as his approbation of the conduct of the detachment generally, to the Gt>vemment of the Presidency to which it belongs." " Port William, « 20th May 1814." The efficiency of the Commissariat Department^ which Enquiry had been organised in 1810, was first put to the test ^^^^of with Colonel Dowse's field force, and was very favorably ^^^ Coinmii. reported npon by that officer; but complaints having the force, been made by Major Sir Charles Bordett, H.M/s 56th regiment, who attributed the sickness of his men to the bad quality of the meat issued to them daring the service, a Court of Inquiry, composed of Lieutenant-Gteneral Pater of the cavalry, Lieutenant-Colonel Everard H«M/8 34th, Major Fraser Boyal Scots, Major Mnnro Madras rifle corps, and Captain Budyard horse artillery, was assem- bled in November 1814 to investigate the subject and report thereon. The Court were of opinion that the sick* ness and mortality in the 66th had not heea owing to the bad quality of the animal food served out to them, but — VOL. III. 45 854 HI8T0BT Of THS HABBIS LBMY. CHAP. XXII. To the immoderate use of spirits^ and exposxure to ykx^ flitude of climate ; To the large proportion of recruits recently joined ; To the men failing to report themselves when taken ill; To the very wet weather at the commencement of the service^. and the loss of baggage and bedding in oon- seqnence of the failare of a private bnllock contractor. The Commander-in-Chief and the Govemment con- cnrred in this opinion, and Captain Josiah Stewart,^ lltii native infantry^ the senior Commissariat officer with the force^ was thanked in general orders for the ability and attention with which he had conducted the duties of his department in the field. It appears from the correspondence of Colonel Dowse that several men of the 2nd battalion 2nd regiment were employed by him in the Intelligence Department daring the continuance of the service^ that they acquitted Uiem- selves to his satisf action, and were handsomely rewarded. Intelligence Department. InsDrreotion in the Wynaad, 1812. Wtoaad, 1812. A rebellion having broken out in the Wynaad in March 18129 troops entered the country early in April from Cannanore, and Seringapatam,* for the relief of our de- tachments at Manantoddy and Sultan's battery^ which were threatened by the insurgents. The troops from Cannanore under Lieutenant-Colonel Webber 2nd battalion 3rd^ consisted of a oompany of H.M/s 30th regiment^ the 2nd battalion Srd» and a detach- ment 1st battalion 6ih native infantry. Thoae from Beringapatam under Major Welsh 1st battalion 3rd, con- sisted of the light company H.M.'s 80th regiment^ Iphto companies 1st of the 3rd, and two companies lat of tlw 13th, formed into a light battalion. ^ Afterwards Besident at Hyderabad. HISTORY OF THS IfADRAS ABMT. 355 Colonel Webber's detachment was attacked when CHAP.xxn. ascending the Gotiaddy Pass. Captain Hunter, Lieutenant Inyerarity, and 17 or 18 men of the 2nd battalion 3rd were wounded, the two former severely ; but the rebels were dispersed, and the post at Manantoddy, which was held by two companies 2nd battalion 8rd under Captain Tagg, was relieved on the 9th April. The detachment under Major Welsh arrived next day ; parties were then sent out in several directions, and by the end of the month the principal rebels had been taken, and the disturbances suppressed* The detachment at Sultan's battery, under a native officer, had expended most of its ammunition, and was in danger when relieved by Major Welsh on the 18th ; but we suffered nothing except from the climate, a great number of officers and men having been prostrated by fever. The European companies marched for cantonment on the 23rd April, and the native troops followed early in May, after a chain of posts had been established at Panamurta* oottah, Porakaudy, Pbukum, Moodramoly and Sultan's battery, garrisoned by detachments of the 2nd of the 3rd and 1st of the 13th, each under the command of a Euro- pean officer, with the exception of the last, which was held by a native officer with 30 men. Mutiny at Quilon, 1812. On the night of the 24th May 1812, the existence of a conspiracy at Quilon, having for its object the destruc- tion of the European officers and men of the subsidiary force in Travancore, was brought to the knowledge of Lieutenant and Adjutant Cox 2nd battalion 14th regi- ment, by Jemadar lyaloo of the same battalion, to whoia it had been revealed by a private ol his conqpany* 356 HISTORY or THS MADRAS ARMT. CHAP.XXU. Babsidiaiy force. Apprahsn* noQ of the CODfpilAtorB. Ezeontioii of the ring- leftden. Besoltof other triali, X818. The sabsidiary force, at this time under the command of Colonel Hamilton Hall, was composed of a oompany of Eoropean artillery, the 2tfd battalion 9th, 2nd of the lltli« 3nd of the 14th, and 2nd of the 18th r^ments of natiTe infantry. On the morning of the 25th, CSolonel Hall, and ilie officers in oommand of battalions, met at the Beaidencj, and it was there arranged that a general parade of the troops shoold be ordered for that afternoon, and that the principal conspirators shoald then be seized ; iprhile the Resident, Lieutenant-Colonel John Manro, took steps for the apprehension of such inhabitants of the town and Ticiniiy, as were beb'ered to be implicated. These measures were successfully carried out. Jemadar Shaik Hoossain of the 14th, together with 2 harildan and 22 men of that battalion, were called oat of the ranks, and placed in confinement, the troops behaying with perfect steadiness. Womanah Tumby ex-Dewan of Travancore, an indi- vidual claiming to be the nephew and representative of the late Pychy Bajah, and several religious mendicsants, were seized at the same time by the Resident's people as being the chief instigators. Jemadar Shaik Hoossain, and Private Salabut EZhan of the 14th were tried in a summary manner by a board of officers, of which Major Fraser 2nd battalion 9th^ was President. Both were convicted, and sentenced to be blown from a gun, which sentence was carried into exe- cution on the evening of the 28th May at a general parade of the whole force. Two havildars, one naigne, and twenfy-six privatee oi the 14th, of whom 19 were ICahomedans, and 10 Hindoos, were tried by ordinary court-martial, and sentenoed to death. Of these, two privates were pardoned^ the rest HI8T0BT or THB MADBAfl ABM7. 857 were either flhot or hanged^ the sentences being carried Ofi AP. XXIL into execution at Qiulon^ Cannanore, Seringapatam, Tri- ' chinopoly, Yelloroy and St. Thomas' Mount respectively* Six native officers, and one havildar of the 18th, two Pardon of native officers of the 9th, and one native officer of the offioen. 14th, were also tried and sentenced to death, but it was subsequently discovered that they had been &lsely accused, and they «were consequently pardoned and released, full belief in their innocence being expressed by the Commander-in-Chief in general orders. Nothing transpired to prove that the conspiracy ex- Good oondnot tended beyond the ^Jnd of the 14th. The 2nd of the 11 th ^^ xith. (22nd M.N.I.) was specially reported as having " mani- fested distinguished attachment and discipline '' through- out. The result of the enquiries made by the Resident, Onginaton which occupied some time, led him to the conclusion that ?!™._^ ^^ ^ ' coiupirsoy Womanah Tumby, the psevdo Pychy Aajah, and Jemadar M^d their Shaik Hoossain of the 14th, had been the origiziatorB of the conspiracy. The design was to confer the sovereignty of Travancore upon the Pychy Bajah. The Jemadar was promised the office of Dewan, but this, in all probability, was really intended for Womauah Tumby. The pay of all sepoys as might join in the plot was to be raised to Bs. 10 per mensem. The chief body of conspirators consisted of discharged sepoys, fakeers, and disaffected natives of the province. The European officers were to have been attacked while at dinner, and the barracks set on fire at the same time in order to distract attention, after which the public treasury was to have been given up to plunder. On the 1 8th February 1813 Jemadar lyaloo of the Bewardt. 14th was promoted to be Subadar, and presented with 858 HI8T0BT OF THI XADIU8 ASMT. OHAP. xzn. lent of Womauali Tiimbj. Goveruon snd Com- mandon*!!!* Chief, 1813-14. a pslankeen, and an allowance for bearers. He abo receired a gold medal^ and a donation of 1^000 rapee& On his decease, his Nearest heir was to be allowed » pension of 35 rupees per mensem. Vencatram, the sepoy who had informed the Jemadsr of the plot, was pensioned on the pay of a Jemadar, and receired a donation of 600 rupees. Priyate Hoossain Khan, who had •given information to Captain lyes of the same battalion on the 24th May, hoi in rather an incoherent manner, was pensioned on tke pay of a Havildar- Womanah Tumby, and the Pjrchy Rajah were tried by the Court of the Travancore Gbvernment. The fonner was sentenced to death, but this sentence was commuted to banishment, and he was removed to Nellore. The Fychy Bajah was banished to Chingleput, but he was released from confinement in 1815. GFeneral Abercromby relieved Sir George Barlow aa Governor pn the Slst May 1818, and continued to hold the office of Commander-in-Chief in addition, -until the 3rd December of the same year, when Lientenant- General Sir Thomas Hiislop Bart., arrived firom fhigland, and assumed command of the army. The Bight Honorable Hugh Elliott arrived at Madias in June 1814, and assumed charge of the G-ovemmeut on the 16th of that month. Kimedj, 1S14. NOETHXRN ClBCARS, 1813-17. Towards the end of 1813 disturbances were com- menced in Kimedy at the instigation of the widow of the Zemindar Gujputty Deo ; and the civil authorities being unable to quell them, five companies of the Ist battalioa 10th irom Vizianagrum under Captain Fraser, and three companies 2nd battalion 21st item Berhampore under mSTOBT OF THS UADUkB ABXT* 859 Major Wahaby entered the Zemindary about the middle OHAP.XXII. of Mardi 1814. The 1st battalion 3rd regiment, and a detachment of pioneers were sent up from Madras abont the end of April, and Lieutenant-Colonel Fletcher was appointed to command, but tranquillity having been restored before the arrival of these reinforcements, the 3rd battalion was kept for a time at Teckely as a corps of observation, and Colonel Fletcher remained on the coast. The Zemindar of Ooomsoor having been guilty of severe Goomtoor, al acts of cruelty and oppression about this period, and having resisted the authority of Government when called to account. Colonel Fletcher marched against him from Berhampore in April 1815, and took possession of the fort at Kolada on the 20th May without opposition. The Zemindar having fled towards the hills, he was followed by Colonel Fletcher, and surprised near Gullery on the 27th, but he made his escape. Ultimately he gave himself up on the 24th June, and the troops returned to cantonment. It was afterwards discovered that Colonel Fletcher had Chross received 7,000 rupees from the Zemindar for the purpose of Colonel of securing his good offices with the authorities, and of ^^«*<^«'' delaying the advance of the detachment. It was also ascertained that treasure, jewels, and other property to a very considerable amount had been taken at Gullery, 20,000 rupees of which the Colonel retained for himself, and divided the remainder amongst the detachment, making no report whatever of the transaction. He was tried for these acts of misconduct in November 1816, and sentenced to be cashiered, which sentence was con- firmed in July 1817. Troops were again sent into Eimedy in October 1816, Kimedrt in consequence of disturbances created at the instigation 860 HI8T0BT or TBI MADRAS ABUT. OHAP.XXn. of PadmftnabhA Deo^ a landholder on the borders of tk '^~' Eemindary^ who was discontented at his remoY&l from die office of manager. He was apprehended by order of the Magistrate^ and tried before the ciyil conrt, but escspri punishment for want of sufficient evidence. Doorgamue, his less guilty instmmenti was captured and execnted ia April 1817. The troops were then withdrawn with& exception of detachments at Eimedy and Bageereddj- pooram, a large Tillage on the Palcondah river about li miles south-west of Kimedy. EuBNOOL^ 1813-16. When the Nizam transferred Bellary and CnddapA to the East India Company in 1800, the suzerainty of tk principality of Eumool^^ which had been tributary to tbs Nizam, became vested in the Company. In October 1813 the Collector of Bellary was sent to Eumool to enquire into the state of the inteUect of Munawur Khan, the eldest son of the then Nawaub AliC Ehan, to remonstrate against the unjust preference ol the Nawaub's sixth son Qholam Basool, and to signifj the wishes of the British Government with respect to the Buccessionj viz., that it should devolve upon the eldeit legitimate son. This mission having f ailed^ a foroe,* of such strength as to preclude any attempt at resistance^ GoTemment Interfere in the ■aooeedoii, 1818. ^ Bounded on the north by the riverB Toombnddra and S^istna, and m the east, west, and aouth by the Ceded Dutrieta. The revenae at tki end of laat oentary was eatimated at 20 lakhs of mpeea, bat owing m mismanagement the collections gradually diminished, and by ISIS tkij had fUlen to about half that amount. *rirBt cavalzy, H.H.'s 66th foot, 1st battalion Snd, lat N>ttmlinn 7kk 2nd battalion 18th, 2nd battalion 17th, detachments of artilleiy a^ pioneers. The flank companies of the 2nd, 7th, and 18th tg be farmd into a flank battalion. The force to be divided into the tid^mno^wd reserve brigades, the former under Lientena»t-Colonel H^rtin of tk 18th, the latter under Lieutenant-Colonel Barclay H.M.'s 66t|i, the wfek under Ma]or-Qeneral Aldwell Taylor, commanding in the Cedad HISTORY Of THE MADRAS ARUT. 361 was sent from Bellary in December with the view of CHAP.xxil. releasing Munawor Khan from the confinement to which he was subjected^ and of causing his formal recognition as heir. These objects having been satisfactorily accom- plished, the troops returned to cantonments. Alif Khan died about the end of September 1815, upon Moznffer which Munawur Elian was immediately set aside by his ^^i^q Uv^ad next brother Mozuffer Khan, who took possession of the ^®^^* town and district. Oovemment, on receiving intelligence of this occur- OoTernment rence, directed the assembly of a field force ^ at Gooty, and ?^^ on the 14th October they appointed Colonel Marriott to the oommandy associating with him Mr. Chaplin of the civil service for the purpose of installing Munawur Khan in his rights and dignities. The troops marched in November, and on arriving at Surrender Kumool, MozufEer Khan was called upon to submit, but, ^ '^^^^ * being confident in the strength of the fort, which was defended by a numerous garrison, he held out, and obliged us to lay regular siege to the place. Fire was opened from the batteries on the 14th De- cember, and Mozuffer Khan surrendered the next day. MunawarKhan was then duly installed, and agreed to permit the British troops to occupy his fort until matters should have settled down. Colonel Marriott and the troops were thanked in gene- I^eld force ral orders of the 1st January 1816, and on the 29th June isie. °^' ' Squadron H.M.'b 22nd dragoons, 4th regiment cavalry, H.M.'b 84th foot, Madras Ehiropean Begiment, one company Madras Rifle corps, Ist battaUon 8rd, 2nd battalion Oth, 1st battalion 12th, one and a half pompany of artillery, three companies Ist battalion pioneers. The Assistant Adjutant-General^ and Assistant Qnartermaster-Qeneral yt the army to join the force. VOL. III. 46 362 BISTORT OF TBI MADRAS ARXT. CHAP. XXII. the force was broken ap^ and ihe Colonel refcomed to hs own command at Bangalore. Omtuoh An ordinary garrison, composed of the Eniopean regi- 1817. ment, the 2nd of the 9th, the 2nd of the 14thy and detachments of artillery and pioneers, was placed in Komool, as a temporary measure, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Thompson of the European refrimeiit This Goyemment command was abolished on the 7tii April 1817, and the troops were then withdrawn. PiACB WITH France. Intelligence of the conclusion of the Treaty of Puis on the 30th May 18 14 having been receiyed at Madras is January 1815, it was ordered that royal salatea^ witt three volleys of musketry, should be fired at ali the prin- cipal stations of the army in honor of the events and that batta should be issued to the European and NatiTS troops, as on other occasions of extraordinary rejoiciBg. Thanks to the Troops. On the 7th February of the same year the following extract from a despatch from the Court of Directorsi dated Srd August 1814, was published to the army : — " His Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief bavxag transmitted to us the following Besolutions of the SoMUfnhk House of Commons^ we feel great satisfEUstion in tranacribiBf them for your information, and we desire that the same wsj be communicated in the most public manner to the wbdle if the troops serving in your Presidency-" *' Mercurie, 6th Die Julie 1814 " Resolved — Nemine cantradicente : '' That the thanks of this House be given to the oOLoeBtaJ the Army (including the troops employed in the service HISTOBT OV THK MADRAS ABMT. 363 I the Bast India Company) for the meritorions and eminent CHAP. XXII. Beryioes whioh they have rendered to their king and country daring the oonrse of the war. '' Besolyed— '^dmuid eoniradicente : " That this Honse doth highly approve and acknowledge the aerrioes of the non-commissioned officers and men em- ployed in the Army during the oonrse of the war, and that the same be communicated to them by the commanders of the seyenJ corpe, who are respectively desired to thank those under their command for their exemplary and gallant behaviour." His Royal Highness the Dake of York^ then Oom- Letter from mander-in-Chiefy when transmitting copies of these York. ^ resolutions to the Court of Directors, concluded his letter with the following sentence : — " It is with peculiar saids&ction that I avail myself of the opportunily to express, through the channel of the Court of Directors^ the high sense I entertain of the universal good conduct displayed by the Company's European and Native troops during the course of the arduous services upon which they have been employed." RjBTUBN OF THl TbOOPS FBOH THS MOLUCCAS, 1816. The following order was published to the army on the retnm of the Madras troops from the Moluccas in Novem- ber 1816 :~ G.O.C.O., dOih November 1816. '* The Commander-in-Chief has great satisfaction in publish- ing to the army the following extract of a letter from the of Fort Victoria addressed to the Government of« Fort St. George. '' Sach testimonials of the sealous and valuable services of the officers of this establishment, and of the orderly and good 364 HISTORY or THE MADBiiS ASMT. GHAP.XXn. oondnct of their detacbments, reflect the highest honor oq themaelyesy and are creditable to their respective corps." Serricea of the Madias troops in the Molncoas subseqaent to their capture, 1811-16. ** Extract of a letter to the Government of Fort St. George from the Resident at Fort Victoria, Ambojna, dated 19tk Angost 1816. ** I have the honor to acquaint jon that under the expect- ation of the speedy restoration of these islands to the Datdi, I have judged it proper to take immediate measnreB for send* ing to Fort St. George as large a proportion of the troops belonging to that establishment which are now employed al the Moluccas, as can be conveniently removed. *' On the occasion of the final departure, for the Presidency to which they belong, of the officers and troops prooeedingoa the ** Laurel," I consider it to be a duty incumbent on me to oommunicate to the Government of Fort St. George tbe sentiments of cordial esteem, and approbation which tiw invariable tenor of their conduct, and their eminent profes- sional services, and merits, have indelibly impressed on my mind. In the exigencies of every public crisis, and on evecj occasion of difficulty and danger which has occurred during my administration at the Moluccas, they have always been distinguished by their eminent alacrity,zeal, and promptxtnde; and by their uniform skill, activity and courage they haw confirmed those claims to public approbation and gratitude, which they had previously estabb'shed by their servioes in the capture of the island.'' Lieutenant Kyd of the European regiment^ and Lienten- ant Nelson of the artillery^ were specially thanked fsa their services while in civil employ under the Resident •for the period of five years ; and the skilfal execatioa of topogpraphical military charts^ and plans of the fortifi- oations at Banda^ and Amboyna by Lieutenant Gtsde cl the European regiment^ was also duly acknowledged. mSTOBT 09 THX MADRAS ABMT. 365 PlNDABIBS^ 1812-17. CHAP.XXn. The Pindaries/ ori^nally obscure freebooters^ grad- ually became aoxiliaries to the several Mahratta powers to whom they attached themselves^ and by whom they were granted anlimited Ucense to plunder, besides being occasionally rewarded by grants of land. Their head- quarters were in. the province of Malwa, where they' lived under the protection of Scindia, and of Holkar. Their numbers, periodically increased by success, and dimin- ished by misfortune, were continually fluctuating, but were generally estimated at about 25,000 horse, of whom some 6,000 were good, 4,000 fair, and the rest indifferent. The leaders appear to have been generally, if not always, Mahomedans, but the men were of every caste and religion, and natives of every province in Central India, the Deccan, and the Southern Mahratta country, united only by their common love of plunder, and a law- less life. The following extract from Sir John Malcolm's report on the province of Malwa describes^ their com- position and method of warfare : — *' When they set oat on an expedition they placed them- Method of selves under the guidance of one or more chosen leaders, ^^"^'®* called Lubbireahs,* who were selected on account of their knowledge of the country they meant to plunder ; they were neither encumbered by tents nor baggage; each horseman car- ried a few cakes of bread for his own subsistence, and some feeds of gram for his horse. The party, which nsuaUy con- sisted of two or three thousand good horse, with a proportion of mounted followers, advanced (as secretly as they could, and without plundering) at the rapid rate of forty or fifty miles a day, neither turning to the right nor left till they ^ BuppoMd to be derived from Pinda, an intoxicating drink to which they were addicted. — Malcolm's BeiXNrt on Malwa, page 286. * Selected for their intelligence and activity ; their moring oat with the standard was the signal for march. 366 HI8T0ET 09 THB 1CADRA8 ARMT* CHAP.ZXII, arriyed at the oonntry meant to be attacked. They then divided, and made a sweep of all the cattle and property they oonld find ; committing at the same time the most horrid atroc- ities and destroying what they oonld not carry away. They trusted to the secrecy and suddenness of the irruption for ayoidingthe troops who guarded the frontiers of the coan tries they invaded, and before a force could be brought against them, they were on their return. Their chief strength lay in their being intangible. If pursued they made marches of extra- ordinary length (sometimes upwards of sixly miles) by roads almost impracticable for regpilar troops. If overtaken, they dispersed and reassembled at an appointed rendezvoos; if followed to the country from which they issuedi they scat- tered into small parties. *' Their wealth, their booty, and their fiunUies, were dis- persed over a wide region, in which they found protection amid the mountains, and in the &8tnesses belonging to them* selves, and to those with whom they were either openly or secretly connected ; but nowhere did they present any point of attack ; and the defeat of a party, the destruction of one of their cantonments, or the temporary occupation of some of their fastnesses, produced no effect beyond the ruin of an individual freebooter, whose place was instantly supplied by another, generally of more desperate fortune, and therefore more eager for enterprise." Thay enter The Pindarics do not appear to have made any inroad ^312^ ^'^ into the territory of the Company until 1812, when they entered the district of Mirzapore, and carried off their plunder through Rewah, in consequence of which a treaty was entered into with the Rajah of that province, who undertook to guard the passes, and to allow our troops to occupy such posts in his country as might be suitable for the purposes of observation and defence. They plunder About the 10th March 1816, a numerous body crossed Q^^|^[!!|^^ the Eistna, and entered the district of Guntoor, which 1816. ^\^Qj plundered for seven successive days^ after which they HI8T0BT OF THI MADRAS ARMT. 367 passed into Cuddapah, and making a detonr, recrossed the OH AP. XXll. river on the 21 st^ just aa a party of British troops came in sight. The detachment in the town of Gnntoor was quite inadequate for its protection^ consisting only of a few invalid sepoys, and peons, employed to gnard the treasury and the jail. A Board of Commissioners appointed to inquire into EstimAted the nature and extent of the losses and injuries sustained, ^^''®** reported that 269 houses had been burnt, 6,203 houses plundered, 183 persons killed, 505 wounded, 3,603 sub* jected to torture ; and property to the value of £250,000 carried off or destroyed* In December 1816 another body of Pindarics, esti- They plunder mated at about 5,000 men, entered Purlakimedy through ^ 6««ia»- the zemindary of Jeypoor, burnt the town, and destroyed a number of villages in the neighbourhood. The town of Qanjam was plundered about the same time, and the taluks of Itchapoor, Munsoorcottah, and others in that part of the district were laid waste. The celerity of the movements of the marauders, and the quickness with which they broke up into small parties, saved them from sustaining any considerable loss from the detachments of native infantry stationed at Kimedy, and at Berhampore, but the officers at those places acquitted themselves as well as the means at their disposal would admit, and they received the thanks of Government fSr their exertions. The following is an account of the attack upon Eimedy Defeated at as reported by Major Oliver 1st battalion 6th regiment, ^15^^' who commanded the detachments ^ at that place, and in the neighbourhood : — ^ Three oompanies of the Gth at Kimedy, and one at an ontpoet under Lieutenant Jackson } one company 8nd battalion 2nd under Lieutenant H. Tweedie. 368 HTSTOBT or THK XADBAS ABMT. CHAP. ZXn. " I hMve ihe honor to aoqii»iiii yoa, for the inf onnaiioii of the officer oommanding the diviaion, that about 5 o^okick yesterdaj evening we were sorpriaed by the Mahiatta horn entering this town« Having only Lieutenant Tnllob with me, I sent him to take poet at the other end of it, and firom botli onr divieions parties were sent ont to the different streets to endeavour to keep them ont of the town. We had a oon- tinned skirmishing for aboat two honrs, and some nien and horses were killed in the streets. " A little after 6, Lieutenant Tweedie, who had retreated upon my detachment, arrived, having marched all night and that day, having been surrounded by them from 11 o'clock in the morning. I found it impossible to save the town as they galloped through, and set fire to it in several places. At 11 o'clock p.m. Lieutenant Jackson, who had been stationed with his company about 16 miles off, arrived, when oonsidering myself strong enough to give them an alert, I left Lieutenant Tweedie with two companies in a strong^ posi- tion, and having procured two peons from Mr. Spottiswoode,' who promised to show me the road to their camp about a mile off, I put myself under their guidance, and am happy to say we succeeded beyond my expectation. We were actually in the middle of their camp before they discovered ns, and we gave them two volleys from the companies within ten yards, which did great execution, and caused such confusioB among them that they fled in every direction. *^ We traversed their camp, and killed, I should imagine, from twenty to thirty of them. They left the greatest part of their baggage on the gpround, and this morning there were about a hundred horse running loose about the town, and we have killed and taken about seventy horse. Lieut^aaiit Tweedie, when he heard the firing, detached Lieutenant Tulloh with a company to take post on the bank of a tank for which they appeared to be making. This was such an ^ The Collector of the district. I HISTOBT Of THB MADRAS ABXT. 369 unexpected measure that a party of them galloped up close to OH AP. XXII. Ideatemmt Tulloh. witiiont diBOoveriag liim, when he gave "" them a vollej and killed some men and horses. They have been drawn np in front of us this morning. I should suppose there are about 5,000 of them, and they are now moving off in the direction of Jemboor and Sericottah.^ I shall march this evening for Ohicacole as I conceive it probable they wiU move in that direction. We have taken a standard and a j trumpet." ** ElMBDT, " mh Decwnber 1816." The Bight Honorable the Governor in Council j when Thanks to the publishing this letter in general orders, requested the ^etaohment, Commander-in-Chief to " signify to Major Oliver, and to the officers and troops who served nnder his command, the high 8pprobati plary discipline and gallantry which they displayed in their attempt to defend the town of E[imedy, and in their subsequent att^K^k on the camp of the Pindarics.'' The officers and men of the detachment were thanked accord- ingly by the Commander-in-Chief in an order dated at Fort St. George on the 17th January 1817. The troops in the north of the district of Ganjam, con- Detachments sisting of the head-quarter wing of the 2nd battalion ^^^B®'^"^- 2 nd regiment at Berhampore^ and of the other vnng at Aska^ were quite inadequate to protect the country against a nnmerous body of predatory horse, but Lieutenant- Colonel Steele, who was in command at Berhampore, made the best dispositions in his power to prevent the Pindarics from entering the province of Cuttack, in which object he was successful. ^ Direct soath of Pnrlakimedy, and on the way to the town of Chica< oole. VOL. III. 47 i870 mSTOBT or THI 1CAD&A8 ABUT. Lieatenftnt Borthwiok del eata the Pindariet. CHAP. XXII. The first notice of the irmption was giren by tbe bnming of Itehapoor^ a thriving town about 18 mikB south of Berhamporey which took place about the 20lit December^ upon which Colonel Steele sent off an express, desiring Major Monin to march from Aska to Ghmjam, after having detached a party into the zemindary of Calicote ^ to close the road into Cnttack from that direc- tion* Lieutenant Bym, with 50 men^ was sent from Berhampore on the 25th to hold the narrow strip of land between the southern extremity of the Chilka Lake^ and the sea at Priaghee, while Lieutenant Borthwick^ witli another detachment^ marched towards Hautg^hnr with instructions to act according to his discretioa. Lieutenant Borthwick lef); Berhampore early on fke 37th, and having received iuformatioii while on the mardi that a body of about 1,000 horse were in the neighbour- hood of ELautghur, he surprised them near the village of Bagwanny ' about 1 1 o'clock the same night when in camp, killed 20 men, and captured 50 horses, together with i number of spears, swords, and shields, and all their heavy baggage. He followed them up into Qoomsoor the next day, and about 4 a.m. on the 29th he again surprised them when encamped in the open paddy-fields near the village cf Nowgaum,' killed the leader and a number of lua men, and took 19 horses, the weakness of his ytatj having prevented him from securing more. A considerable quantity of plunder was taken by the villagers. After this defeat the Pindarics retreated north in great haste, and left the district by Bodingy and Chokapad. 1 On the western shores of the Chilka Lake. > Between Aska and Hantghnr, or Aatagudda. Probably the ptaee marked '* Boiranny " in the map. * About four miles soath of Kolada, and close to Bassellconda. HIBTOBT OF THI 1CADBA8 ABUT. 871 Major Monin having nuBsed the express from Berham- GHAP.XXII. pore, did not reach Ganjam until about noon on the 23rd, Major Monin'a a few hours after it had been plundered, but he was in movements, time to secure the passes in Calicote. He then marched into Goomsoor to support Lieutenant Borthwick, but the Pindarics had fled before his arrival. The exertions of Lieutenant Borthwick and his detach-' ment were handsomely acknowledged by the GoTemor in Council in the following general order, dated 27 th January 1817 r — " The Bight Honorable the Goremor in Council having Thanks of received the satisfactory inteUigence of the complete expul- Ctovemmeot. sion of the numerouA body of predatory horse which lately penetrated the Company's territory in the Ganjam District, deems it proper to express in the most public manner his high sense, as well of the zeal, judgment^ and enterprise displayed by Lieutenant Alexander Borthwick of the 2nd battalion 2nd regiment of native infantry throughout the operations which have led to this decisive and important result; as of the exemplary perseverance, exertion, and gallantry of the native officers and men of the detachment under his command, whose conduct equally in their unwearied pursuit of the enemy, and in every attack on their camp, reflects the highest credit on the discipline and efficiency of - the corps to which they belong, and has entitled them to his unqualified approbation." Two other successful attacks upon the Pindaries were other aifaun made about the same time, one by Major Lushington,^ with f^^ldwries the 4th light cavalry, in the territories of the Peishwa^ 1816-17. the other by Major Robert McDowall commanding a brigade in the Hyderabad country. On the night of the 25th December Major Lushington, Their defeat then at Peepulwarrie, having received information that L^^^SLm* ^ Afterwards General Sir James Law LoBhington, a.c.B. 872 HI8T0BT OF THI MADRAS AfiVT. CHAP.Xxn. the Pindariea had appeared at the village of Sogamn, distant about 22 miles, marched for that place at 1 a.m. on the 26th. Before he had gone abore a few nulea both of his galloper guns broke dowD^ and he was obliged to leave them. On arriving at Soganm about 7 aan., he found that the Pindaries, about 2,500 strong, had gone off the day before in an easterly direction. Leaving die recruits, baggage, and followers at Sogaum under the protection of the gun troop and rear guard, he continued the pursuit as far as Kami 20 miles further on, at which place he arrived about noon, having with him 350 rank and file. He there halted for nearly an hour to water the horses and refresh the men, after which he went ob to Peepry, distant 7 miles, where he was told that the whole body of Pindarics, after having plundered a number of villages, had halted at Cowah about 3 miles from Peepry, and were engaged in preparing their food. Major Lushington then pushed on at a brisk pace, and came upon the plunderers without having been discovered. The rest of the account shall be given in his own vrords. Defeat of the *^ The surprise was complete, the success proportionate, jriuaonw. ^^^ though the Piudaries were not two minutes before Hxbj were on their horses, flying in various directions, yet the ground was so favorable to pursuit, and it was kept up bj the pursuing divisions for 10 miles with such ardor, that I cannot estimate their loss, from the several reports I have received, at less than 700 or 800 killed and wounded, togrether with a great number rendered incapable of pursuing their plundering excursion by the loss of their horses. "R^i^^ji^^ the person who was at the head of the party, escaped with about 200 of the best mounted, and went off in a aontherlj direction. I am of opinion that he will scarcely be able to reassemble, at the utmost, more than 400 or 500 of hia late party, and which I learn was estimated at 3,000. Including the pursuit and return to Oowah, I estimate the distance gooe HISTORY OF THB MADRAS ARMT. 373 over hj the regiment from 1 in ihe morning to 6 at night on CHAP. XXII. the 26th at 70 miles. *' Though I have only one casnaltj to report to yoo, yet I Death of feel it a most painful duty, for in Captain Darke the service j^)^ has lost a gallant and most excellent officer, and the regiment has heen deprived of a brother officer, highly respected and esteemed. He fell, shortly after I ordered the pursuit to oommencey by a thrust from a spear which proved almost instantly fatal. " 1 enclose a return of the killed, wounded, and missing horses^ which is very inconsiderable." This affair having been communicated to the Madras CompHment- Gt>vemment by the Resident at Poonah, a general order ^y^*^^' was published at Fort St* George on the 27th January 1817, in which Major Lns^ngton was thanked for the judgment, activity, and professional ability which he had displayed ; and the officers, native officers, and men of the regiment were also thanked for their exemplary conduct* Early in November 1816 a body of Pindaries, computed The Pindariee at about 2,500 men, under the command of one of their ^L„ ^^d principal leaders named Buksoo, left Nimawar ^ in Malwa, Hyderabad, crossed the Nerbudda, and advanced in a south-easterly direction by Seonee and Bamteak, leaving Nagpore on the right, and Chanda on the left. It then passed Yedalabad, and Beder, and penetrated as far as theKistna, plundering as it went. On reaching the Kistna it turned up along the left bank for some distance, and then struck north towards the district of Nuldroog, which it entered early in January 1817. At this time Major Robert McDowall 2nd battalion Defeated 24th regiment, was moving about in the Nizam's dis- moDo^!^ ^ On the Godavery opposite to Soindia'a fort at Hindia. It was one of the head^quarter oampe of the Pindaries. The aocoant of the movements of Bnksoo's party is taken from a letter from the Resident at Hyderabad to the liadras Goyemmenty 19th January 1817. 374 HI8T0RT OF THX MADRAS ARKT. CHAP. XXII. trictB of Beder^ Nandair, and Nuldroog^ with a small field ~* force consiBting of part of his own battalion, some com- panies of the 2nd battalion 15th regiment nnder Captain Williams^ and a body of Mysore Siliadar horse nnder Annajee Bow. On the I4th January, when marching towards the town of Omergh in Nnldroog, he reoeiTed information to the effect that the Pindarics were in the neighbourhood of the village of Moorli, distant about 8 miles towards the south-west. Leaving his camp si Omergh under the protection of 80 men^ the Major marched about 9 p»m. with 325 rank and file^ and 1^000 Siliadar horsCj and about 3 a.m. on the 15th he surprised the Pindarics in their encampment^ and dispersed them with considerable loss. They continued their flight until evenings when they made a short halt, after which they resumed their retread taking the most direct line for the Gk)davery. Their loss was estimated at about 500 men, killed, wounded^ and taken prisoners ; 800 horses, of which half were very good, were captured, and about 200 were killed and wounded. Two of the chiefs, named Oawder^ and MoomdeOj besides several other leaders, were wounded, but they w&& carried off by their men by being tied on their horses. All their booty was left behind, except what they had about their persons, and a large quantity of arms, princi< pally swords and spears^ were abandoned. The inhabitants rose upon the plunderers during tiieir retreat and captured a number, all of whom were exe- cuted by order of the Nizam's Government. HISTORY OP THS MADKAS ABXT. 875 OHAP.ZXn. Cavalry, 1812—1816. In March 1812 the standard for the horses of native Height and cavaky was raised to 14 hands 2 inches, bnt with per- J|i2. *^"*' mission to take horses one inch lower, provided they were of good blood, compact, strongs and active* As regards age it was laid down that no horse should be bought under 8i years' old in time of peace, or under 4 years in time of war, or above the age of 6, except when the exigencies of the service might require it. This order continued in force until June 1816, when the standard was again reduced to 14 handa. On the 26th January 1813, the native o£Scer8and men Bewarda far of the body guard, and of the 1st regiment of cavalry, PenU^ who had returned to Madras after having been attached ^^^ to the Embassy in Persia, were thanked in general orders for their meritorious conduct while on that service. A gratuity equal to three months' pay and batta was granted to each man of the two detachments, and a sinular gra- tuity was paid to the families of men who had died during their absence from the Madras Presidency. Several of the native officers and men received additional rewards, some in the shape of promotion, others in that of enhanced pensions. Oold medals of the order of the '^ Ldon and Sun '' Medala. having been subsequently conferred on Jemadars Syed Hoossain, and Hoossainee Beg, by Abbas Mirza the Prince Bc^ral, the Court of Directors, as a special mark of favor, permitted these officers to wear them. During the early part of 1813, it was ordered that, ITnifonny from the Ist January 1814^ the cavalry, which since 1794 had worn scarlet jackets with white facings, should be 876 HI8T0BT OF THS MADRiLS ABICT. CHAP.XXn. clothed in dark blae with ailver lacOi and the nndCTmen- tioned fiunngs were asdgpied to the several regimenlB :— 5ih regiment Pale jaUow* 6th „ Ormnge. 7th ^ Bnff. 8th M Deep yellow. Ist regiment Pale yellow. 9&d ff Orange. 3rd „ Buff. 4th M Deep yellow. »» Changed to grey, 1818. Veteritiary eetabliBh- ment, 1818. Allowances to Adjutants, 1818. Beomiting depdt. The Court of Directore objected to the diange oa account of the high price of bhie cloth, owing to wUdi the amonnt of the off-reckoning fnnd had been aerionriy diminished, for which reason it was ordered that grey cloth should be worn by the cavalry. This order was carried out in 1818, since wMoh time there has not been any alteration in the color of the nnif orm. Daring November 1813, the *' Madras Veterinary Establishment'^ was transferred from the Presidency town to Arcot. The number of boys to be educated asfarrieis was increased to fifty-eight, with the view of sapply- ing the horse artiflery, and body guard, as well as tin cavalry. Each boy was to receive four pagodas per mensem, from which sum his messing, and neceaaariei were to be provided* He was to be famished annually, at the expense ol Government, with one uniform jacket and one waftering cap. A barrack was provided for the ac(K>mmodation of the lads, with the same allowance of famitare ae thst lor European soldiers. On the 17th April 1816, the pay and allowaiiceB of Adjutants of native cavalry were fixed at Rs. 147 per mensem, viz., staff pay Us. 62, allowance for a el^k Ba. 40, for stationery and candles Bs. 15, and Bs. 30 for a horse. A recruiting depdt for the general service of the cav- alry was formed at Arcot in May under the command of HISTOBY OF THC MADBiJS ARlfY. 377 Captain Oatlaw 3rd cavalry. Each regiment was directed CHAP.XXir. to fornisli a detail consisting of 2 snbadars^ 2 jemadars. Establish* 8 havildars, 8 naigues, and 16 privates, to do duty at ^^^^^ the depdt. The staff was to consist of 1 riding-master and native adjatant, 1 drill havildar, 2 pay havildars, 1 drill naigae, 2 rough-riders first class, 2 rough-riders second class, 1 staff serjeant, 2 trumpeters, and the ordinary proportion of artificers. 200 recruits, 200 horses, 200 sets of horse appoint- ments. VOL. III. 48 378 HISTORY or THI MADRAS ARMT. CHAP.XXn. Bewardfl to the detach- ment from Persia, 1812-13. Beview by Lord Moira, 1818. Artillbbt, 1812—1816. The detail of natiye horse artillery which returned from Persia in September 1812 having been strongly recommended to the favorable consideration of Gk>Tenh ment by saccessiTe British Ministers in Persia, and bj the Commander-in-Chief^ a pension of 110 pagfodas per mensem was granted to Subadar Shaik Moideen Bahader, and it was resolved at the same time that a pension of 50 pagodas per mensem should, on his decease, be paid to his nearest heir for the maintenance of the family. The subadar was also presented with a horse and a palankin, and a grant of 16 cawnies of land was made to him. The non-commissioned officers and privates fit for farther service were promoted to the ranks of jemadar, and havildar of cavalry respectively, and such of tk privates as were unfit for duty were pensioned on di3 pay of naigues of cavalry. Snbadar Shaik Moideen having subsequently hem presented with a gold medal of the order of the ^ LioR and Sun " by Abbas Mirssa, the Prince Royal, he wbs permitted by the Court of Directors, as a special maik of favor, to wear that decoration. General, the Earl of Moira, afterwards Marquis of Hastings, having landed at Madras in September i8iS on his way to Bengal as Governor-Oeneral, took tl^ opportunity to review the artillery at the Mount, after which he issued the following order : — "* Head Quarters^ Choultry Plain, IBth September 1813. '* The Sari of Moira desires to express how highly lie w« gratified by his inspection of the Honorable Company's corps of artillery at the Mount yesterday. The conditica of the corps, the steadiness of the men, and the precision d the manoeavres spoke decisively in praise of the attentiia HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. 379 whioli must have been applied by Colonel Bell, Captain CHAP. XXII. Noble, and tbe other officers acting under him. *' The observation of Lord Moira was, not very long ago, specifically called to all those details which constitute the fitness of a corps of artillery for service ; and he is happy to say that the troops which he saw yesterday, bear an honorable comparison with the excellent pattern he was, at the former period, accastomed to contemplate." About the end of October the use of the gorget, as Abolition of part of the appointments of an officer of artillery, was ordered to be discontinued. On the 7th December the Commissary of Stores, in Command of charge of the arsenal at Fort St, George, was relieved in^tbe Fort from the duty of superintending and inspecting the »^^ Black ordnance on the works; the charge of the g^uns on the fortifications and in the batteries of the Fort and Black Town^ and of the expense magazines belonging to them^ together with the command of the detachment of artil- lery doing duty in Fort St. George, was ordered to be Tested in an officer of experience, to be specially selected for that purpose from the corps of artillery^ and whose authority was to be entirely independent of the Commis- sary of Stores. The horse and foot artillery stationed at the Mount Inspection were inspected and reviewed by the Commander-in-Chief ^ndeJ^n™* in July 1814, and Major-General Bell, the Commandant, Chief, 1814, was thanked in general orders for the high state of disci- pline and efficiency in which the corps had been found. The Court of Directors, in their letter to Bengal of the General 16th February 1814, which was published at Madras on ^^^^ <>' the 28th October, cancelled the order of 1806 regarding and engineers - the employment of General Officers of artillery and ©mVio^oiu engineers on the Staff, and also that which prohibited *^® ^^^-^ them from exercising the command of their respective corps after promotion. 380 HISTORY 0? THE KADSA8 ASMT. CHAP. XXII. Command of cavalry gnun when in battery, 1816. Paj and allowanoes of Adjutants, 1816. Rocket troop. *' Para. 133. We therefore direct tliat no (General Officer of engineers or artillery be hereafter pnt npon the Cbneral Sid of the army ; bnt that yon select from among the Ge&enl Officers of engineers and artillery, and the officers actnalljit the head of those corps at the time, whether General OflSoes or not, such officers as yon may think most fit to oondact tbe duties of those corps respectively." In March 1815 the Commander-in-Chief, when in camp with the ** Army of Beserve^'^ directed it to be considefed as a rule of the service, that whenever cavalry gans were brigaded, or bronght together to act in battery, the com- mand of them should be given to an officer of the corps of horse artillery, if any part of that corps should happen to be serving with the army or detachment. On the 17th April 1816 the pay and allowances of Adjutants and Quartermasters of horse and foot artiUeiy were fixed upon the following scale, viz. : — Staff pay Rr. 62 \ Writer ... ... ... ... „ 40 1 Stationery and candles „ 15 i XxOvBe ••■ ... ... ... ,, ow / On the 23rd December of the same year orders wen issued for the formation of a *' Rocket troop/' to be attached to the corps of horse artillery. The following establishment was sanctioned : — Rs. 147. 4 Subalterns. 1 Troop Quartermaster. 2 Stafi* Serjeants. 4 Serjeants. 2 Farriers. 4 Corporals. 8 Gunners. 64 Matrosses. 2 Trumpeters. 7 officers* horses, 110 regimental horses, 10 camels with drivers. The ordinary proportion of artificers, horsekeepers, ani puckallies. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. 381 CHAF.XXH. EHOINBBRS, 1812—1816. Lieatenant-Colonel Colin Mackenzie^ of the Madras Surveyor. Engineers^ having been nominated by the Governor- ^^^'^^'5 General to be Surveyor-General of India^ the appointment was notified in general orders at Madras on the 26th May 1815. European Infantry, 1812—1816. The following order regarding the performance of the ceremonies of marriage and baptism by military officers was published on the 23rd October 1812 : — *' Adverting to the angpnentation recently made by the Marriages Honorable the Court of Directors to the establishment of Jgj2, *'^^^°*'' Chaplains, the Honorable the Governor in Council is of opinion that no necessity can in future exist for the performance of the ceremony of marriage by any military officer, and accord- ingly directs that all military officers do consider themselves precluded from discharging the part of the duty eventually assigned to them in the general orders dated the 27th of March 1805. '^ The Governor in Council likewise directs that the same restriction may be considered applicable to the ceremony of baptism, except in the case of such children as may be in a weak or precarious state of health.'^ 382 HISTORY OF TBI MADRAS ARMY. OHAP.ZXn. Lettering and numbering. Arrack, 18ia. Judge Advooatei. Sunday parades. Beriew by hard Moinu On the 15th November^ the practice of distingnisliing troops and companies by letters was introdaced into the Madras Army. The grenadier and light companies were excepted from the operation of the regulation. It was ordered at the same time that every man should, when entertained, have two numbers assigned to him, viz., a general or regiment- al number and a company number. The arms and accoutrements of all corps were to be marked with the letter and number of the troop or company. The distribution, custody, and issue of arrack for the use of the troops was placed under the Commissamt Department from the 1st February 1813. The office of Deputy Judge Advocate was revived early in 1813, and five ofiicers were then appointed to the department, to be stationed at the undermentioned places, viz., one at the Presidency, one at Trichinopoly, one at Seringapatam, one at Bellary, and one at Secunderabad. On the 23rd June Lieutenant-Oeneral the Honorable John Abercromby, then Governor and Commander-in- Chief, issued an order directing that a general parade and public guard mounting should take place on the Island at Madras every Sunday ^ morning at 6 o'clock^ and that it should be attended in full dress by every officer of the General Staff at the Presidency, and also by all other officers there, unless prevented by sickness or specially permitted to be absent. All the troops at the Presidency were reviewed on the 16th September by General, the Earl of Moira, after- wards Marquis of Hastings, then on his way to Calcutta to take his seat as Governor-General. His Excellency ^ ThiB order contmned in foroe nntil the 82nd Norember 1888, wtei it was cancelled by the Commander-in-Chief. HISTORY OF THl MADSA8 ABMT. 388 paid a high compliment to the appearance of the troops^ OHAP.XXIL more especially to that of H.M.'s 89th foot, then forming part of the garrison of Fort St. George. No particular rale having been laid down as to the Pay ^^ amount claimable by officers daring their confinement ofoffioera as prisoners of war, the following order of the Court of ^''"?^^*^®" Directors on that subject was published to the army on the 6th October :— ''When an officer shall be detained by the enemy as a prisoner of war in India, he shall, dnriug his residence on shore in India, receive the pay and half batta of the rank he may hold at the time of his capture, or may obtain by promo* tion during his captivity, but on all other occasions during his captivity, whether on boardship in India, or ashore or on boardship in Europe, he shall receive the pay of his rank only." On the 29th October an order, of which the following Appointment^ is a precis, was issued with regard to appointments on ^^ *^® '*"*' the staff : — 1. No officer to be eligible to hold any appointment conferring the official rank of Ideutenant-Colonel until after nine years' service. 2. No officer to be eligible to hold any appointment 9 conferring the rank of Major, or any subordinate appoint- ment on the general staff of the army, until after seven years' service. 8. No officer to hold any general or personal staff appointment, that of aide-de-camp excepted, until after five years' service, three of which must have been passed in regimental duty. 4. No officer to hold a regimental staff appointment until he has performed three years' regimental duty. 5. No officer to be an aide-de-camp until he has been present with his regiment for one year. The dress regulations of October 1810 were modified Dress, 1814. 384 HISTORY OF THS MADRAS ABICT. CHAP.XXII. hj an order of July 1814, from which th& followiBg are extracts : — *' Wellington pantaloons and half boots are to be worn by all officers of engineers, artillery, infantry and pioneeors, " Black kid-skin^ caps, of the same muster in every reeped^ as in use with the Madras European Begiment, are to bo worn by all officers of engineers, infantry, and pioneers. ^ For bad weather and cold climates, WeUingrtom panta- loons of dark grey cloth are permitted to be worn — quite plain without trimming or ornament. Plain great ooats of tike same color are also established, made single-breasted with regimental buttons and distinguishing epaulettes or wings, for all regimental officers. ** Sword-belts and sashes to be worn aboye the great ooata. '' The full dress ooats of the general officers, and of such of the general staff as have facings, are always to be worn widi the lappels buttoned back." ()n the 20th December 1814 regimental canteens were established, and regulations for their management were published to the army. On the 5th January 1816 it was directed that for the future, blank cartridges were to be made up exclusively in blue paper, and ball cartridges in brown paper. On the 17th April orders were issued for the abolition of the " Military Institution,'^ ^ and of the survey branch Canteens, 1814. OartridgeOy isie. Abolition of the military institution. ^ These were fonnd bo nnsaited to the climate that they were abolished in 1816. ' This institution was established at the Presidency in Norember 1804, daring the GroTemment of Lord William Bentinck, for " the improve, ment of military education by the instruction of a certain nmnber of officers in g^metiy, military drawing, and the practical appHeation of those acquirements to the purposes of military seryioe." The estab- lishment was limited in the first instance to twelve yoang offioen recently promoted from the Oadet company, but the number wao sabee- quently increased to about thirty. Quarters were provided in Fart 8t. George for the members, and a mess was established, attendance at which was compulsory. The Town If ajor was charged with their instruction in garrison duties. HISTORY OP THE MADRAS ARMY. 385 of the Quartermaster-General's Department, from the CHAP. XXII. Slat May, in conformity with instractions from the Court of Directors to that effect, conveyed in the following terms : — "The Military Institation in England rendering that of Fort St. George unnecessary, that institntion is to be dis- oontinned, together with all expenses connected with it, such as the salary of the Mathematical Instructor and his assist- ant, as well as all the expenses of the Surveying Department." When publishing these instmctions the following remarks were made by Government : — : " The Right Honorable the Governor in Council takes this opportunity of expressing his entire approbation of the mode in which the duties of Mathematical and Drawing Instructor to the Military Institution have been discharged by Captain Troyer of H.M.'s 12th raiment. " The Governor in Council has also noticed with the highest satis&ction the testimony borne by His Excellency the Com. mander-in-Chief to the merits and acquirements of all the officers who have been attached to the institution. Their nniform good conduct and exemplary application have entitled them to the commendation of Government, and are alike honorable to the character of the institution, to its superin- tendence, and to themselves." Daring the same month the pay and allowances of Pay and Adjutants of European infantry were fixed upon the same AdjuSflu ° scale as that sanctioned for Adjutants and Quartermas- ters of artillery. On the 21st May 1816 an order was issued by the Dress. Commander-in-Chief by which officers of all ranks were required to wear their swords on every occasion of their appearing in public, and the contrary practice was de- nounced as nnmilitary. Officers were at the same time informed that undress jackets and foraging caps were in- tended for drills, fatigae duties, or occasions unconnected with duty within their respective lines. The appearance VOL. III. 49 386 HISTORY or THK HAOBAS ABUT. CHAP.XXII. Brevet Captains. Begimental caps. Shell jackets. Volnnteering from H.M.'s regiments. Bounty. of any officer in public except in fnll drese was proUbited, and His Excellency remarked that he had witnessed with regret instances of ** very serious inattention to the eti- qaette of dress.'' Brevet commissions of the rank of Captain were granted in Jone to all Lieatenants in the Company's sernce irbo had not attained that rank at the expiration ot fi&een years from the dates of their appointments as cadets, W no extra allowances were sanctioned. Eiight Lieatensnts of cavalry and twenty-four Lieatenants of native infants; were promoted on this occasion. This brevet promotion continued upon the same principle until the changes wiiicli followed the mutiny of 1857. During June a new regulation cap^ as prescribed for H.M.'s regiments of infantry, was ordered to be adopted by the officers of the Madras European Regiment, wbidi order was extended a few months later to all Euiopeas officers of infantry. Uniform shell jackets for officers of artillery, engi- neers, and in&ntry, to be worn at drills, fatigue dntieSi marching, and in the lines, were introduced daring Sep- tember. On the 11th October an order was published by de Oovemor-General to the effect that all Ume'-expired men belonging to fi.M.'s regiments in India should be allowed the option of volunteering into the Company's artillei; or in&ntry. This order was republished at Fort St. George on the 20th November with the undermentioned particulars, vis*, men enlisting for a period of three yean to receive a bounty of 15 pagodas (Bs. 52-8-0) each, tfaoee enlisting for five years to receive 25 pagodas (Bs. 87-8-0) each. About the same time, bounty, to the amount of three guineas per man, was sanctioned in the case of volanteecs from any of H.M.'s regiments returning to England. HISTORY OF THE MADEAS ARMT. 387 No man above 30 years of age, or under 5 feet 7 inches CHAP.xxil. in height, to be received into the artillery. There was standard of no limitation as to height with respect to volunteers for Toi^iiteers. the European Regiment, but no man above 32 years of ag^ was eligible. On the 6th December the Governor in Council, in Commissariat ccmformity with instructions received from the Court of ^ *^®'^ Directors, fixed the undermentioned sums as the extent to which the officers of the Commissariat Department were to be required to furnish security. Commissary-Oeneral 50,000 Deputies 30,000 Assistants ... ... 20,000 Deputy Assistants ... 10,000 Sab-Assistants ... ... 5,000 It was ordered at the same time that in future the security should be lodged with the Accountant-General before the officer appointed assumed charge of his ofKce. In 1806 the number of Chaplains allowed for the whole Chaplains, 1809 16 Presidency was only 9, but, on the urgent representation of the Senior Chaplain^ the number was increased to 18 during 1809, viz., 3 at the Presidency, I in Black Town> 1 for St. Thomas' Mount and Poonamallee, 1 for Yellore, Arcot, and Wallajahbad, 1 at Seringapatam, 1 at Banga- lore, 1 at Cannanore, 1 at Mangalore, 1 at Masulipatam, 1 at Yizagapatam, 1 for the Ceded Districts, I at Trichino- poly, 1 at Negapatam, and 3 to meet contingencies. The Court of Directors, in their letter of the 3rd Nov- ember 1815, authorized a further increase to the extent of four additional Chaplains, and the following changes in the distribution were ordered during 1816, viz., sepa- rate Chaplains were allowed for St. Thomas' Mount, and Poonamallee, 2 for Vellore, Arcot, and Wallajahbad, 1 for Secunderabad, 1 for Jaulna, and Quilon was substituted for Mangalore. 388 HI8T0BT OF THX HADRA8 ABVT. CHAP. XXII. Nativk Infantbt, 1812-16. Alterations in On the SOtli September 1811 a pattern knapsack of a equipments . new kind was sent from the Adjatant-Grenerars OfBoe to erery battalion^ with instmctions to adopt it as soon as it oould be done witbout putting the men to nnnecesearj expense. Haversacks were introduced at the same time, principally for the carriage of rice^ for which purpose tke knapsack was forbidden to be used. The following is the list of necessaries to be carried ii the knapsack : — 1812. 2 handkerchiefs. 2 dnpattahs. 2 loongies. 8 white jackets. 3 pairs of drawers. 2 pairs of knee bands. 1 flat dish ^ To be made of a small portable size, and to & 2 basins. I into each other. Emery, whiting, black- / In such quantities as shall be ing or heel-ball, and / regpilated by Conunandjuits pipe-clay. I of corps. 1 carpet of a small size, and neatly folded, to be placed ob the top of the knapsack, over which the watch-coat is to lie horizontally, and both attached to the knapsack bf the long straps. 1 jumbo to be slung from the sepoy's right shoulder. and dress, On the 22nd Jannary 1812, officers commanding diTi- sions and forces were informed by circulars from ike office of the Adjutant-G-eneral^ that the Commander-in- Ohief would permit pantaloons to be worn instead of short-drawers (Volume I, page 380) by such Native in- fantry corps under their command as might ^' solicit the indulgence." A few days later the change was made compulsory. The following is an extract from the circnlar letter on the subject, dated 4th February 1812 : — HISTORY OF THE MJ^DRAS ARMY. 389 ** The white pantaloons are to be considered as the full OH AP. XXII. dress of the battalion, and to be worn on all occasions of poQtaJiooiui parade, in reyiew order, general duties of garrison and can- tonments, and on occasions of ceremony. Each man to be provided with two pairs. '' The colored pantaloons to be made of striped sonssee, or sucli other suitable cloth as the commanding officer may, from the local situation of the corps, think it eligible to adopt, but the greatest attention must be paid to uniformity in color. ^' Commanding officers will take care to choose the most plain, and correiB pendent either with the color of the jackets or facings." The great inconvenience ^ of the short-drawers was assigned as the reason for discarding them^ and it was also asserted that they were not less expensive than pantaloons. The same letter contained the following paragraph regarding sandals : — " The Commander-in-Chief also directs that you will take Sandals, every pains to establish a uniform sandal to be worn by the men on all duties, and that it may be fixed upon, in communi- cation with the Native officers, of a light strong muster, sufficiently larg^ in the sole to cover the bottom of the foot, and not encumbered by any unnecessary straps or fastenings over the foot." These^ and other changes introduced during 1820-23, Changes in not having been published in general orders^ escaped the the Native observation of Government until about the end of 1823, Jj^*^^^* when they were detected by Sir Thomas Munro, who Banction of pronounced them to have been made in violation of the forbidden, -_ 1823.26. ' Sir Thomas Mxinro, when reviewing the subject of nnanthoriaed alterations in dress some years afterwards, remarked that the reasons given for doing away with the drawers conld not be serionsly main- tained. He observed that they had been in nse for nearly lialf a century without their inconvenience ever having been discovered, that native troops marched better in them than in pantaloons, and that they were cheaper and more portable* 390 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS AKHT. CHAP. XXII. resolution of Government^ dated 24th September (ante, page 228), and recommended that a stop slioold be pat to the issae of circolar letters affecting^ in tnj way^ the dress of the Native troops^ without previwtt reference to Government. The matter was also repoited to the Court of Directors^ who^ in July 1826, sent oat u order forbidding any changes in the dress or eqaipmentt of the Sfative Army without their previous sanction. On the 13th October orders were issued fur the fonn- ation of four light infantry battalions at Bangalore ander the superintendence of Lieutenant-Colonel MoLeodf' H.M.'s Royal Scots. The undermentioned battalions were selected for this purpose :— The 1st battn. 3rd regt., or Palamcottah Lt. Infy. (3rd FU) „ Ist „ 12th „ „ Wallajahbad ,, (2did W.U) „ let „ 16th „ „Trichinopoly „ (3UtT.U) „ 2nd „ 17th „ ,, Chicacole* ,, (34tb C.U) Light infantry. BBtsbliBh- The establishment of each battalion was fixed at— ment. 10 Subadars. 1 Serjeant Major. 10 Jemadars. 1 Quartermaster Serjeui 50 Havildars. 1 Native Adjutant. 50 Naigues. 1 Drill Havildar. 10 Drummers. 1 Drill Naigne« 10 Fifers. 1 Drum Major. 10 Buglers. 1 Fife Major. 20 PuckalHes. 1 Bugler Major. 700 Privates. 1 Vakeel. 70 Sepoy recruits. 2 Native Dressers. Ten companies^ numbered from 1 to 10. 1 This appointment was disapproYed by the Goiirt of Direotcars in ibdr letter of the 16th June 1816, on the gronnd that a folly qa»Sid officer might easily have been found in their own serrioe. * Reduced 1882. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ABMT. 391 The light infantry battalions were entitled to take the OHAP.XXII. ** Right/' agreeably to their respective seniority, of all privileges, other corps of Native infantry. Each battalion was to be famished with cloaks of broadcloth once in six years, and the knapsacks were to be carried at the public expense on all occasions of actual "field service. Subsidiary orders, from which the following are extracts, were issued by the Commander-in-Chief in November : — " Although the battalions of light infantry are liable, in common with the other troops of the line, to be called upon to perform all duties to which infantry are subject, yet, in order to maintain their discipline more perfect in cantonment, and to keep them in readiness in the field for their more active services, they are not to be included in the rosters for fatigue and ordinary duties, unless in cases of urgent neces- sity." '* The lowest standard height of the men of the light Btandaid infitntry battalions is fixed at five feet four inches. They ^'^ ^^' must be stout, well limbed, active, of good caste and con- nections, and free from all natural or contracted complaints < No man is to be enlisted for the battalions above the age of 20 years." *' The Gommander-in.Chief is pleased to establish the dress Uniform. of the light infantry battalions as follows : — Color of Oaflsand Oollar. Oolor of Lace. Color of Clothing of Drummers, &o. Color of Officers' Buttons and how put on. Officers' Trimmings. Deep green. White with green stripe. Green and red. Yellow, S and 8. Gold, with green stripe. About the end of the same year it was ordered that Arms of the havildars of all corps of Native infantry should, in S*Nitit7 futuroj be armed with halberts, and swords slung in infantrj. 398 BISTORT OV TH£ ItADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XXII. frog belts; with the exception of the havildars of ligiit companies^ who were to carry fusils^ and small Aial cartoach-boxes. Bedoction. The establishment of battalions of Native in&ntry «tf reduced to 780 privates from the 1st October; all men in excess of that number to be returned as supemamei*- ries until absorbed, or until further orders. The Intii- lions with the Hyderabad subsidiary force were still kept up to the strength of 900 privates^ 120 of whom were to be returned as supernumerary. On the 23rd February 1813, the establishment d recruit and pension boys^ as fixed in 1806, was revisd as follows :— Becruit ftnd pension hojn, 1818. Becmit Pensioii To a regiment of Nafcire cavalry battalion of „ infantry artillery pioneers i> M l> II ft »• I* l> Boys. 8 30 80 80 Boys. 10 40 40 so TotiL 18 70 70 eo Their enlistment and transfer. BresserB. The recruit boys were to be selected from the relatives or connections of old soldiers of the several ranksyiiotto be taken under the age of 11 years, nor unless healthj and well grown. Any recruit boy who, at the age of 18 years, was unfit for transfer to the ranks, was to be reported to head-quarters in order that he might be discharged. Pension boys were admissible at any age under II years, and were to be selected on the same principle tf recruit boys on the occurrence of vacancies, provided they were eligible in respect of health and size. Anj pension boy found unfit for transfer after having at- tained the age of 14 years^ was to be reported to head- quarters in order that he might be discharged. On the 10th August^ two Native dressers were allowed for every battalion, viz.^ one first dresser on 10 pagodas, and one second dresser on 7 pagodas per mensem. BISTORT OF THE MADRAS ARMT. 393 Daring 1 806^ each of the 46 companies of Native invalids CHAP.XXn. was ordered to be permanently located in the district where the battalion to which it was considered attached had been raised. This arrangement was made principally for the pur- The pose of facilitating recruitings but also with the view of ^^^^ds affordine protection to the families of battalions on field formed into • . . mi four Veteran or foreign service. Thirty-nine stations were fixed upon battalions, accordingly, and the distribution was made in general orders during September 1807. However, the system was found objectionable in many respects, and in July 1813, Lieutenant-General John Abercromby, then Gover- nor and Commander-in-Chief, recorded a minute in which he condemned the existing organization of the Native invalid establishment for the following reasons, viz., that in consequence of the want of efficient means of super* vision, everything connected with payments, clothing, returns, musters, &c., was complicated and irregular, the result being unsatisfactory both to the soldier and the officer in charge ; that many of the companies were stationed at places where there was no duty for the men to perform, whereas there were many stations at which they might be profitably employed. That in point of fact they could only be considered as pensioners drawing the full pay of effective soldiers, besides burdening the State with the cost of their arms, accoutrements and clothing. On these grounds the Lieutenant- G-eneral proposed to form the companies into battalions, and this being agreed to, it was resolved, on the 15th October, that from the 1st January 1814 the whole of the Native invalids on the establishment should be formed into four veteran batta- lions, to be denominated — vou III, 60 1 394 HISTORY OT THE MAD&A8 AKMY. CHAP. XXII. Command- antt. Adjutant. Sstabliah- ment. Paj and allowancM. Uniform. Officers of pioneerB. Badges for Aseaye, 1818. The let or " Madras Native Veteran BatUIim." The 2od or *' Ainee Native Veteran Battaiion." The drd or '' Oanjam Native Veteran Battalion." The 4th or '* Dindignl Native Veteran Battalion.'* Each battalion was to be commanded by a Europeu commissioned officer of the invalid establiahment, to be selected and appointed by the Commander-in-Chief. An Adjutant^ to \h selected from the list of Conductors, or of deserving Serjeants, was allowed to each battahoiL Each battalion was to consist of ten companies of soc^ strength as might be fonnd necessary from time to isnm, and the following fixed establishment was allowed :— 1 Serjeant Major. 1 Qoartermaster Serjeant. 1 Native Adjatant. 1 Havildar Major. 1 Vakeel. 1 Dmm Major. 1 Fife Major. 30 Sepoy Reermts. 40 Pension Boys. 10 Pockallies. 2 Native Dressers. 2 Toties. The same proportion of artificers as allowed to a batU- lion of effective Native infantry. It was ruled at the same time that all officers transfo- red to the Veteran establishment, from whatever brand of the service, should draw the pay and allowancQS ol officers of infantry. The uniform of the Native Veteran battalions wu ordered to be the same as that of the " Camatic Europess Veteran Battalion/' viz., red, with grey facings and silver lace. On the 80th November the number of European com- missioned officers to be attached to a battalion of pioneers, was fixed at two Captains, six Subalterns, and one A^^ ant Surgeon. Although the Governor-General in Council had, ob the 30th October 1803, directed that honorary oolon» HISTORY OF THK MADRAS ARMT. 395 with an appropriate device, should be presented to every CHAP.XXli, regiment or battalion engaged at the battle of Assaje, no steps were taken to carry out the order at Madraa until October 1811, when the Commander-in-Chief moved the Gk)vemment to adopt the device of the ^* Elephant/' as borne by His Majesty's regiments which had been present on that occasion. Government approved of the recommendation, and ordered the preparation of the requisite number of badges, silver for the Native officers, and copper for the other ranks. It appears, however, from a letter to the Court of Directors dated 31st December 1813^ from which the following is an extract, that the badges were not issued until the month of May in that year, *' It was our intention to have published a general order on the occasion of distributing these badges, but as honorary colors had already been presented to the corps engaged in that battle by the late Commander-in-Chief, and as the Euro- pean officers had been permitted to wear badges of distinction under the same authority, we deemed it sufficient to request the present Commander-in-Chief to give the necessary direc- tions for the distribution." On the 11th March 1814, the " Volunteer Battalion '' Madras was formed into a rifle corps of the undermentioned Corps," 1814. strength, viz. : — 1 Field Officer. 8 Captains. 16 Subalterns. 1 Adjutant. 1 Quartermaster. 1 Surgeon. 8 Subadars. 8 Jemadars. 1 Native Adjutant. 1 Serjeant Major. 1 Quartermaster Serjeant. 48 Havildars. 1 Bagler Major. 16 Bnglers. 48 Naigues. 720 Privates. 40 Beeruit Boys. 30 Pension Boys. 8 Puckallies. 2 Native Dressers. 396 HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMY. CHAP. XXII. The ordinary establishment of artificers was allowed, also 1 Drill Havildar, 1 Drill Naigue, 8 Taj Havildart, and 1 Vakeel. The commissioned officers, European and Native, were to continne to be borne on the strength of their respec- tive battalions. The corps was to consist of eight companies, and tf it was to be a select body of men, all non-commissioned officers, rank and file, not considered equal to the daties of light infantry, were drafted into the line. The bal^ lion was allowed the same priyilege with regard to the carriage of knapsacks as had been granted to the regi- ments of light infantry. PriTilegei, In January 1815 it was ordered that the '' Rifle Corps" should be entitled to take the *' right '^ of all other regi- ments of Native infantry, and that it should be exempted from fatigue, and other ordinary general duties in canton- ment in the same manner as the light infantry batta- lions. Beriewofthe The 1st battalion 3rd regiment was inspected asd 1814. ' reviewed by the Commander-in-Chief at Wallajabad in March 1814, for the first time since it had been made a light infantry corps, and it was found to have attained so high a degree of efficiency that the officers were com- plimented in general orders. Redaction. On the 26th April 1814 the establishment of a batta- Uon of Native infantry was reduced from 780 to 750 privates. Beview of the The " Rifle Corps '^ was inspected at Poonamallee is Bifle Corps, j^^ ^^ ^^^ Commander-in-Chief. His Excellency ex- pressed his satisfaction in general orders with the soldi^ like appearance of the men, the perfect state of their equipments, and the steadiness and precision of the corps at field exercise. HISTOBT OF THE MADRAS ARHT. 397 On the 22nd Jaly regulations were pnblislied regarding GHAP.XXU. the issue of family certificates^ and the manner in whioh pamiiT payments were to be made. The department was^ at the p^jnnent*. same time^ placed under the management and control of an officer designated the " Superintendent of Family Payments/' Subsidiary rules for the guidance of the department were issued in February 1815. The fort of Seringapatam^ always unhealthy, became Seringa, so much worse during 1814-15 that the European part P***™- ot the garrison, consisting of H.M/s 34th regiment, and a detachment of Madras artillery, was reduced to such a state of inefficiency that it was withdrawn during July 1815. The Native troops had also suffered, but not to so great an extent, and it was therefore resolved to limit the garrison to a detachment of Native infantry, and a small detail of artillery, to be relieved from Bangalore every three months. This resolution, however, was not carried into effect, and two battalions of Native infantry remained at Serin- gapatam until 1819, when the garrison was reduced to a single battalion. On the 8th January 1816 a circular letter was sent to Dress of officers in command of light infantry battalions directing i^uitxy, the substitution of black pantaloons in lieu of the red ^^^®* pantaloons then worn. The officers were directed to wear white trousers in undress, and trousers of green cloth on duty, at reviews, . and in marching order. During April the allowances of Adjutants were fixed at Adjutants' Rs. 132 per mensem, viz., staff pay Rs. 62, writer and »»o'^"»<«»- stationery, Bs. 40^ and Bs. 30 for a horse. A dep6t to provide recruits for the Native infantry Reomitin^ corpa employed beyond the frontier was established at ^^^' 398 HI8T0BT or THB MADRAS ARVT* CPAP.XXII. Ellore in May, and was placed under the superintendence of a European officer. Each battalion on service was to furnish a detail con- sisting of 1 Native Officer, 2 Havildars, 2 Naigraes, and 4 Privates, to be stationed at the dep6t. The staff was to consist of 1 Native Adjutant, 1 Drill Havildar, 1 Diill Naigue, 2 Pay Havildars, and 1 Vakeel, 500 Recruits, and the ordinary proportion of Artificers. Payment of On the 25th May the payment of military pensions was transferred to the office of the " Superintendent of Family Payments." APPENDIX. 400 APP8NDIZ TO TBI A. List of Ariiit collected in Tinneoelly, Shevagunga, Bamn/xd, and DindiguL, dated 7th March 1802. Small gaiiB . . . >•> •>• ••• ••• ••• • •• 45 SwiTels t«« ••• •■■ «•• «.• . t 1»S3S Gii^lg •1. .•• a.i •■• .«• • •• 88 Firelookfl ... •>• ... ••1 >•• ••< • t ... 6,164 Matohlooks ... .11 .« ■•• ••• • . • ... 9,956 Pistoto ... ■«. •.• ••• ..a •• 687 Musket and pistol barrek . • 1,181 Pikes and spears ••• •.• ... ..• ••• . . • ... 35,878 Pike and spear beads . 2,412 If.B.— About 12,000 swords and daggers, 1,000 bayonets, 1,000 bows, 10,000 CoUay weapons. (Signed) P, A. AONEW, Lieiifc..Gol., Palamcottah, Commanding BelackmnL 7th March 1802. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARXT. 401 B. Casualties at the Siorm of the Pettdh at Ahmednugffur, Sth August 1803« Killed. Wounded. Total. H.M.'8 19tli dragoonB Sth cayalry ... H.M.'fl 74th regiment H.M/a 78th ,, Ist hattaUon 2nd K.I. Iflt )| 8rd Ut ,, 8th Snd „ 12ih 2kid )t 18th „ lot „ pioneers M »t f» Total • • • * • • 1 1 • • t 1 ••• 1 • • • 2 11 13 • • < 14 41 55 • • • • ■• 2 2 • • • 7 11 18 t •• 2- 9 11 • •• • •• 5 6 • • > 1 3 4 • • • • • • 9 9 • • • 27 92 119 OaeuaUiee before the Fort, Qth^ 10th, and llth August 1803 ArtiHevy ••• H.M.'8 74th ... l8t battalion 8rd lat „ Sth 2nd „ 12th Ist „ pioneers Qfieen Killei. Captain Grant, H.M.'s 78th. „ Humberaton, „ Lientenant AndeTsan, „ ,y Plenderleath, 1st bat. 3rd. Killed. Wounded. Total. • • • 1 7 8 • • • • •* 2 2 • t « 1 1 1 • 1 1 • to • • 3 3 • • • 1 6 7 ^1 ... 8 19 22 a QffieerB Wounded, Lientenant Neilson, H.M.'s 74th. » Larfcins, „ 78th. TOL. in. 51 APPKNDIX TO TBS C ABttumof the Killed, Wouitded, and tfia^inj t^ the Datachwuja*titi& comnuatd of Uajor-O^n^ral th« So*orabU Arthur WMesiej/ at lluBiA of AMaya, agMfut the Jrmy of Zhwlut Bou Sdndtah, on fW«jF Hi 4th HaUts oknltT 6th „ „ 7th „ DatHhment, lit iMttaUon UtillBTT. 8nd „ 1 }. IS ii 4 6 104 2S 1 ... 8 4 "i i 51 W u . :!■ i»' » a B a. » u 2 a i ::: i 8 i 1 "i "i s I i IS 1 17 S 14 Bombay „ ... s 1 H.M.'i 7«li nwiiMnt ... H.M.'.78th I8t „ 4th „ ... Irt „ 8th „ ... bt „ 10th „ ... 4, 6 1 .1 1 i 1 i Fiomen Total ... ... 1 6 ^ 12 1 1 1 12 162 K s IS 1 8 s 4Kl < These owoaltiea were oot of the half oompaoj Mrring irith tha pIAeti ^ LieateuBDt Brown, amoaatlng to abont B2 Dotkaommiuloiied rank and flle^ Tbil t^ou yn» at Nanlaiah iKth the bagga(i. HISTORY OF THE MADRAS ARMT. 403 C — (Oontinuedy Jteiurn of the Killed^ Wounded^ and Missing of the Detcichmeni under the command of MajoT'Oeneral the Honorable Arthur WeUesley aJt the Battle of Assaye^ against the Army of DowhU Bow Scindiah^ on Friday 2Srd September 1803 — (Goniinned). Wounded. Europeans. L 1 i Corps. • • 1 & & OQ § 1 1 • i • & o 1 .s •* 1 1 i s a Lieutenant and master. 1 B 1 1 • 3 1 «- s 1 M 9 04 [.Bl.'s 19th light dragoons ... 2 • » t 2 • • « • • « 6 2 28 th Native carahry • • • • • • • 1 t • • ... Bu y> ly ... •«• 1 • • • 1 • •• i • • • • . • VD, tf if • . . • . • 1 • •• ••• • • • • 1 ... letachment, 1st battalion • i • • • • • • 1 16 artillery. „ 2nd „ • •• • • • • • « • 1 7 „ Bombay »» • • • • • I • • • • • 1 5 ttached to cavalry gons .. • a • • •• • • • • • t « • • • • [ .M.'s 74th regiment i • • * 1 8 1 17 4 250 :.M.'s 78th „ • » • 1 2 1 8 65 St battalion 2nd M.N.I. . . . * • • • •« • •• it „ 4th „ • • • • • • • • It „ 8th • • • 4 • • • It M 10th „ • • 1 • • • ad „ 12feh „ 1 1 « • 4 • »• ioi&eers • • • • •; • • • • • • • • « Total ... 1 2 4 2 17 8 I 1 84 6 371 404 APPtHDUC TO THt C—(C(mtimt«d). A Betwrn <^ the Killed, Womtded, attd Uusing t^ tie DiOaehmo^l mmini eommand c^ Miyor-Qmieral the Sonorable Arthur WeUealag of U« Bd t^ Ataaye, againat ike Army c^ TiowhU Sow Seindiah, om fWdUy S3a hepUmbar 1803— (Continned). K-,, S»tiTe«. N»n«n ( 4 § 1 j i 2 ■g 1 1 ! 6 i * . i e r w_ 1 1 i 1 1 t 1 1 1 i J g o X 5 H.ll.'il9thU(^taT.«oMM. 40 86 ... 1 4thN«tinMTalr7 "i H 27 28 '.". ... Bth „ „ 2 28 SS as 1 ...i 1. lib „ „ "4 1 27 88 27 -J-.: 1 a 19 SB artilletr. i . 2iid „ .. 1 7 16 BomW „ B 14 Attoohed towtFHltygwu ... "i I 8 H.M.'i 94th regiment ... 277 ::; ::;i 'ii H.M.'>78th 77 4 "i 20 z 22 8 iBt „ 4Ui „ "i 6 82 90 1 Irt „ 8th „ ... 2 i 7 s loe "i 187 Irt „ 10th „ ... 8 1 6 9 90 1 lOG "i and „ 12th „ ... 6 e » 160 186 Pionwr. Total ... 8 * 46 61 "i IS 16 39 e 686 86 8 1,188 111 16 1 t»li(ni waa at Nanlniab irith the baggage. are oat of the half cmaptaj serring with Uie pit^sl luting to abont 63 uon-BOtanuHeitmed rank utd file. HI8T0BY OF THB MADSA8 ARMT. 405 •S.J . J? f^ I • 1 M EH 1 >l 1 it u m I 6 f I M » »4 I o •-•-* :8-«aas s| S fH ::::::: :rH : ft-* ■••••■• lO *.*w :»^«,»go |3g s .H : : :i« : ;«9i-i : • • • • • s '^'^•^ql :::::: «S 1 « : • M |H^»o^• : : : ; : : CO • • • • • • H 2 :::«:::::: 09 09 12 • 8 sS'S'S'S'S'S-S :^ : :052C6o»^oo M :floiooo :^flo « : : :«S*s :»h»^ : :^ . • • ^91 09 '^Oi •« K-: = * s 2 : 8 tsf\ "S'S'S'S'S'S ■4» -*» -^ CD 40 QB -SIS .a fd t :09 :»H5 ; ;2sJS'**'^^ a 3 S3 s 3 i • • • 9 11 89 :« :«o :ot : • • « « . • ! t4 :OT 1-409 09 flkiH • 9 1 ••••••• • ••••••• • *•■••■• • ::::::: ^ hum 406 APPSNDIX TO THK E. Betum of Ordnance^ Fire Anm^ 8fc.^ §cc,, taken by the Force in the south of TVavancore under the command of LieutenatU' Oolonel the Honorable A. SenUeger. Where captured. G1UI8. m n o 1 I .2« a Arambooly Lines Onnuia Comarj Lines. . Action at Nag^rooil ... Oodagherry Papanareram Coletchie Tnngapatam Arloor ... Poondra Total ... 83 46 6 124 58 ..• 2 268 17 • • • 4 26 • • • 2 2 58 2 8 1 6 ... ... ... ... ... 48 57 105 851 74 54 500 20,180 776 76 33 888 80 2,000 22,942 2,080 l^.fi. — A namber of the abore brass guns rendered nseless by order, and sereral iron guns (abont 20) destroyed on the coast ; 12,000 stand of arms, 5 hios of leaden balls, and 600 barrels of powder foond at Trerandram, now on the road to Oodagherry $ also 140 pieces of ordnance to be removed from Trevandrom to Oodagherry for the purpose of being destroyed, together with about 5 lacs of leaden balls taken at Papanaverara. About one lac of round shot taken at Oodagherry not included in the above. For want of instruments it has not yet been sorted. (Signed) J. C. FRANCKE, Captain, ArtiUery, (Signed) A. SENTLEGBB, Lieat.-Col. Caxp Oodaghebbt, let AprU 1809, HISTOBT OT THS MADRAS ABlfT. 407 F. Several dispnteB arose between the captors, as weQ aa between the captors and Ooyemment, respecting the distri- bntion of the property f onnd at Amboyna, Banda, and the other islands. The spices alone amounted to 255,584 lb. of doTcs, 307,549 lb. of nutmegs, and 55,878 lb. of mace, the whole of which was claimed by the captors, but it was ulti- mately decided by the Admiralty Oourt at Madras, in Septem- ber 1811, that the captors had no right to any spices received into the Government stores after the surrender. Two Dutch brigs, one taken by the Madras troops in tiie island of Bouro, and the other by those at Laricque, were seized by Captain Tucker as prizes to His Majesty's ship '' Dover," the right of making such prizes being, in hia opinion, restricted to His Majesty's ships of war. Two small vessels, captured by Ensign Boy of the Madras Euro» pean Begiment at Saperoua, were taken possession of by Captain Tucker on the same ground. The result of this affair has not been ascertained. 408 APFSNDIX TO THB HISTOBT Off THl MADBAS ABMY. G. The following is the esiiaiate of prospective military charges after the capture :— Begvlar Troops. ArtUlerj 480 pagodas ; Detachment Madras European Begiment^ completed to 200 rank and file 1,800 pagodas; victualling 750 pagodas. Total per mensem 3,030 pagodas, equivalent to Bs. 10,605, or 4,696-24-0 Spanish dollars. Corps of Amboynese, 1 Oaptain, 1 Adjutant, 1 Serjeant Major, 1 Drill Serjeant. NaUves. 1 Adjutant, 20 Serjeants, 20 Ciorporals, 10 Drummers, 600 Privates, 7 Water-carriers, 2 Oarpenters, 2 Smiths, 1 Bel- lows Boj, 1 Ghidkledar, 1 Ghudder. Each man allowed one dram of arrack and one measure of rice per diem, and two measures of salt monthly. Pay of the whole per mensem 2,994 Spanish dollars. The men of the Amboynese corps were reported as being tractable, and of good physique. *■* .1